• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.654-660
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• 2011

One of the best way to control Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) is proposed to construct first flush storage tank. But there is little known parameters for optimum design of these facilities. This study was conducted to get optimum design parameters for a first flush storage tank construction. The optimization of the tank is generally based upon some measure of SS(Suspended Solid) mass holding efficiency. Water quality deterioration of receiving water body happened right after first time occurring rainfall in dry weather seasons. So, design rainfall intensity is used at 2 mm/hr for peak of monthly average intensities of dry seasons. The capacities for each evaluated catchment are designed from 14.4 min to 16.1 min HRT of CSOs flow at design rainfall intensity. Owing to all storage tanks are connected to interception sewer having a redundancy, the suggested volume could be cut down.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.428-435
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• 2015

This study was carried out to evaluate the performance of a inflow controller for the control of combined sewer overflows (CSOs). Because of the inflow controller could be adjusted manually by predicting the maximum amount of peak flow, the mechanical adjustment of this controller was higher than the existing fixed-type controller in field application. Standardizing the relationship between the flow and the clearance and angle of an inlet cover plate on the inflow conditions can selected to the optimum conditions for the on-site. It was concluded that BOD pollutant loading at the region in which inflow controller was installed had shown the removal efficiency rate of 42%.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2005년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1199-1203
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• 2005

Combined sewer overflows(CSOs) are themselves a significant source of water pollution. Therefore, the control of urban drainage for CSOs reduction and receiving water quality protection is needed. Examples in combined sewer systems include downstream storage facilities that detain runoff during periods of high flow and allow the detained water to be conveyed by an interceptor sewer to a centralized treatment plant during periods of low flow. The design of such facilities as stormwater detention storage is highly dependant on the temporal variability of storage capacity available(which is influenced by the duration of interevent dry periods) as well as the infiltration capacity of soil and recovery of depression storage. As a result, a contiunous approach is required to adequately size such facilities. This study for the continuous long-term analysis of urban dranage system used analytical Probabilistic model based on derived probability distribution theory. As an alternative to the modeling of urban drainage system for planning or screening level analysis of runoff control alternatives, this model have evolved that offer much ease and flexibility in terms of computation while considering long-term meteorology. This study presented rainfall and runoff characteristics or the subject area using analytical Probabilistic model. Runoff characteristics manifasted the unique characteristics of the subject area with the infiltration capacity of soil and recovery of depression storage and was examined appropriately by sensitivity analysis. This study presented the average annual COSs and number of COSs when the interceptor capacity is in the range 3xDWF(dry weather flow). Also, calculated the average annual mass of pollutant lost in CSOs using Event Mean Concentration. Finally, this study presented a dicision of storage volume for CSOs reduction and water quality protection.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.490-497
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• 2007

A Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) are themselves a significant source of water pollution. Therefore, the control of urban drainage for CSOs reduction and receiving water quality protection is needed. Examples in combined sewer systems include downstream storage facilities that detain runoff during periods of high flow and allow the detained water to be conveyed by an interceptor sewer to a centralized treatment plant during periods of low flow. The design of such facilities as stormwater detention storage is highly dependant on the temporal variability of storage capacity available (which is influenced by the duration of interevent dry periods) as well as the infiltration capacity of soil and recovery of depression storage. As a result, a continuous approach is required to adequately size such facilities. This study for the continuous long-term analysis of urban drainage system used analytical probabilistic model based on derived probability distribution theory. As an alternative to the modeling of urban drainage system for planning or screening level analysis of runoff control alternatives, this model have evolved that offer much ease and flexibility in terms of computation while considering long-term meteorology. This study presented rainfall and runoff characteristics of the subject area using analytical probabilistic model. This study presented the average annual COSs and number of COSs when the interceptor capacity is in the range $3{\times}DWF$ (dry weather flow). Also, calculated the average annual mass of pollutant lost in CSOs using Event Mean Concentration. Finally, this study presented a decision of storage volume for CSOs reduction and water quality protection.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.787-796
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate CSOs(combined sewer overflows) control in the combined sewer with/without separation wall. There is the high correlation between sewage velocity and suspended solid(SS) loading in the sewer without it. The SS/BOD ratio was about 3 times in the area with it, while it was about 5 times in the area without it. Therefore, the accumulated deposit within the sewer has influenced high SS loading in the sewer without it. This study showed that the separation wall installed acquired an acceptable efficiency in controlling the accumulated deposit in the combined sewer. According to this study, the BOD control effect was about 38 % in the sewer with the separation wall, whereas it showed about 24 % in the sewer without it. In this case, it was anticipated that the high pollutant control effect would be expected if the separation wall was installed in the combined sewer.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.178-184
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 기존 CSOs (Combined Sewer Overflows) 모니터링에 비해 비용효과적이며 유지관리가 용이한 모니터링 시스템 구축의 적용성 검토를 위해 10.2 ha 규모의 배수면적이 포함된 우수토실에서 2회의 강우이벤트에 대해 전기전도도 데이터 및 토연모델을 이용하여 CSOs 유량 및 수질을 예측하였다. 강우이벤트별 전기전도도 희석률에 의한 유량예측결과 실측값과의 결정계수($R^2$)는 모두 0.86 이상으로 나타났으며, 다양한 강우이벤트에 적용이 가능한 예측식 산정을 위해 선행건기일수 및 강우지속기간 2가지를 추가 매개변수로 고려하여 회귀식을 보정한 후 적용한 결과 전기전도도 희석률만을 고려한 결과에 비해 $R^2$는 0.50에서 0.80, 오차범위 40% 이내에 포함된 상대오차 누적빈도는 54.1%에서 68.5%로 예측값의 정확도가 개선되었다. CSOs 수질은 별도의 입력자료 없이 매개변수의 보정만으로 예측값 산정이 가능한 토연모델을 적용한 결과 강우 이벤트별 실측값과의 $R^2$는 BOD 0.64~0.97, SS 0.70~0.95의 범위를 나타내었다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

도시유역에서 강우시에 발생되는 합류식 하수관거 월류수(CSOs; Combined Sewer Overflows)을 처리하기 위해 물리화학적 처리기법을 적용한 실증규모의 응집침전시스템을 개발하였다. 이에 앞서 응집침전시스템은 lab-test를 통해 도출된 최적의 설계조건이 실증규모로 증설할 시에 설계인자가 제대로 반영되었는지 평가가 필요하며, 최적조건에 따라 설계에 반영하였다 하더라도 대상원수의 유입특성에 따라서도 처리결과에 대한 평가가 다를 수가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 청주하수 처리장에 유입되는 CSOs를 대상으로 각각 $1m^3$/일과 $100m^3$/일의 CSOs를 처리할 수 있는 실험실규모 및 실증규모의 장치를 통해 실험을 수행하였다. 실증규모의 시스템을 운전하여 lab-test에서 도출된 설계인자와의 상사성을 검토하고, 이를 바탕으로 높은 처리효율을 유지하기 위한 운전인자를 적용하여 CSOs를 처리함에 있어 그 가능성을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 실험실 규모의 설계조건과 상사성을 만족하는 인라인믹서와 응집반응조의 조건을 도출할 수 있었으며, pilot-test를 운전하기 위한 적정 응집제 주입량을 도출하였고, 결과적으로 실증규모의 시스템에서도 CSOs를 대상으로 높은 효율의 응집침전처리를 가능하게 할 수 있었다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.557-564
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• 2009

