• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.3687-3690
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• 2014

MicroRNA 200c is a microRNA 200 family member that plays an important role in regulation of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The prognostic value of microRNA 200c in solid tumors remains controversial because of inconsistent data. Here, we report a meta-analysis of the association of microRNA 200c expression and survival in patients with solid tumors. Pubmed was searched up to November 2013 for studies investigating microRNA 200c expression and overall survival (OS) in solid tumors. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for OS were extracted from each study. Pooled HR and CIs were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effects models. A total of five studies evaluating colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer and endometrial cancer were included in the analysis. Data were divided into tissue microRNA 200c expression group and serum microRNA 200c expression group. The combined HRs [95%CIs] estimated for OS were 0.62 [0.42-0.91] and 2.16 [1.32-3.52] respectively. Low expression of microRNA 200c in tumor tissue and high expression of microRNA 200c in serum are associated with worse survival in solid tumors. Further study is needed to elucidate this contradiction.

• 한국전자현미경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1994.05a
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• pp.19-20
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• 1994

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.279-282
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• 2012

Background: Although more than two third of colorectal cancers are localized on the left side, recent studies suggest a right ward shift in anatomical distribution with increase in proximal colon cancers. The aim of the present study was to determine the anatomical distribution of colorectal cancer in a referral center over a 15 year period. Method: Records of patients who underwent colectomy in the Cancer Institute of Iran from 1994 to 2009 were retrieved. Data including anatomical localization, year of diagnosis, patient age and gender, tumor histology and differentiation, and disease stage were extracted. Tumors located from the cecum to the distal transverse colon were classified as right side and those occurring from the splenic flexure to the descending colon as left-sided. Cancer of rectum and recto-sigmoid junction were considered as rectal cancers. Results: A total of 442 patients including 220 (49/8%) men and 222 (50/2%) women with mean age 53 were included. Most patients were in stage II &III (47.1% and 33% respectively). There were 157 (35.5 %) colon cancers and 285 (64.5%) rectal cancers. 43.3% of the colon cancers were right sided and 56.7% were left sided. There was no statistically significant increase in right sided cancer during the period of the study. There were no significant differences in age at diagnosis, gender, grade and stage of tumor between the right and the left sided cancers. Conclusion: No proximal shift over time was identified in our study.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.128-133
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• 2015

Although coffee is known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties, there have been few reports about the effect and mechanism of coffee compounds in colorectal cancer. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that prevent cell death. Their expression is significantly elevated in many tumors and is accompanied by increased cell proliferation, metastasis and poor response to chemotherapy. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity of four bioactive compounds in coffee, namely, caffeine, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and kahweol, in HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Only kahweol showed significant cytotoxicity. Specifically, kahweol increased the expression of caspase-3, a pro-apoptotic factor, and decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic factors, such as Bcl-2 and phosphorylated Akt. In addition, kahweol significantly attenuated the expression of HSP70. Inhibition of HSP70 activity with triptolide increased kahweol-induced cytotoxicity. In contrast, overexpression of HSP70 significantly reduced kahweol-induced cell death. Taken together, these results demonstrate that kahweol inhibits colorectal tumor cell growth by promoting apoptosis and suppressing HSP70 expression.

• BMB Reports
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.171-177
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• 2006

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as indomethacin (IN) can exert anti-colorectal cancer (CRC) activity through cyclooxygenase independent mechanism, but the exactly biological mechanism is not completely known. Here we use proteomic tools to investigate the molecular mechanism of this action. First, nude mice bearing tumors derived from subcutaneous injection with human CRC cell line HCT116 were randomly allocated to groups treated with or without indomethacin. Later, tumor lumps were incised and then total proteins extracted. After separated with two-dimensional electrophoresis, thirty-one differently expressed spots were found between IN-treated and non-IN-treated groups, of which 25 spots decreased and 6 spots increased in abundance in IN-treated group. Through matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry and then NCBInr and SWISS-PROT databases searching, 12 protein spots were finally identified including galectin-1, annexin A1, annexin IV, trancription factor BTF3A, calreticulin. Most of the identified proteins are correlated with tumor's biological prosperities of proliferation, invasion, apoptosis and immunity, or take part in cell's signal transduction. From above we thought that indomethacin can exert its effect on colorectal cancer through regulating several proteins' expression directly or indirectly. Further study of these proteins may be helpful in founding new targets of drugs for cancer chemotherapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2695-2698
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• 2012

Introduction: Design and implementation of screening programs in each country must be based on epidemiological data. Despite the relatively high incidence of CRC, there is no nationwide comprehensive program for screening in Iran. This study was designed to investigate national CRC data and help to determine guidelines for screening. Methods: Incidence data used in this study were obtained from Iranian annual of National Cancer Registration report. Age standardized rates (ASR)were calculated using world standard population and were categorized by age, sex, anatomic subsite and morphology of tumor. Data were analyzed using SPSS.V.13 and Open Source Epidemiologic Statistics for Public Health software (OpenEpi v.2.3.1). Results: A quarter of cases were less than 50 years of age. The majority of tumors were detected in the colon. The overall ASR in the four years period was 38.0 per 100000 and was higher for men compared women (P<0.05). Incidence rate of colorectal cancer increased with age. Conclusion: Results of present study indicated that incidence of colorectal cancer is relatively high in Iran. Incidence of CRC in people under 50 years and in rectum were reported higher than other countries that related etiologic factors should be investigate in further studies. According to the increasing of ASR after age 50 years, it seems that onset of screening at age 50 would be appropriate.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2795-2798
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• 2012

