• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 2008.12a
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• pp.308.1-308.1
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• 2008

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.216.2-216.1
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• 2001

• Journal of Daesoon Thought and the Religions of East Asia
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.159-162
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• 2022

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1990.06a
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• pp.155-167
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• 1990

Ginseng Is renowned for both its medicinal and herbal uses and successful cultivation of Panax ginseng in Asia and Panax quinquefolium in North America has until recently taken place in the native geographical ranges of the plants. As a consequence of the potential high capital return and anticipated increases in consumer consumption, commercial cultivation of American ginseng now occurs well outside the native range of the plant in North America. In fact, the region of greatest expansion of cultivation is in the semi-arid interior region of British Columbia, Canada. Linked with this expansion is the potential domination of the ginseng industry by agricultural corporations. In the interior of British Columbia, the native deciduous forest environment of eastern North America is simulated with elevated polypropylene shade and a surface covering of straw mulch. The architecture of these environments is designed to permit maximum machinery usage and to minimize labor requirements. Further, with only a four- years growth cycle, plant densities in the gardens are high. In this hot, semi-arid environment, producers believe they have a competitive advantage over other regions in North America because of the low precipitation rates. This helps to minimize atmospheric humidity such that the conditions for fungal disease development are reduced. If soil moisture level become limited, supplemental water can be provided by irrigation. The nature of the radiation and energy balance regimes of the shade and many environments promotes high soil moisture levels. Also, the modified environment redlines soil heating. This can result in an aerial environment for the plant that is stressful and a rooting zone environment that is suloptimal. The challenge of further refining the man modified environment for enhanced plant growth and health still remains. Keywords Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolium, cultivation, ginseng production.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.135-140
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• 2003

North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) was analysed for total ginsenosides and ten major ginsenosides (R$_{0}$ , Rb$_1$, Rb$_2$, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg$_1$, pseudoginsenoside F$_{11}$ and gypenoside XVII), and variations in ginsenoside content with age of plant (over a four-year-period) and geographic location (Ontario versus British Columbia) were investigated. In the roots the total ginsenoside content increased with age up to 58-100 mgㆍg$^{-1}$ dry weights in the fourth year, but in leaves it remained constant over time. Roots and leaves, moreover, had different proportions of individual ginsenosides. The most abundant ginsenosides were Rb$_1$ (56mgㆍg$^{-1}$ for Ontario; 37mgㆍg$^{-1}$ for British Columbia) and Re (21mgㆍg$^{-1}$ for Ontario; 15 mgㆍg$^{-1}$ for British Columbia) in roots, and Rd (28-38 mgㆍg$^{-1}$ ), Re (20-25 mgㆍg$^{-1}$ ), and Rb$_2$ (13-19 mgㆍg$^{-1}$ ) in leaves. Measurable quantities of Rf were found in leaves (0.4-1.8 mgㆍg$^{-1}$ ) but not in roots or stems. Our results show that ginsenoside profiles in general, and Rf in particular, could be used for chemical fingerprinting to distinguish the different parts of the ginseng plant, and that ginseng leaves could be valuable sources of the ginsenosides Rd, Re, and Rb$_2$.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.185-202
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• 2012

This study is focused on the gifted education program, "EEE" of Columbia Public Schools in Missouri. This program is recommended to follow NAGC Pre-K-Grade 12 Gifted programming standards(NAGC, 2010) and Missouri school laws(MDESE, 2012b), but is allowed to run autonomically without any support in a federal or state level. The characteristics of EEE are as follows: ${\cdot}$ emphasizing not only on the cognitive development but also on the social and affective/emotional development of the gifted students ${\cdot}$ encouraging each student's own interest by allowing him/her to select his/her major and minor ${\cdot}$ the variety of classes ${\cdot}$ the call-up class - discriminating from regular classes ${\cdot}$ the interdisciplinary approach - connecting many subjects around the main idea ${\cdot}$ the activity-based learning such as hands-on activities, projects, and simple experiments ${\cdot}$ using the individual activity as well as pair or group activity In special, this paper also contains an example of program about mathematics and suggests some implications for gifted education programs in Korea.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.215-217
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• 2008

