• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.363-372
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• 2002

Reducing the fat content of processed meat products can be performed by (1) using leaner raw meat materials (2) inducing non-meat ingredients that serve to replace a portion or all of the fat, and (3) applying new ingredient combinations, technologies or processing procedures that decrease the fat and cholesterol content of meat products. Low-fat meat products were manufactured with Int replacers which were food ingredients that had the functional and sensory properties of fat without contributing fat calories, resulting in lower fat(<3%) content. Added water, non-meat proteins, carbohydrates, such as starch and hydrocolloids(gums) and vegetable oils have been used as typical fat replacers to be used in meat products. In addition, fat substitutes included structural lipids, sucrose polyester and ingredient combinations. Formulations for the manufacture of low-fat meat products in combined with new technologies have focused on the use of fat replacer combinations that contributes a minimum of calories and not detrimental to flavor, juiciness, mouthfeel or textural traits expected more traditional products. In conclusion, some combinations of fat replacements that mimics the flavor, mouthfeel and textural characteristics of fat offer potential for further development of low-fat meat products to have similar characteristics of regular-fat counterparts.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.231-235
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• 1996

The calli obtained from the bulbs of A. victorialis var. platyphyllum on MS based medium containing 2 mg/L 2, 4-D and 1mg/L BA. Plants from calli were regenerated on MS basal media supplemented with combinations of NAA and four kinds of cytokinin, BA, zeatin, kinetin and 2iP, and with only each cytokinin. The good response of shoot regeneration was observed in the media with combinations of NAA and BA or zeatin, and with only BA or zeatin. Shoot regenerating response in the medium with combinations of NAA and BA or zeatin, and with only BA or zeatin. Shoot regerating response in the medium with combinations of NAA and BA or zeatin was about two times higher than that in the mediuim with only BA or zeatin. From the karyotypic analysis of the regenerated plants, abnormal diploids, aneuploids and mixoploid with structural aberrations were investigated. The somaclonal variants (AV 16-04, AV 13-03) were shown the considerable differences from normal diploid regenerant (AV 18-03) in the external morphology.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.74-80
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• 2013

Three new Multi ${\times}$ Bi combinations M.Con.4 ${\times}$ (SK6 ${\times}$ SK7), M.Con.4 ${\times}$ NB4D2 and Nistari ${\times}$ (SK6 ${\times}$ SK7) were studied in five seasons i.e. during the period of $18^{th}$ June - $12^{th}$ July, $30^{th}$ August - $23^{rd}$ September, $3^{rd}$ November - $2^{nd}$ December, $29^{th}$ January- $2^{nd}$ March and $30^{th}$ March-$25^{th}$ April with one control Nistari ${\times}$ NB4D2 considering nine reeling characteristics along with shell percent and cocoon yield per 100 disease free layings (DFLs) to establish the seasonal effect on all the parameters. Results reveal that all the characters performed well in November-December. Highest yield per 100 DFLs was recorded during November-December in all combinations showing >60 kg yield. Higher correlation of yield/100 DFLs with filament length, non-breakable filament length, denier, raw silk percent, reelability percent and recovery percent was recorded in all combinations of Multi ${\times}$ Bi considered in this study. Variability observed among four combinations indicates the effect of different temperature and humidity of different seasons on expression of different traits. The results indicate that there is significant relationship of raw silk percent with reelability percent, recovery percent and evenness. Reelability percent showed higher correlation with recovery percent. It was observed that neatness was positively correlated with evenness. The overall performance of the newly evolved combinations with regard to productivity and reeling characteristics is discussed emphasizing their utilization at commercial level.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.209-220
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• 2004

This research was conducted to see the effect of color combination and layout in the design of web sites. Eight color combination samples and four basic layouts were selected and web pages designed from their combinations were used in the experiment. The main sensibility effects were found in the 'light, soft, and rich' color combination and in the 'light, dear, simple, warm, neat, and soft layout, respectively. Among the combinations of two factors, the combination of 'dark, hard, and simple' color combination and 'cold, somber, hard, and urban' layout had the sensibility effect. The results showing sensibility word with the sensibility of color combinations in themselves appeared first implies that much of the sensibility effects were caused by the color combinations. In case of layout, as it went from layout A to layout B, to layout C, and to layout D, that is, as the layout got more complicated, it had a 'rich and urban' impression. As a result, the sensibility effect caused by color combination was bigger than the sensibility effect caused by layout. However, layout is crucial in color combinations, it is also important in the design of web sites.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.984-988
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• 1999

Background: Donor-specific blood transfusion(DSBT) before organ transplantation has been demonstrated to prolong allograft survival; the mechanism of this effect has remained unclear. Only a few researches have been performed on this subject in our country. Material and Method: To investigate the effect of DSBT, we selected 5 donor recipient combinations using rats of pure strain such as PVG, ACI, and LEW. One ml of donor whole blood was transfused to each recipient through the femoral vein 7 days prior to transplantation. The donor heart was transplanted to the recipient's abdominal vessels heterotopically using modified Ono and Lindsey's microsurgical technique. Five transplantations were done for each combination. Postoperatively, donor heart beat was palpated everyday through the recipent's abdominal wall. Rejection was defined as complete cessation of donor heart beat. Result: The allogeneic heart grafts transplanted from PVG strain to ACI strain(PVG ACI) without DSBT were acutely rejected(mean survival 10.2 days). With pretransplant DSBT, the cardiac allografts in PVG ACI and LEW PVG combinations survived indefinitely(more than 100 days), those in ACI PVG combination survived 12 to 66 days(mean 31.8 days), those in PVG LEW survived 8 to 11 days(mean 10.0 days), and those in ACI LEW survived 7 to 9 days(mean 8.0 days). In brief, DSBT prior to heart transplantation was definitely effective in PVG ACI and LEW PVG combinations and moderately effective in ACI PVG combination, but not effective in PVG LEW and ACI LEW combinations. Conclusion: DSBT prior to heart transplantation showed variable effects, but might prolong cardiac allograft survival indefinitely in some donor recipient strain combinations. The mechanism of this effect should be further investigated.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.403-413
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• 2008

