• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.73-82
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• 2011

Basel II advanced measurement approaches for operational risk need to estimate the frequency and severity distribution of operational losses. Due to lack of internal loss data, the estimation is impossible in many cases and so external loss data might be used by scaling on asset or gross income. To get around lack of loss data, scenario analysis combined with loss distribution approach can be useful in calculating the capital charge of operational risk. However, scenario based loss distribution approach requires much time and effort. Instead we may apply the analytic hierarchy process to measure operational risk of financial institutions. The analytic hierarchy process combined with loss distribution approach is to estimate the capital charge of operational risk in other areas based on the operational VaR in an area with sufficient loss data. AHP provides a tool for timely measurement of operational risk in this rapidly changing global environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.70-73
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• 2004

The approach in this thesis is for prediction of deformed strip profile in hot rolling mill. This approach shows how to make an expression as a mathematical form in predicting strip profile. This approach is based on the velocity field, shear stress and material flow on the strip edge along width direction and lateral displacement and stress along width are analytically calculated. Roll force is calculated in each section and then combined together to show roll force distribution along width. All the assumptions to make equation form for this approach are supported by FEM simulation result and the result of model is verified by FEM result. So, this model will supply very useful tool to the researcher and engineers which takes less time and has similar accuracy in predicting roll force profile comparing to FEM simulation. This model has to be combined with deformed roll profile model, which include thermal crown prediction and wear prediction model to predict deformed strip profile.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.367-370
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• 2006

This letter presents a multi-modal approach to tracking geographic objects such as buildings and road signs in a video sequence recorded from a moving vehicle. In the proposed approach, photogrammetric techniques are successfully combined with conventional tracking methods. More specifically, photogrammetry combined with positioning technologies is used to obtain 3-D coordinates of chosen geographic objects, providing a search area for conventional feature trackers. In addition, we present an adaptive window decision scheme based on the distance between chosen objects and a moving vehicle. Experimental results are provided to show the robustness of the proposed approach.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.343-352
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• 2021

This study aims to identify the impact of the audit approach based on business risks (i.e., external environment risk, operations risk, information risk) in reducing unsystematic risks (i.e., operational risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, capital risk, and administrative risk) in Jordanian banks. To reduce the effect of unsystematic risks and, thus, improve banking performance, an audit approach based on business risks has emerged. To achieve the objectives, this study relied on descriptive statistics and the regression approach to study twenty-five Jordanian banks. The researcher used the intentional sampling method represented by employees of the accounting, financial and control departments in Jordanian banks. Seventeen banks contributed to the study, with a percentage of 68%, totaling 356 employees. A questionnaire was designed to obtain the data, and due to homogeneity among the sampling members, a purposive sample was drawn and 300 questionnaires were distributed. The results of the study found a statistically significant effect of the audit approach based on business risks with its combined dimensions on reducing unsystematic risks in Jordanian banks. The results of the study also found a statistically significant effect of the business risk-based audit approach with its combined dimensions on reducing operational risks in Jordanian banks.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.29 no.3 s.234
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• pp.439-446
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• 2005

The theoretical method is developed to investigate the vibration characteristics of the combined cylindrical shells with an annular plate joined to the shell at any arbitrary axial position. The structural rotational coupling between shell and plate is simulated using the rotational artificial spring. For the translational coupling, the continuity conditions for the displacements of shell and plate are used. For the uncoupled annular plate, the transverse motion is considered and the in-plane motions are not. And the additional transverse and in-plane motions of the coupled annular plate by shell deformation are considered in analysis. Theoretical formulations are based on Love's thin shell theory. The frequency equation of the combined shell with an annular plate is derived using the Rayleigh-Ritz approach. The effect of inner-to-outer radius ratio, axial position and thickness of annular plate on vibration characteristics of combined cylindrical shells is studied. To demonstrate the validity of present theoretical method, the finite element analysis is performed.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

