• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.69-79
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• 2010

Canada is a democratic country, yet it keeps a social democratic system in which the government is in charge of welfare of its people. And this is one of the most significant features about the country. Her public and private pension system has been effective since the 1920s, securing its people's fundamental income. In particular, the public medical system applies to its every citizen and performs its role. This system is called the National Medical System as well as "MEDICARE" named after its related law. However, there has been a significant change in the national medical and welfare policy due to the budget deficit. In other words, the policy was mainly implemented to welfare facilities in the past, but the policy changed to a welfare policy for the elderly with a concentration on the support for self-reliance of senior citizens since the reform. The purpose of this study is to provide data and implications for Korea through the analysis of the current situation and distinct features of the housing welfare system in Canada. This study has researched the literature on the subject with an analytic focus on three aspects that are the fundamental frame of the system, essential content (support for self-reliance and facility composition), and distinct features of the housing for the elderly. In other words, they are, first, how the fundamental frame of the housing welfare system for the elderly is composed; second, how the service for self-reliance welfare and facility service are composed; and third, what their scale and distinct spatial features of general houses for the elderly with self-reliance are. A comparative study was conducted in detail on courses and characteristics of the housing welfare system for senior citizens in Canada and the USA of North America. In particular, it reveals the scale and distinct spatial features of public houses for the elderly with self-reliance in British Columbia (BC) which is one of the main provinces of Canada.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.291-302
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• 2005

Due to the importance of the parameter in structural response, the uncertain elastic modulus was located at the center of stochastic analysis, where the response variability caused by the uncertain system parameters is pursued. However when we analyze the so-called stochastic systems, as many parameters as possible must be included in the analysis if we want to obtain the response variability that can reach a true one, even in an approximate sense. In this paper, a formulation to determine the statistical behavior of in-plane structures due to multiple uncertain material parameters, i.e., elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio, is suggested. To this end, the polynomial expansion on the coefficients of constitutive matrix is employed. In constructing the modified auto-and cross-correlation functions, use is made of the general equation for n-th moment. For the computational purpose, the infinite series of stochastic sub-stiffness matrices is truncated preserving required accuracy. To demons4rate the validity of the proposed formulation, an exemplary example is analyzed and the results are compared with those obtained by means of classical Monte Carlo simulation, which is based on the local averaging scheme.

• BMB Reports
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• v.42 no.8
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• pp.486-492
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• 2009

OsDREB1D, a special DREB (dehydration responsive element binding protein) homologous gene, whose transcripts cannot be detected in rice (Oryza sativa L), either with or without stress treatments, was amplified from the rice genome DNA. The yeast one-hybrid assay revealed that OsDREB1D was able to form a complex with the dehydration responsive element/C-repeat motif. It can also bind with a sequence of LTRE (low temperature responsive element). To analyze the function of OsDREB1D, the gene was transformed and over-expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana cv. Columbia. Results indicated that the over-expression of OsDREB1D conferred cold and high-salt tolerance in transgenic plants, and that transgenic plants were also insensitive to ABA (abscisic acid). From these data, we deduced that this OsDREB1D gene functions similarly as other DREB transcription factors. The expression of OsDREB1D in rice may be controlled by a special mechanism for the redundancy of function.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.717-725
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• 2018

One of the most important design criteria in military tunnels and armoured doors is to resist the blast loads with minimum structural weight. This can be achieved by using steel sandwich panels. In this paper, the nonlinear behaviour of steel sandwich panels, with different core materials: (1) Hollow (no core material); (2) Rigid Polyurethane Foam (RPF); and (3) Vulcanized Rubber (VR) under free air blast loads, was investigated using detailed 3D nonlinear finite element models in Ansys Autodyn. The accuracy of the finite element model proposed was verified using available experimental test data of a similar steel sandwich panel tested. The results show the developed finite element model can be reliably used to simulate the nonlinear behaviour of the steel sandwich panels under free air blast loads. The verified finite element model was used to examine the different parameters of the steel sandwich panel with different core materials. The result shows that the sandwich panel with RPF core material is more efficient than the VR sandwich panel followed by the Hollow sandwich panels. The average maximum displacement of RPF sandwich panel under different ranges of TNT charge (1 kg to 10 kg at a standoff distance of 1 m) is 49% and 53% less than the VR and Hollow sandwich panels, respectively. Detailed empirical design equations were provided to quantify the maximum deformation of the steel sandwich panels with different core materials and core thickness under a different range of blast loads. The developed equations can be used as a guide for engineer to design steel sandwich panels with RPF and VR core material under a different range of free air blast loads.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1980.09a
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• pp.71-76
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• 1980

