• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2002

The hydropurification reaction of CTA (crude terephthalic acid) was carried out with hydrogen over PdRu/CCM (carbon-carbonaceous composite material) catalyst in a batch reactor at high temperature. The first order kinetics of hydropurification is confirmed with the linear dependence of ln(4-CBA; 4-carboxybenzaldehyde) with reaction time. The reaction condition studied is thought to represent the hydropurification well because of the linear dependence of catalytic activity on the catalyst weight. The p-toluic acid (p-tol) in solid and liquid increases with the conversion of reaction or the decrease of 4-CBA. However, the benzoic acid (BA) concentration does not depend much on the conversion. The AT (alkali transmittance) does not depend on the 4-CBA when the concentration is higher than about 0.2% which shows the 4-CBA, in itself, does not cause the coloring effect. The AT of PTA depends inversely with the concentration of 4-CBA when the 4-CBA is less than about 0.15%. This may show the coloring materials are removed in parallel with the hydrogenation of 4-CBA. The (0.3%Pd-0.2%Ru)/CCM shows larger residual catalytic activity than a commercial catalyst, 0.5%Pd/C, after using in a commercial reactor even though the former has smaller fresh activity than the latter. The palladium and ruthenium in PdRu/CCM show the synergetic effect in activity when the ruthenium concentration is about $0.2{\sim}0.35$ wt%. It may be supposed that the PdRu/CCM catalyst can be a promising candidate to replace the commercial Pd/C catalyst.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.75-96
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• 2000

Modern clothing is approached in the level of art, and it becomes the means of expressing individuality in modern society uniformed by the development of information society. In this modern society, modern men need the recovery of humanity and expectations of handcrafted skills for the succession of tradition culture. Prior to expressing individuality, we should examine our traditional culture and combine it with western culture. Quit started to be used for practical purpose such as life items, but it is expanded to the fields of art. Used in dress and its ornaments design, quilt is often applied to the addition of aesthetic factors or cubic material feelings by transforming its warming effect. Hereby, this study has a purpose to create high value added modern dross and its ornaments design by expressing the modern clothing is approached in the level of art, and it becomes the means of expressing individuality roe-dimensional characteristics of quilt, and applying the color combination and the surface of butterfly wings to dress and its ornaments design. The following are the results of this study. 1. The concept of quilt started for practical purposes, but it is expanded to decoration in modern times, and it is confirmed that quilt can be variously applied to handcrafted modern design. 2. Quilt removes the plane character of textile and it riches the three-dimensional material of dress and its ornaments. Applying these characteristics, the expression of transparent wings were possible with 3 transparent layers of textile. 3. The spledid color of butterfly wings are expressed by coloring oganza and felt, and the various colors of felt showed rich color gradation. 4. The form and pattern of butterfly wings are applied as modeling form and line, and the transformation. repetition and expansion of unit forms determined the form of quilting lines. By designing the characteristics of back wings for the composition line of clothing, the form characteristics of a motif could be emphasized. 5. By using felt, oganza, Damdam yarn and ostritch feathers in expressing butterfly wings, the warm material of Linbun is felt, and the tip hair of wings are expressed by croche techniques using Damdam yarn.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.749-754
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• 2009

HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) is a hydrophilic material which is broadly used for ophthalmologic purposes and especially in the manufacture of soft contact lenses. Also, the oxygen transmissibility (Dk/t) is a very important physical characteristic in the evaluation of a material’s adequacy to be used to produce contact lenses. This study used HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), MMA (methylmethacrylate), NVP (Nvinyl-pyrrolidone), the cross-linker EGDMA (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) for copolymerization, and measured the oxygen transmissibility of the central and peripheral areas of the manufactured general and color contact lenses using the polarographic method. The measurement showed that the decreased amount of oxygen transmissibility of the central and peripheral areas of the contact lenses measured using the polarographic method range between 40.77% and 49.13%, and the oxygen transmissibility of the color contact lens showed a larger decrease due to the effects of the coloring materials.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.709-725
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• 2021

The study focused on the design features of Chanel and Fendi, directed by Carl Lagerfeld, creative director of Chanel and Fendi until his recent death. The range of the study was from the 2017 S/S Collection to the 2019 F/W Collection, which collected a total of 767 fashion photographs, including 483 Chanel, 284 Fendi, with tops, bottoms and dresses at VOGUE (https://www.vogue.com). According to the data analysis criteria organized based on prior research and related literature, it was classified in the order of form, color, material, pattern, decoration, fashion image, item and coordination, and content analysis was conducted based on statistical analysis. Overall, the design characteristics of the Chanel collection, directed by Karl Lagerfeld, were rectangle form, tone in tone coloring, combination of identical materials, geometric patterns, and classical images as the main design characteristics of the Chanel collection. The design characteristics shown in the Fendi collection directed by Karl Lagerfeld were rectangle form, tone in tone coloration, hard material combination, abstract pattern, and total coordination. Comparing the design features of Chanel and Fendi, directed by Karl Lagerfeld, is as follows. Chanel and Fendi's designs show a lot of rectangle form, tone-in-tone colors, hard-materials and combination of the same material.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.268-275
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• 2017