Objective: This study is conducted to evaluate the effects of anti-HER-2${\times}$anti-CD3 bi-specific antibodies(BsAb) on HER-2/neuover-expressing human colorectal carcinoma cells. Methods: Growth was assessed by MTT assays after exposure of HCT-116 cells to Herceptin, anti-CD3 and BsAb antibodies. Immunocytochemistry was applied to test the HER-2 level of HCT-116. In a nude mouse model, HER-2${\times}$CD3 BsAb was combined with effector cells (peripheral blood lymph cells from normal human being) for observations on in Vivo growth of tumors. Results: Compared with the control group, using effector cells combined with anti-CD3 McAb, Herceptin or HER2${\times}$CD3 BsAb, tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo was significantly inhibited (P<0.05), most remarkably in the HER2${\times}$CD3 BsAb case. The growth of xenografts with HER2${\times}$CD3 BsAb combined with effector cells was also significantly inhibited when compared with the anti-CD3 McAb or Herceptin groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: HER-2/neu might be a useful target for immunotherapy in colorectal carcinoma, anti-HER2${\times}$anti-CD3 BsAb exerting clear anti-tumor effects.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.3133-3137
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• 2014

Background: To determine the histopathological pattern of colorectal cancer (CRC) among Saudi patients with a view to determine various epidemiological and histopathological features of the disease. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively collected and analyzed the demographic and histopathological data of all the patients with CRC diagnosed at King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia over a period of 8 years from January 2006 to December 2013. Results: Of 324 cases of CRC reviewed, 200 cases (61.7%) were males while 124 cases (38.3%) were females giving a male to female ratio of 1.6: 1. Age of the patients ranged from 20 to 100 years with a mean age 57.9 years. The rectosigmoid region was the most frequent anatomical site (13.6%) involved and adenocarcinoma (88.6%) was the most common histopathological type. The majority of adenocarcinomas (87.3%) were moderately differentiated. A total of 47.8% of patients were in stage B and 43.5% of patients were in stage C of the Aster-Coller classification. Most patients (75.7%) presented with large size tumors. Lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastasis were recorded in 67.9% and 43.6% of cases, respectively. Conclusions: Colorectal cancer is common in our environment and the majority of patients present late with an advanced stage. Screening programs regarding CRC should be enhanced to improve the outcome of the patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2319-2324
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• 2012

Aim: To investigate the expression of three components of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway (SHH, SMO and GLI1) in human colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and evaluate their association with clinicopathologic characteristics of the patients. Methods: Fresh tumor tissues and matched tissues adjacent to the tumor were collected from 43 CRC patients undergoing surgery. Normal colorectal tissues from 20 non-CRC cases were also sampled as normal controls. The expression of SHH, SMO, GLI1 mRNAs was assessed by RT-PCR and proteins were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Associations with clinicopathological characteristics of patients were analyzed. Results: SHH mRNA was expressed more frequently in tumor tissues than in normal tissues, but the difference did not reach significance in comparison to that in the adjacent tissues. SMO and GLI1 mRNAs were expressed more frequently in tumor tissues than in both adjacent andnormal tissues. The expression intensities of SHH, SMO, GLI1 mRNA in tumor tissues were significantly higher than those in adjacent tissues and normal tissues. Proteins were also detected more frequently in tumors than other tissues. No significant links were apparent with gender, age, location, degree of infiltration or Dukes stage. Conclusion: Positive rates and intensities of mRNA and protein expression of Hh signaling pathway related genes SHH, SMO, GLI1 were found to be significantly increased in CRC tissues. However, over-expression did not appear to be associated with particular clinicopathological characteristics.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.14
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• pp.5941-5944
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• 2014

Purpose: To highlight the potential factors that could predict the response rate of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated with pemetrexed combined chemotherapy after first- or second-line chemotherapy using the FOLFOX regimen. Materials and Methods: Between January 2007 and July 2014, 54 patients diagnosed and pathologically-confirmed with advanced colorectal cancer in Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, were enrolled. They received pemetrexed at a dose of $500mg/m^2$ by 10 minute infusion on day 1, repeated every 3 weeks. Doses were modified depending on nadir counts of blood cells. Combined chemotherapeutic agents included irinotecan, lobaplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, gemcitabine, cis-platinum or bevacizumab. Multiple variables (age, sex, hemoglobin, platinum drugs combined, metastasis sites, LDH, ALP, CEA>40 ug/ml) reported earlier were selected. We used logistic regression analysis to evaluate relationships between these and tumor response. Results: On multivariable analysis, we found that age was significant in predicting the responsiveness to pemetrexed (p<0.05) combined with oxaliplatin. We did not find any other factors which were significantly associated with the response rate to chemotherapy with pemetrexed and irinotecan. Conclusions: By multivariate analysis, we found that age had significant impact on the responsiveness of pemetrexed when combined with oxaliplatin. Additional research based on genomic properties of host and tumors are needed to clarify markers for better selection of patients who could benefit from pemetrexed combined chemotherapy.