• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 1999

Mapping and precise point determination by photogrammetry have been shown to be an economic solution. But control points are necessary to determine the exterior orientation parameters. Although the number of required control points has been reduced based on extended bundle adjustment and reinforced cross-strip, the ground survey is a significant factor of whole expenses in photogrammetry. The status of GPS-photogrammetry with kinematic DGPS-positioning to overcome this disadvantages, is now steadly progressive since the first possibility has been proved. The completed satellite configuration, powerful receiver function and upgraded software for kinematic DGPS-positioning have extensively improved the accuracy of combined bundle adjustment. So the research for the operational use of GPS-photogrammetry is absolutely necessary. The presented test field was designed for identification of subsidences in a coal mining area, flown with 60％ sidelap and cross strips. Just with 6 control points and combined block adjustment instead of the traditionally used 21 horizontal and 81 vertical control points the same ground accuracy has been reached. The accuracy of kinematic GPS-positioning and combined block adjustment was independent upon the distance of the ground reference station. It also has been showed that the special model for the systematic error correction in the combined block adjustment.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.43-54
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• 1999

This study was designed 1) to explore the adult attachment factors, 2) to investigated the individual attachment styles and combined attachment patterns for 362 wives and husbands,3) and to know the effects of the relation to marital adjustment. The inventories were KAAQ(Korean Adult Attachment Questionnare), KMAQ(Korean Marital Adjustment Questionnare), and the Socio-demographic questionnaires. The data analysis methods were frequencies, percentiles, Cronbach'${\alpha}$, Factor Analysis, and F-test. The resets were as follows; 1. 3 factors were found in adult attachment. 2. 3 styles of adult attachment(secure, anxious/ambicalent, avoidant) were found. Secure style was most frequent. Also for 9 combined attachment patters, secure pattern was found the most frequent one. 3. Marital adjustment was highest with secure attachment style, anxious/ambivalent was next , and avoidant was the lowest. About combined attachment patterns, a pair of secure style showed the highest marital adjustment, and a pair of avoidant was the lowest.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.669-678
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• 2009

Real-time image georeferencing technologies are required to generate spatial information promptly from the image sequences acquired by a multi-sensor system. We thus derive a sequential adjustment algorithm based on the combined adjustment model. By adopting the sequential adjustment model, we develop a sequential AT(Aerial Triangulation) algorithm to georeference image sequences in real-time. The proposed algorithm enables to perform AT rapidly with the minimum computation at the current stage by using the results computed at the previous stage whenever a new image is added. Experiments with simulated data were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The results of the experiments show that the georeferencing of each image took very short time and its accuracy was determined within ${\pm}4cm$ on the ground control points comparing to the results of the existing simultaneous AT.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.37-48
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• 1991

In this study, conventional network adjustment and combined network adjustment methods for single network adjustment methods for single network and centric combination network were compared by the analysis of root mean square error and standard error ellipse of observed points. It can be concluded from this study that for conventional surveying methods, the accuracy is in theorder of trilateration, traverse and triangulation, and for the case of combined surveying method, the accuracy is in the order of multilateration surveying, combined traverse and combined triangulation-trilateration surveying. And when establishing new control points, the accuracy can be improved by increasing redundant observations of centric combination network instead of using the single network. Also, in case of combined traverse surveying by adding observable laterals, accuracy level of trilateration could be achieved, and it was found that traverse is effective for large areas where sighting is easy, and combined traverse surveying is effective for urban areas where sighting is difficult.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.773-788
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• 2000

Statistical process control (SPC) and engineering process control (EPC) are based on different strategies for processes quality improvement. SPC reduces process variability by detecting and eliminating special causes of process variation. while EPC reduces process variability by adjusting compensatory variables to keep the quality variable close to target. Recently there has been needs for a process control proceduce which combines the tow strategies. This paper considers a combined scheme which simultaneously applies SPC and EPC techniques to reduce the variation of a process. The process model under consideration is an integrated moving average(IMA) process with a step shift. The EPC part of the scheme adjusts the process back to target at every fixed monitoring intervals, which is referred to a repeated adjustment scheme. The SPC part of the scheme uses an exponentially weighted moving average(EWMA) of observed deviation from target to detect special causes. A Markov chain model is developed to relate the scheme's expected cost per unit time to the design parameters of he combined control scheme. The expected cost per unit time is composed of off-target cost, adjustment cost, monitoring cost, and false alarm cost.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.905-912
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• 2011

In this paper, the method on calculating benefits of combined heat and power is introduced for standard evaluation in electrical power system. This paper calculates benefits about new national viewpoint and viewpoint of independent power producers and assesses benefits of combined heat and power in Korea and In Seoul national capital area. Benefit costs are composed of avoid cost of centralized generation, line upgrading adjustment, loss adjustment and electrical power trade cost per year in earlier study, in addition trade cost of $CO_2$, construction cost of combined heat and power for accurate calculation. Benefit of combined heat and power is calculated by simulation results of real electrical power system.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.686-687
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• 2011

In this paper, the method on calculating benefits of combined heat and power is introduced for standard evaluation in electrical power system. This paper calculates benefits about new national viewpoint and viewpoint of independent power producers and assesses benefits of combined heat and power in Korea and In Seoul national capital area. Benefit costs are composed of avoid cost of centralized generation, line upgrading adjustment, loss adjustment and electrical power trade cost per year in earlier study, in addition trade cost of CO2, construction cost of combined heat and power for accurate calculation. Benefit of combined heat and power is calculated by simulation results of real electrical power system.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.469-482
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• 2002

This paper suggests a new method of compensating for wave nonresponse in panel survey, which combines weighting adjustment and imputation. By deleting less frequent nonresponse patterns, we can get simplicity. A new mean estimator under the new combining method is provided and a limited simulation study employing a real data is conducted.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.27-46
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• 2015

Active surface adjustment of cable net structures is becoming significant when large-size cable net structures are widely applied in various fields, especially in satellite antennas. A general-duty adjustment method based on active cables is proposed to achieve active surface adjustment or surface profile reconfiguration of cable net structures. Piezoelectric actuators and voice coil actuators are selected for constructing active cable structures and their simplified mechanical models are proposed. A bilevel optimization model of active surface adjustment is proposed based on the nonlinear static model established by the direct stiffness method. A pattern search algorithm combined with the trust region method is developed to solve this optimization problem. Numerical examples of a parabolic cable net reflector are analyzed and different distribution types of active cables are compared.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 1989

The adjustment of levelling net is being done to the order of nets independently by using the least square method. For the small size net, it has difficulties in verification and statistical analysis of the net since the degree of freedom is low At the same time, it is also difficult to evaluate the error of lower order net correctly. The aim of this study is to analyse the properties of combined adjustment method compared with the independent adjustment method by using the data which have been measured during 1967-1987. Another aim is to analyse the influences of normal orthometric correction and changes of datum. Finally, Korean leveling net has been evaluated by applying real redundancy and variance component estimation.