Purpose: Many surgical approaches for reconstruction of blow out fracture have been introduced, which include subciliary incision, transconjunctival incision and transcaruncular incision. Recently endoscopic approach has been attempted. This study was intended to show the effectiveness of the approach through transconjunctival incision combined with transnasal reduction in reconstructing blow out fracture to its original position. Methods: Medical recoreds of 43 patients from March 2008 to March 2009 who underwent surgery for orbital fracture were reviewed, retrospectively. All fractures were operated through transconjuctival incision approach combined with transnasal reduction. The average follow-up period was 10.1 months. To evaluate the surgical outcomes of orbital fracture, we performed CT of the facial bone before and after the surgery. In addition, preoperative and postoperative data of enophthalmos, diplopia and the limitation of extraocular motion was assessed with physical examination. Results: Post-operative CT scan of 43 patients assured that the bone fragments of the orbital fractures were restored to their original positions. Although a few patients developed postoperative transient diplopia or impairment of ocular movement, most of the patients recovered during the follow-up period without complication. Conclusion: From this study, we were able to demonstrate the effectiveness of the transnsasal reduction technique combined with the approach through transconjunctival incision. This technique can be considered as very useful means of repairing orbital fracture. It is not only easy to perform but also it can minimize the damage to the orbital bone. Furthermore, it can restore the fracture to its original position as much as possible.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.367-376
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• 2018

Samples composed of coal and rock show different mechanical properties of the pure coal or rock mass. For the same coal seam with different surrounding rocks, the frequency and intensity of rock burst can be significantly different in. First, a method of measuring the strain variation of coal in the coal-rock combined sample was proposed. Second, laboratory tests have been conducted to investigate the influences of rock lithologies, combined forms and coal-rock height ratios on the deformation and failure characteristics of the coal section using this method. Third, a new bursting liability index named combined coal-rock impact energy speed index (CRIES) was proposed. This index considers not only the time effect of energy, but also the influence of surrounding rocks. At last, a new approach considering the influences of roof and/or floor was proposed to evaluate the impact capability of coal seam. Results show that the strength and elastic modulus of coal section increase significantly with the coal-rock height ratio decreasing. In addition, the values of bursting liability indexes of the same coal seam vary greatly when using the new approach. This study not only provides a new approach to measuring the strain of the coal section in coal-rock combined sample, but also improves the evaluation system for evaluating the impact capability of coal.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.546-557
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• 2012

In Conventional Combined Vector and Direct Controls (VC-DTC) of induction motor, stator current is very rich in harmonic components. It leads to high torque ripple of induction motor in high and low speed region. To solve this problem, a control method based on the concept of fuzzy logic approach is used. The control scheme proposed uses stator current error as variable. Through the fuzzy logic controller rules, the choice of voltage space vector is optimized and then torque and speed are controlled successfully with a less ripple level in torque response, which improve the system's performance. Simulation results trough MATLAB/SIMULINK${(R)}$ software gave results that justify the claims.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.2005-2015
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• 1994

An analytical method based on the upper bound approach for the cup-bar axisymmetric combined extrusion is presented to determine the deformation zones as well as extrusion load and deformed geometry in the early stage. A new kiematically admissible velocity field is derived by the appropriate transformation of the original velocity field and applying the flow function approach. The derived velocity field is directly related to the boundary function for the plastically deforming zones and the parameter controlling the flow direction to the forward part or backward part. Experiments are carred out with the annealed aluminum 2024 at room temperature for the various area reductions. The workhardening effect is considered in the formulation as a function of the height ratio between the deformed billet and the orighinal billet to calculate the extrusion pressures. The theoretical predictions for the extrusion loads and deformed configuration are in good agreement with the experimental results.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2007

Objective : Lumbar foraminal stenosis is an important etiology of lumbar radicular symptomatology and frequent causes of remained symptoms after decompressive surgery. This study was conducted to determine the precise clinical and radiologic diagnosis of lumbar foraminal stenosis, and to demonstrate thorough treatment by decompressive surgery using a minimally invasive technique. Methods : Seven patients with established unilateral lumbar foraminal stenosis according to clinical and radiologic diagnosis were retrospectively studied. All patients underwent combined interlaminar and paraisthmic procedure with partial facetectomy. The outcome of surgery was evaluated and classified into excellent, good, fair and poor. Results : The results were excellent in four patients, good in two, and fair in one during the follow-up. There were no surgery-related complications. Conclusion : Minimally invasive combined interlaminar and paraisthmic approach provides good outcome in carefully selected patients with symptomatic lumbar foraminal stenosis.