Medical records from the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the University of Missouri-Columbia from 2004 to 2007 were available for 28 raptors that underwent long bone fracture repair. There were 14 owls, 10 hawks, 2 vultures, 1 eagle, and 1 falcon. Mean body weight was 780 g (ranged from 150 to 1400 g) for 14 owls; 650 g (ranged from 150 to 1270 g) for 10 hawks; 1760 g (ranged from 1520 to 2000 g) for 2 vultures; 5000 g for 1 eagle; and 130 g for 1 falcon. Of all 28 fracture cases, 11 cases (39%) and 1 case (3%) were related to hit-by-car and shooting respectively. Physical examination revealed dehydration in 18 raptors (64%) and lethargy in 12 raptors (42%). Forty one long bone fractures were included in 28 cases. The radiographs revealed 13 ulnar fractures (32%), 12 humeral fractures (30%), 10 radial fractures (25%), 4 tibiotarsal fractures (9%), 1 femoral fracture (2%), and 1 fibular fracture (2%). External skeletal fixation using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) combined with intramedullary fixation was used in 19 long bone fractures (46%). Intramedullary fixation using intramedullary Kirschner pin was used in 16 long bone fractures (39%). No surgical treatment was performed in 6 long bone fractures (15%). This study reported that many of raptors presented dehydration and lethargy when admitted for treatment. Therefore, proper hydration and nutrition are critical pre-surgical requirements. In addition, combination of internal fixation and external skeletal fixation using PMMA might be better option to treat raptors with comminuted fracture that results from mostly trauma of hit-by-car.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.297-309
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• 1990

Ginseng is renowned for both its medicinal and herbal uses and successful cultivation of Panax ginseng in Asia and Panax Vtiinvtiefolilim in North America has until recently taken place in the native geographical ranges of the plants. As a consequence of the potential high capital return and anticipated increases in consumer consumption, commercial cultivation of American ginseng now occurs well outside the native range of the plant in North America. In fact, the region of greatest expansion of cultivation is in the semi-arid interior region of British Columbia, Canada. Linked with this expansion is the potential domination of the ginseng industry by agricultural corporations. In the interior of British Columbia, the native decidous forest environment of eastern North America is simulated with elevated polypropylene shade and a sllrface covering of straw mulch. The architecture of these environments is designed to permit maximillm machinery useage and to minimize labour requirements. Further, with only a four-year growth cycle, plant densities in the gardens are high. In this hot, semiarid environment, producers believe they have a competitive advantage over other regions in North America because of the low precipitation rates. This helps to minimize atmospheric humidity such that the conditions for fungal disease development are reduced. If soil moisture levels become limited, supplemental water can be provided by irrigation. The nature of the radiation and energy balance regimes of the shade and much environment promotes high soil moistilre levels. Also, the modified environment reduces soil heating. This can result in an aerial environment for the plant that is stressful and a rooting zone environment that is sub-optimal. The challenge of further refining the man modified environment for enhanced plant growth and health still remains.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.208-212
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• 2016

Background: Outdoor workers are at risk of high ultraviolet radiation exposure, and may have difficulty using sun protection. The objectives were to determine the prevalence of sun protection behaviors in a sample of outdoor construction workers, and to assess which factors predict better sun protection practices. Methods: Participants were recruited via construction unions. Workers answered a questionnaire on demographics, skin cancer risk, sun protection behaviors, and job. Sun protection behavior scores (from questions on sunscreen use, sleeved shirt, hat, shade seeking, sunglasses) were calculated by converting Likert-scale answers to scores from 0 to 4, and taking the mean (separately for work and leisure). Determinants of sun protection behavior scores were examined for work and leisure using generalized linear models. Results: Seventy-seven workers had complete questionnaire data (participation 98%). Sun protection behaviors used most often were hats (79% often/always) and sleeved shirts (82% often/always); least prevalent were shade-seeking (8% often/always) and sunscreen (29% often/always). For both work and leisure scores, the strongest predictor was skin type, with fairer-skinned individuals having higher sun protection behavior scores. Workers had higher scores at work than on weekends. Workplaces that required hats and sleeved shirts for safety purposes had higher protection behavior scores. Conclusion: This high-participation rate cohort helps characterize sun protection behaviors among outdoor workers. Workers practiced better sun protection at work than on weekends, suggesting that workplace policies supportive of sun protection could be useful for skin cancer prevention in the construction industry.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.273-281
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• 2011

Objectives: Studies examining healthcare workers' exposure to antineoplastic drugs have focused on the drug preparation or drug administration areas. However, such an approach has probably underestimated the overall exposure risk as the drugs need to be delivered to the facility, transported internally and then disposed. The objective of this study is to determine whether drug contamination occurs throughout a facility and, simultaneously, to identify those job categories that are potentially exposed. Methods: This was a multi-site study based in Vancouver, British Columbia. Interviews were conducted to determine the departments where the drugs travel. Subsequent site observations were performed to ascertain those surfaces which frequently came into contact with antineoplastic drugs and to determine the job categories which are likely to contact these surfaces. Wipe samples were collected to quantify surface contamination. Results: Surface contamination was found in all six stages of the hospital medication system. Job categories consistently found to be at risk of exposure were nurses, pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, and pharmacy receivers. Up to 11 job categories per site may be at risk of exposure at some point during the hospital medication system. Conclusion: We found drug contamination on select surfaces at every stage of the medication system, which indicates the existence of an exposure potential throughout the facility. Our results suggest that a broader range of workers are potentially exposed than has been previously examined. These results will allow us to develop a more inclusive exposure assessment encompassing all healthcare workers that are at risk throughout the hospital medication system.