As the substitute of synthetic coloring materials for hair dyeing, we selected some natural ones of three primary colors such as sappan wood, logwood(red), gardenia blue(blue) and amur cork tree(yellow). Mixed colorants and metallic mordanting technique were used to widen the color space of dyed samples. In view of similarity in morphological and chemical structure, wool was adopted as the reference material for human hair to evaluate the color properties of hair dyeing. The color properties of the dyed samples were evaluated by using CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ and Munsell color systems. The addition of an alum or ferrous mordants was effective to expand the color space of hair and to increase the colorfastness to washing and light more than the rating of 1. Displaying the dyed samples by using Munsell color system, better linearity of hue values between the dyed samples of wool and human hair was shown when alum mordant was used.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.4 no.3 s.9
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• pp.18-24
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• 2006

Hair is the part of body which expresses man into more manlike. When we create some artworks, we need the most suitable material for the artworks. Similarity, the healthy scalp hair condition and treatment are required to keep our hair clean and healthy. And the improper condition of scalp hair prohibits our hair from normal growing, proceeds the alopecia(loss of hair) and double our physical and mental stresses. The necessity of health treatment of scalp hair which was damaged by frequent permanent hair wave and hair coloring is on the rise. This study will present how to control and treat the scalp hair and will check how we feel about the necessity of scalp hair treatment. This study finally shows that people think their scalp hair conditions are not normal and chemically treated hair in spite of their natural hair. However, most people think that the scalp hair treatment is very useful to their hair and this result enables us to predict the future market of the scalp hair treatment business will be growing day by day. We need to study further not only scalp hair treatment but also prevention stage in order to keep the healthy hair and will check how we feel about the necessity of scalp hair treatment.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.294-302
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• 2017

In this study, latent fingermarks deposited in porous or non-porous surface was developed by cyanoacrylate fuming, and then the developed fingermark is enhanced by using Rhodamine 6G. Between water-based R6G and organic solvent-based R6G, author studied about which material have higher effectiveness in enhancing fingermark. In all seven types of surfaces depositing fingermark, water-based R6G have higher effectiveness in enhancing fingermark and lower surface coloring than organic solvent-based R6G. But because the surfaces found in crime scene have multicolor background and various quality, the additional study about various surfaces is needed.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.875-887
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• 2015

The analysis in this work is about costumes among the rhythmic gymnasts in competition, which is intended to develop designs about rhythmic gymnastics costume and provide the basic material from the results. In its research method and range, the general information on rhythmic gymnastics was reviewed in literature and the case analysis was followed about costumes of world high rankers in competition during 2012~2015 seasons. Research showed the following results. First, leotard took a shape of skirt-added one-piece type, where a combination with long tight sleeve, round neck line, and stand-up collar had a relatively higher percentage in design. With regard to a bottom line of skirt, an amorphous type was most common that highlights rhythmical beauty without any particular form. This design exposed shoulders and waists on both sides, expressing the feminine beauty. Second, in color used mainly, white appeared most frequently. In its combination, more than three were employed. Third, transparent mesh was applied as basic, where lace and chiffon were used. Abstract pattern took the highest portion in pattern. Particularly, crystal bead or gradation coloring was used to maximize the visually splendid image, giving an effect of optical illusion as if neckless clothing, choker, bracelet, or glove were worn. Fourth, it appeared that the costume for each event was changed in every season, when only music was substituted but the same earlier costume was put on for the different event.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.261-272
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• 2010

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relations between wooden toy and development of infant and young children by taking only the commercialized wooden furniture which would be suitable for the developmental area for infant and young children, among the physical environment influencing the balanced development and development for them. The recommended standard for them was the commercialized good and the only advanced toys for the development of infant and young children was primary selected, in case of different furniture for same purpose with regardless of manufacturer, country of origin and price. The selected wooden toys for development of infant and young children covered the following test conditions. They keep the soft and clean surfaces and the corners are the round-finished so safe. The dyeing and coloring are so clear like the rainbow-colored in compliance with the international safety norm, and the paint material used are harmless to the people, because they have already passed the European Safety Norm EN 71 which is the most authoritative and strict standard in the world and contained accordingly little heavy metals, toxic substances and also allergy pigment under the maximum permissible standard. The size of wooden toys are not small enough for infant and young children to be able to swallow and this is important check point, because infants tend to feel the object in their own touching and therefore to have everything to the lip. The paint used was the toys-oriented goods and proved by the test regarding saliva and sweat.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.73-80
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• 1998

This Study was performed to get the suitable oil dispersion agent by assessment of color strength of organic pigment in non-aqueous systems. Organic pigment is used as a color expression material with other body pigments in the make-up products. But occasionally aggregation or agglomeration occurs for the lack of affinity with medium, This function is the cause of disturbing homogeneous dispersion, and then bring about an instability of products. Our study, research of dispersion mechanism between the pigment and oil phase, has been executed to solve this problem, and find a oil dispersion agent having optimum dispersion condition. Generally dispersion is related to between the solid-liquid mutual properties and electrical phenomena associated with solid-liquid interface. This factor is determined to input energy, milling time, optical properties, particle size, rheological properties, etc. Ideal dispersion state is told that coloring primary solid particle is homogeneously dispersed in medium. Good dispersed colorants are strongly and clearly appeared. We are already known that the particle size of organic pigment, chemical properties and viscosity of medium, refractive index. Consequently We determine the affinity of medium and organic pigment by measuring of color strength in the same mechanical condition. UV-VISIBLE RECORDING SPECTRO PHOTOMETER is used for measuring apparatus. We can decided the dispersion level of oil dispersion agent by measuring absorbance of color strength in the visible range that diluted medium for colloid colorant particles.