This study was conducted to select excellent tank mix combinations of pesticides for aerial application by manned helicopter. Among 209 pesticide combinations of 3-way tank-mixing for aerial application, a total of 93 recommendable combinations including tricyclazole SC+validamycin-A SL+imidacloprid SL were finally selected for the simultaneous control of key pests on paddy rice such as blast, sheath blight, brown planthopper and moth. The selected combinations were not phytotoxic to rice plants and nearby non-target crops, and excellent in physicochemical properties of ultra low volume (ULV) spray solutions. The efficacies on sheath blight, brown planthoppers and white-backed planthoppers of pesticides sprayed by aerial application were similar to those of pesticides by conventional spraying. Total cost of aerial application in paddy rice was very economical as one fourth level of that of conventional spraying.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.597-606
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• 1998

The purposes of the study were 1) to evaluate the visual image of colored Korean traditional dress for woman 2) to analyze the colors and, color combinations effect on the image perception using gestalt theory. The research method was a quasi-experimental with a between subjects design. The experimental materials developed for the study were a set of stimuli and a response scale. The stimuli was consisted of 17 drawings of females wearing Korean tradinational dress, by using CAD simulation. A response scale consisted of semantic differential scales. The subjects were 1138 undergraduate students of Taejon city, Chungnam province and Chungbuk province. Their responses to the semantic differential scales were analyzed using factor analysis, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, 1-test. Results were as follows; 1) The image of the stimulus was consisted of the 4 different dimensions.(sociability, evaluation, visibility, attractiveness) 2) Clothing colors had significant effects on image perception of the evaluation dimension, visibility dimension and attractiveness dimension in the mono-color set. The blue showed the most positive image on the evaluation dimension, and the yellow and the gray showed negative image on the same dimension. The yellow showed the most salient image and the gray showed the least salient image on the visibility dimension. The red showed the most attractive image and the green showed the least attractive image on the attractiveness dimension. 3) In hi-color set stimulus, the perceived image was influenced by color combinations. The yellow blouse-the red skirt set showed the most sociable image on the sociability dimension. The blue blouse-the green skirt set showed the most positive image on the evaluation dimension. The yellow blouse-the red skirt set showed the most salient image and the blue blouse-the green skirt set showed the least salient image on the visibility dimension. And the red blouse-the yellow skirt set showed the most attractive image on the attractiveness dimension. On conclusion the visual image of Korean traditional dress wearer was affected by dress colors and color combinations.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.670-678
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• 2014

This paper presents a method to extract objects in radiographic images where all the allowable combinations of segmented regions are compared to a target object using Fourier descriptor. In the object extraction for usual images, a main problem is occlusion. In radiographic images, there is an advantage that the shape of an object is not occluded by other objects. It is because radiographic images represent the amount of radiation penetrated through objects. Considering the property of no occlusion in radiographic images, the shape based descriptors can be very effective to find objects. After all, the proposed object extraction method consists of three steps of segmenting regions, finding all the combinations of the segmented regions, and matching the combinations to the shape of the target object. In finding the combinations, we reduce a lot of computations to remove unnecessary combinations before matching. In matching, we employ Fourier descriptor so that the proposed method is rotation and shift invariant. Additionally, shape normalization is adopted to be scale invariant. By experiments, we verify that the proposed method works well in extracting objects.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was performed to determine whether the combined use of one-bottle self-etch adhesives and composite resins from same manufacturers have better bond strengths than combinations of adhesive and resins from different manufacturers. Materials and Methods: 25 experimental micro-shear bond test groups were made from combinations of five dentin adhesives and five composite resins with extracted human molars stored in saline for 24 hr. Testing was performed using the wire-loop method and a universal testing machine. Bond strength data was statistically analyzed using two way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test. Results: Two way ANOVA revealed significant differences for the factors of dentin adhesives and composite resins, and significant interaction effect (p < 0.001). All combinations with Xeno V (Dentsply De Trey) and Clearfil $S^3$ Bond (Kuraray Dental) adhesives showed no significant differences in micro-shear bond strength, but other adhesives showed significant differences depending on the composite resin (p < 0.05). Contrary to the other adhesives, Xeno V and BondForce (Tokuyama Dental) had higher bond strengths with the same manufacturer's composite resin than other manufacturer's composite resin. Conclusions: Not all combinations of adhesive and composite resin by same manufacturers failed to show significantly higher bond strengths than mixed manufacturer combinations.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 1982

Cysteamine(Mercaptoethyiamine, MEA), S,2-Aminoethylisothiouronium Bromide. HBr (AET), and S-(2-Aminoethyl) Dihydrogen Phosphorothioate (WR-638) were prepared and radioprotective effects of these chemicals and their combinations against $^{60}Co$ ${\gamma}-ray$ radiation were studied ,in irradiated ICR mice. Intraperitonially administered chemicals or their combinations resulted drug deaths in cases of MEA, AET, and their combinations, whereas there were a slight or no drug death in cases of WR-638 and the combination of AET with WR-638. All tested chemicals and their combinations yielded radioprotective effects against $^{60}Co$ $\gamma-ray$ radiation. An additive radioprotection effect was observed in case of the combination of AET with WR-638.