• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5353-5361
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• 2012

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is an immune-stimulatory cytokine with antitumor activity in preclinical models. It plays pivotal roles in linking inflammatory immune responses and tumor progression and is a useful candidate in gene therapy of lymphoma or lymphoid leukemia. A phase I study of recombinant human IL-18 (rhIL-18) in patients with advanced cancer concluded that rhIL-18 can be safely given in biologically active doses to patients with advanced cancer. Some viruses can induce the secretion of IL-18 for immune evasion. The individual cytokine activity might be potentiated or inhibited by combinations of cytokines. Here we focus on combinational effects of cytokines with IL-18 in cancer progression. IL-18 is an important non-invasive marker suspected of contributing to metastasis. Serum IL-18 may a useful biological marker as independent prognostic factor of survival. In this review we cover roles of IL-18 in immune evasion, metastasis and angiogenesis, applications for chemotherapy and prognostic or diagnostic significance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.105-112
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• 2000

The conventional model did not take momentum conservation into consideration when the electron absorbs and emits the photons. II-ray provides momentum conservations on any directions of the entering photons, and also the electrons have radial momentum conservations and fully elastic bouncing between two atoms, in the new atom model. Conventional atom model must be criticized on the following four points. (1) Natural motions between positive and negative entities are not circular motions but linear going and returning ones, fur examples sexual motion, tidal motion, day and night etc. Because the radius of hydrogen atom's electron orbit is the order of 10$^{-11}$ m and the radia of the nucleons in the nucleus are the order of 10$^{-l4}$m and then the converging $\pi$-gamma rays to the nucleus have so great circular momentum, the electron can not have a circular motion. We can say without doubt that any elementary mass particle can have only linear motion, because of the $\pi$-rays' hindrances, near the nucleus. (2) Potential energy generation was neglected when electron changes its orbit from outer one to inner one. The h v is the kinetic energy of the photo-electron. The total energy difference between orbits comprises kinetic and potential energies. (3) The structure of the space must be taken into consideration because the properties of the electron do not change during the transition from outer orbit to inner one even though it produces photon. (4) Total energy conservation law applies to the energy flow between mind and matter because we daily experiences a interconnection between mind and body. Any magnet absorbs n-rays to S pole and sends out the $\pi$-rays from N pole. Proton are constructed with the closed n-rays quantum-mechanically. The crystallizing n-bonding makes two $\pi$-far infrared rays of one wave length between two protons if two $\pi$-rays are supplied to each proton. It is easily done for a $\pi$-ray to be absorbed to a proton if there is a parallel magnetic flow to the blood flow because a $\pi$-ray advances axially under a magnetic field and a proton looks like a sphere. A axially advancing disk-like $\pi$-ray can meet more easily the coming spheres than from the other directions. The blood crystals stimulate the autonomous nerves on the blood vessels during the flow by their mechanical sliding collisions. SM n-ray meridian therapy and SMACN $\pi$-ray meridian therapy show the stimulation of blood flow and also combinational experiment between SM $\pi$-ray meridian therapy and n-ray psycho-physics acupuncture shows more clearly that magnet is forcing to make $\pi$-rays absorbed to the nucleons.s.ons.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.13 no.1_2
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• pp.61-69
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• 1997

Exposure of splenocytes to 2-chloroethylethyl sulfide (CEES) resulted in the cell death, and the cytotoxicity of CEES was prevented by inhibitors of lysosomal hydrolases. Therefore, it has been postulated that the cytotoxicity of CEES may be partially due to the lysosomal labilization. This study, based on this mechanism, was undertaken to determine whether aminoglycoside antibiotics as inhibitors of lysosomal phospholipases and their combinations with other lysosome stabilizers can be useful as a treatment to reduce the CEES toxicity in mice. 2-Chloroethylethyl sulfide (20 mg/kg body weight) was injected ip into female ICR mice, and candidate compounds were administered ip before or after the CEES challenge. Kanamycin (40 mg/kg body weight) as effective as deferoxamine (100 mg/kg body weight) enhanced the survival rate after 5 days of intoxication from 10% of control to 50 - 60%. The most effective was found to be the combination of kanamycin, cycloheximide, deferoxamine and dextrose showing an almost full protection against 2LD50 of CEES. Consistent with the protection of the CEES toxicity, the decrease of body weight in mice intoxicated with CEES was effectively prevented by kanamycin or its combinations. It is suggested that kanamycin or its combination (kanamycin, cycloheximide, deferoxamine and dextrose) would be one of effective antidotes against the CEES poisoning in mice.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.2793-2800
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• 2015