Aortic strips were prepared from rabbits, and the tensions were maintained by administration of norepinephrine into the incubation chamber. The application of diol or triol induced relaxation of the aortic strip, as indicated by the decreased aortic tension. Triol, in a concentration of $30\;mg\%\;causes\;approximately\;50\%$ of muscle relaxation, whereas a similar degree of relaxation is induced by $50\;mg\%$ of diol. This indicates that both triol and diol cause relaxation of the aorta, but that triol is about $170\%$ more potent than diol. It is well established that blood-vessel smooth-muscle tone is regulated by the available intracellular $Ca^{++}$ concentration, which in turn is profoundly influenced by interaction of the cellular membrane and sarcoplasmic reticulum in the smooth muscle. Thus, any agent which modifies the smooth-muscle tone is expected to interfere with the $Ca^{++}$ binding or uptake of sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum. In the following experiments sarcoplasmic reticulum and sarcolemma were prepared from the ventricle of rabbit heart, and the active $Ca^{++}$ uptake by these cellular components was measured employing $Ca^{45}$ in the presence of triol and diol. It was found that the active $Ca^{++}$ uptake in the presence of ATP by sarcoplasmic reticulum was inhibited by both triol and diol. Panaxatriol, in a concentration of $80\;mg\;\%,$ inhibited $Ca^{++}$ uptake by $30\%,$ whereas panaxatriol in the same concentration inhibited uptake by $20\%.$ It is clear that triol is a more potent inhibitor of active $Ca^{++}$ transport in sarcoplasmic reticulum than diol. The $Ca^{++}$ binding of the cellular membrane was also studied employing Ca45 and milipore techniques. It was found that triol in a concentration of $80\;mg\;\%,$ decreased $Ca^{++}$ binding by $29\%.$ Diol in the same concentration decreased the binding by $17\%.$ It is clear that both triol and diol inhibit $Ca^{++}$ binding to the cellular membrane, but triol is approximately $180\%$ more potent than diol.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.113-125
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• 2011

This study was conducted to compare the body image perception, weight control experiences and the eating disorders according to where they were born, and the length of residence in USA among Korean-American college students. Three hundred college students participated in the study: 144 males and 156 females, 122 America-born (AB) and 171 Korea-born (KB) who live in New York City and New Jersey. Subjects responded to a self-administered questionnaire. The results showed that the ratio of overweight (23.2%) and obesity (26.8%) of males was higher than females'(16.1% and 6.3%, respectively). There were no significant differences according to born-place or the length of residence in USA of KB. People who had tried to control their weight were 58%. The ratio of weight control experiences of females (72.4%) was higher than males' (42.4%) as well as people who were normal or underweight than who were overweight or obesity. There were no significant differences according to born-place or the length of the residence in the USA of KB. In body image perception, the subjects who were normal and underweight overestimated their body figure, and the subjects who were overweight and obese underestimated their body figure. The desired and ideal figure of female students was significantly thinner than the current figure and also that of male students. There were no significant differences according to born-place or the length of the residence in USA of KB. The ratio of eating disorder was 8.7%, and females had higher percentage than males. And shorter they lived in USA, the percentage of eating disorder was higher.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.129-131
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• 2015