A combined sewer system can quickly drain both storm water and sewage, improve the living environment and resolve flood measures. A combined sewer system is much superior to separate sewer system in reduction of the non-point source pollutant load. However, during rainfall. it is impossible in time, space and economic terms to cope with the entire volume of storm water. A sewage system that exceeds the capacity of the sewer facilities drain into the river mixed with storm-water. In addition, high concentration of CSOs by first-flush increase pollution load and reduce treatment efficiency in sewage treatment plant. The aim of this study was to develope a processing unit for the removal of high CSOs concentrations in relation to water quality during rainfall events in a combined sewer. The most suitable operational design for processing facilities under various conditions was also determined. With a designed discharge of 19.89 m/min, the removal efficiency was good, without excessive overflow, but it was less effective in relation to underflow, and decreased with decreasing particle size and specific gravity. It was necessary to lessen radius of vortex separator for increasing inlet velocity in optimum range for efficient performance, and removal efficiency was considered to high because of rotation increases through enlargement of comparing height of vortex separator in diameter. By distribution of influent particle size, the actual turbulent flow and experimental results was a little different from the theoretical removal efficiency due to turbulent effect in device.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2021년도 학술발표회
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• pp.241-241
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• 2021

Recent developments recommend the use of SSS to prevent combined sewer overflows and reduce excessive pollutant deposition in the receiving waters; however, other studies also suggest that SSS have minimal or no advantage over CSS in terms of reducing the pollutant loads being discharged in natural waterways. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of employing SSS in improving the water quality of the rivers in Okcheon-gun, South Korea. The former combined sewer outfalls (CSOs) were monitored to determine the presence of illicit connections or leaks in the newly-established SSS. Dry and wet-day monitoring was conducted alongside the collection of water samples on 14 points along the reach of the rivers and four former CSOs to determine water quality changes and patterns of pollutant loading. Among the 34 former CSOs in the study area, eight former CSOs exhibited dry-day discharges, implying the possibility of having illicit connections, leaks, or illegal wastewater discharge in the system. Moreover, relatively high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations, ranging from 4.8 mg/L to 24.9 mg/L and 6.4 mg/L to 10.1 mg/L, respectively were observed on three out of the four monitored CSOs. Fluctuations in the pollutant concentrations in the different monitored points along the river was also observed due to the presence of pipes discharging polluted water. Ultimately, further studies are necessary to identify the sources of dry-day discharges in the CSOs to successfully improve the water quality of the rivers in the area.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2018

강우사상이 발생함에 따라 시설용량을 초과하여 미처리된 상태로 방류수계에 직접 배출되는 합류식 관거 월류수(Combimed Sewer Overflows, CSOs) 및 분류식 관거 월류수(Separated Sewer Overflows, SSOs)의 관리는 집중호우가 잦아지는 근래에 들어 그 관리가 더욱 중요해지고 있다. 밀집도가 높은 도심지에 적용성이 유리한 여과기술은 지속적인 개발이 이루어지고 있음에도 불구하고 CSOs에 적용된 사례가 거의 전무한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 로프형 섬유여재가 적용된 Pilot 규모의 수평흐름식 여과장치를 CSOs에 적용하기 위해 공정최적화를 목적으로 수행되었다. 연구방법은 인공시료를 적용한 사전연구와 하수를 적용한 현장연구로 구분하여 수행하였다. 인공시료를 적용한 사전연구에서 여재 자체의 손실수두는 약 1.1cm정도로 분석되었고, 선속도 10m/hr 증가에 따라 약 0.1cm 정도의 손실수두 증가를 유발하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, SS 제거효율은 81.4% 정도로 안정적이었고, 여과지속시간은 6시간 이상 유지되었으며, 공기역세척만으로도 98% 정도의 손실수두 평균 회복율을 보였다. 하수를 적용한 현장평가에서는 여재의 조기폐색을 방지하기 위한 전처리공정으로 벨트 형 미세스크린(450mesh 이상)를 적용했을 때 2시간 내외의 여과지속시간을 확보할 수 있었고, 평균 83.9%의 SS 제거효율을 나타내었다. CSOs 및 SSOs에 여과공정 적용을 위해서는 효율적 측면보다 여과지속시간의 안정적 유지를 위한 수리적 측면을 보완하기 위해서 전처리공정과의 조합이 중요하다는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 건기와 비교하여 우기의 유입하수 수질은 다소 낮은 보였으며, 이는 분류식 관거 비율이 높은 배수구역의 특성 때문인 것으로 추정된다. 또한, 우기와 건기의 유입수질에 따른 제거효율 차이는 미미하였다.