In molecular-targeted cancer therapy, acquired resistance to gemcitabine is a major clinical problem that reduces its effectiveness, resulting in recurrence and metastasis of cancers. In spite of great efforts to reveal the overall mechanism of acquired gemcitabine resistance, no definitive genetic factors have been identified that are absolutely responsible for the resistance process. Therefore, we performed a cross-platform meta-analysis of three publically available microarray datasets for cancer cell lines with acquired gemcitabine resistance, using the R-based RankProd algorithm, and were able to identify a total of 158 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 76 up- and 82 down-regulated) that are potentially involved in acquired resistance to gemcitabine. Indeed, the top 20 up- and down-regulated DEGs are largely associated with a common process of carcinogenesis in many cells. For the top 50 up- and down-regulated DEGs, we conducted integrated analyses of a gene regulatory network, a gene co-expression network, and a protein-protein interaction network. The identified DEGs were functionally enriched via Gene Ontology hierarchy and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses. By systemic combinational analysis of the three molecular networks, we could condense the total number of DEGs to final seven genes. Notably, GJA1, LEF1, and CCND2 were contained within the lists of the top 20 up- or down-regulated DEGs. Our study represents a comprehensive overview of the gene expression patterns associated with acquired gemcitabine resistance and theoretical support for further clinical therapeutic studies.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.346-354
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• 2008

The combined effects of EDTA-Tris and eighteen antimicrobial agents have been evaluated in eight clinically isolated methicillin-resistant bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus agalactiae) from bovine mastitis. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by measuring the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) for the antibiotics alone or in combination with EDTA-Tris in Mueller-Hilton broth and milk. Combined use of EDTA-Tris and antibiotics potentiated or antagonized activity of antibiotics against mastitic pathogens. Milk increased the antibiotic potency of erythromycin and spiramycin on S. aureus. Culture in milk changed patterns of EDTA-Tris combinational effects compared with that in standard Mueller-Hilton broth. Combined with EDTA-Tris in milk, synergic effects were observed in colistin, dihydrostreptomycin, kanamycin, erythromycin, gentamycin, oxytetracycline, streptomycin to E. coli, Str. uberis, and Str. agalactiae. However, significant antagonistic effects of milk on antibiotic susceptibility in combination with EDTA-Tris were noted in neomycin, streptomycin, penicillin, roxithromycin, and amoxicillin. This study indicates that combination therapy of EDTA-Tris with antibiotics in bovine mastitis should be used with caution because of the possible antagonistic effects of antibiotic combination with EDTA-Tris on mastitic pathogens. In addition, antibiotic susceptibility test in combination with EDTA-Tris in milk culture condition can be benefit in search of effective treatment regimen for some antibiotic-resistant bacteria of mastitis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.506-516
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to report five patients who had multiple rib fractures after a traffic accident who improved with the combination of Korean medical admission treatment. Methods: We collected the data of traffic accident patients with multiple rib fractures who were admitted to the Daejeon Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine from April 2018 to May 2018 to receive the combinational Korean medical treatment. We observed these cases of patients treated by Acupuncture, Pharmacopuncture, Herbal medicine, Oriental physical therapy, Chuna treatment. We measured the validity of the treatment with a numerical rating scale (NRS) and the European Quality of Life-5 Dimension (EQ5D) at admission, at two weeks, and at the discharge date of hospitalization. Results: At the end of the treatment, all patients showed a decrease in NRS scores and in increase in EQ5D. The median NRS score was 6 (5-7) at the date of admission and 4 (2-7) at two weeks and then decreased to 3 (2-6). The median EQ5D score was 0.513 (0.350-0.752) at the date of admission and 0.692 (0.418-0.913) at two weeks, and then increased to 0.783 (0.671-0.913). Conclusions: After the combination of Korean medicine admission treatment, five patients with multiple rib fractures after a traffic accident showed that the treatments were effective. However, the number of subjects was insufficient and individual efficacy was not measured in this study. Therefore, further studies are needed on this topic.