We have initiated single-dish monitoring observations of ~400 methanol maser sources at 6.7 GHz using the Hitachi 32-m radio telescope from December 2012 to systematically research periodic flux variations, which are observed in some methanol maser sources associated with high-mass (proto-)stars. In our monitoring, we have made daily monitoring, so that each source has been observed every nine days with an integration time of 5 min (typical $3{\sigma}$ detection sensitivities of 0.9 Jy). The monitoring observations help us statistically understand periodic flux variations with a period longer than 50 days. As an initial result, we present a new detection of periodic flux variations in the 6.7 GHz methanol maser source G 036.70+00.09. The period of the flux variations is ~53 days (~0.019 cycles $day^{-1}$), and seems to be stable over 9 cycles, at least until the middle of August 2014.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.495-497
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• 2015

Galaxies can be "pre-processed" in the low-density outskirts by ambient medium in the filaments or tidal interactions with other galaxies while falling into the cluster. In order to probe how early on and by which mechanisms galaxies can be affected before they enter high-density cluster environments, we are carrying out an atomic hydrogen ($H\small{I}$) imaging study of a sample of galaxies selected from three filamentary structures around the Virgo cluster. Our sample consists of 14 late-type galaxies, which are potentially interacting with their surroundings. The $H\small{I}$ observations have been done using the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope, the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope, and the Jansky Very Large Array with column density sensitivity of ${\approx}3-5{\times}10^{19}cm^{-2}$ in $3{\sigma}$ per channel, which is low enough to detect faint $H\small{I}$ features in the outer disks of galaxies. In this work, we present the Hi data of two galaxies that were observed with GMRT. We examine the $H\small{I}$ morphology and kinematics to find the evidence for gas-gas and/or tidal interactions, and discuss which mechanism(s) could be responsible for pre-processing in these cases.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.204-209
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• 2012

PURPOSE. The aim of this systematic review is to address treatment outcomes of Mandibular implant overdentures relative to implant survival rate, maintenance and complications, and patient satisfaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A systematic literature search was conducted by a PubMed search strategy and hand-searching of relevant journals from included studies. Randomized Clinical Trials (RCT) and comparative clinical trial studies on mandibular implant overdentures until August, 2010 were selected. Eleven studies from 1098 studies were finally selected and data were analyzed relative to number of implants. RESULTS. Six studies presented the data of the implant survival rate which ranged from 95% to 100% for 2 and 4 implant group and from 81.8% to 96.1% for 1 and 2 implant group. One study, which statistically compared implant survival rate showed no significant differences relative to the number of implants. The most common type of prosthetic maintenance and complications were replacement or reattaching of loose clips for 2 and 4 implant group, and denture repair due to the fracture around an implant for 1 and 2 implant groups. Most studies showed no significant differences in the rate of prosthetic maintenance and complication, and patient satisfaction regardless the number of implants. CONCLUSION. The implant survival rate of mandibular overdentures is high regardless of the number of implants. Denture maintenance is likely not inflenced substantially by the number of implants and patient satisfaction is typically high again regardless os the number of implants.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.197-203
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• 2012

PURPOSE. The aim of this systematic review was to address treatment outcome according to attachment systems for mandibular implant overdentures in terms of implant survival rate, prosthetic maintenance and complications, and patient satisfaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed and hand searching of relevant journals considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Clinical trial studies on mandibular implant overdentures until August, 2010 were selected if more than one type of overdenture attachment was reported. Twenty four studies from 1098 studies were finally included and the data on implant survival rate, prosthetic maintenance and complications, patient satisfaction were analyzed relative to attachment systems. RESULTS. Four studies presented implant survival rates (95.8 - 97.5% for bar, 96.2 - 100% for ball, 91.7% for magnet) according to attachment system. Ten other studies presented an implant survival rate ranging from 93.3% to 100% without respect to the attachment groups. Common prosthetic maintenance and complications were replacement of an assay for magnet attachments, and activation of a matrix or clip for ball or bar attachments. Prosthetic maintenance and complications most commonly occurred in the magnet groups. Conflicting findings were found on the rate of prosthetic maintenance and complications comparing ball and bar attachments. Most studies showed no significant differences in patient satisfaction depending upon attachment systems. CONCLUSION. The implant survival rate of mandibular overdentures seemed to be high regardless attachment systems. The prosthetic maintenance and complications may be influenced by attachment systems. However patient satisfaction may be independent of the attachment system.