• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.471-483
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• 2014

Purpose: This study explored possible risk factors influencing the development of colorectal cancer by comparing life habits of colorectal cancer patients and healthy adults. Methods: The study was designed as a retrospective comparison survey study of the colorectal cancer patient group and healthy adult group. 107 colorectal cancer patients in a university hospital and 124 healthy adults were recruited from October 2011 to August 2012. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$-test/t-test and logistic regression with the SPSS program. Results: Consumption of instant food products, lower stress management, burned meats and unhealthy eating habits were shown to be risk factors in development of colorectal cancer. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study comparing colorectal cancer patients and healthy adults, minimizing consumption of instant food products, development of healthy eating habits of consuming more vegetables, cooking meat slightly, and effective management of stress levels are recommended.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.470-476
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• 2017

Changes in the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling proteins have been observed in many types of cancer. Accordingly, these proteins have recently become an exciting new target for molecular therapeutics. This study examined the expression of an activated mTOR signaling protein in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRAC) and colorectal adenoma lesion. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on human CRAC and adenoma for the mTOR signaling components, including mTOR, phosphorylation, and activation of S6 kinase (p70-S6K), S6 ribosomal protein (S6), and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein (4EBP1). A total of 100 cases with colorectal adenocarcinoma (CARC; N=40), adenoma with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasms (HIN; N=30), and adenoma with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasms (LIN; N=30) were enrolled in this study. p-mTOR expression was observed in 30 cases of the CRAC tissues (75%), 9 cases of adenoma with HIN (30%), and 2 cases of adenoma with LIN (7%). In addition, p-S6 expression was observed in 22 cases of CRAC tissues (55%), 8 cases of adenoma with HIN (27%), and 3 cases of adenoma with LIN (10%). A significant correlation was observed among the p-mTOR, p-S6 expression, and the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Interestingly, the p-S6 protein was activated more in early CRAC than in advanced CRAC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.1761-1766
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• 2012

Background: The appropriate interval between negative colonoscopy screenings is uncertain, but the numbers of advanced neoplasms 10 years after a negative result are generally low. We aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of colorectal neoplasm screening and management based on repeat screening colonoscopy every 10 years or single colonoscopy, compared with no screening in the general population. Methods and materials: A state-transition Markov model simulated 100,000 individuals aged 50-80 years accepting repeat screening colonoscopy every 10 years or single colonoscopy, offered to every subject. Colorectal adenomas found during colonoscopy were removed by polypectomy, and the subjects were followed with surveillance every three years. For subjects with a normal result, colonoscopy was resumed within ten years in the repeat screening strategy. In single screening strategy, screening process was terminated. Direct costs such as screening tests, cancer treatment and costs of complications were included. Indirect costs were excluded from the model. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the different screening strategies. Results: Assuming a first-time compliance rate of 90%, repeat screening colonoscopy and single colonoscopy can reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer by 65.8% and 67.2% respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for single colonoscopy (49 Renminbi Yuan [RMB]) was much lower than that for repeat screening colonoscopy (474 RMB). Single colonoscopy was a more cost-effective strategy, which was not sensitive to the compliance rate of colonoscopy and the cost of advanced colorectal cancer. Conclusion: Single colonoscopy is suggested to be the more cost-effective strategy for screening and management of colorectal neoplasms and may be recommended in China clinical practice.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.213-220
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors that influence medication adherence in colorectal cancer patients receiving oral chemotherapy. Methods: One hundred and nine colorectal cancer patients receiving oral chemotherapy were recruited in the cross-sectional survey design. A survey including medication adherence, knowledge about chemotherapy, self-efficacy, depression and symptom experience were completed. Results: The level of medication adherence was $7.38{\pm}.80$. Medication adherence showed significant differences according to perceived health status and combination of IV chemotherapy. Medication adherence was significant correlated with self-efficacy, depression and symptom experience. On stepwise regression analysis, the most important factors related to the medication adherence were symptom experience, perceived health status and combination of IV chemotherapy. These variables explained 17% of medication adherence. Conclusion: The level of medication adherence in colorectal cancer patients receiving oral chemotherapy was relatively high. It is important to develop nursing intervention for medication adherence in colorectal cancer patients that focus on symptom experience and to consider about perceived health status and combination of IV chemotherapy.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.545-553
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• 2018

Purpose: The increasing survival rate of colorectal cancer demands various nursing interventions and continuous care for patients to adapt to their psychosocial daily lives. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with psychosocial adjustment in colorectal cancer survivors. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study with face-to-face interviews was conducted of 156 colorectal cancer survivors after surgery visiting an outpatient cancer clinic at a tertiary hospital in S city, Korea. Posttraumatic growth, health-promoting behavior, length of treatment, difficulty in activities of daily living, and having a stoma were entered into the linear regression model. Results: The strongest factor influencing the level of psychosocial adjustment was health-promoting behavior (${\beta}=.33$, p<.001), followed by difficulty in activities of daily living (${\beta}=-.24$, p=.001), posttraumatic growth (${\beta}=.20$, p=.004), and having a stoma (${\beta}=-.19$, p=.004). Conclusion: Nursing interventions for psychosocial adjustment in colorectal cancer survivors need to include the contents for posttraumatic growth, as well as health-promoting behavior, and activities of daily living.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 2023

Dietary habits play a significant role in the development of colorectal cancer. Over the past decades, various epidemiological and meta-studies have indicated a close relationship among nutrient intake, dietary habits, and incidence of colorectal cancer. Less consumption of red or processed meat and alcohol, if possible, and high consumption of vitamins B and D, garlic, magnesium, fiber, calcium, and omega-3 fatty acids reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. Additionally, balanced diet intake and proper weight maintenance are crucial for colon cancer prevention. All these factors are modifiable and associated with the recurrence and overall survival after cancer development, thereby greatly contributing to the nutritional treatment of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.283-293
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• 2017

Objectives: The objective of the present study was to compare prognosis of patients with gastric or colorectal cancer according to places where they received surgeries. Methods: The cancer patients underwent surgeries in sampled hospitals located in Daegu were matched 1:1 to the patients who visited sampled hospitals in Seoul using propensity score method. After the occurrences of death were examined, Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis and the log-rank test was performed to compare the survival curves. Results: A total of six out of 291 gastric cancer patients who had surgeries in Daegu died (2.1%) and ten deaths (3.4%) occurred from patients went Seoul hospitals. Out of 84 gastric cancer patients who had chemotherapy after surgeries in Daegu, 13 (15.5%) patients died while 18 (21.4%) deaths occurred among patients underwent surgeries in Seoul. Six deaths (6.9%) out of 87 colorectal cancer patients who had surgeries in Daegu were reported. Five patients (5.7%) died among the patients underwent surgeries in Seoul. Among the colorectal cancer patients with chemotherapy after surgeries, 13 patients (12.4%) who visited hospitals in Daegu and 14 (13.3%) patients who used medical centers in Seoul died. There were no significant differences according to places where patients used medical services. Conclusions: The result of this study is expected to be used as basic data for policy making to resolve centralization problem of cancer patients and to help patients to make rational choices in selection of medical centers.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 2002

Objectives : A hospital-based case-control study was conducted to evaluate the role of obesity in the development of colorectal cancer. Methods : Three hundred and twenty four histologically confirmed female colorectal cancer cases and 26,998 non-cancer controls were selected from patients invited to the Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan between 1989 and 1995. Information concerning demographic factors, medical history, family medical history, reproductive factors and dietary factors were obtained from self-administered questionnaires and medical records. The effects of weight and body mass index to colorectal cancer were examined using multiple logistic regression to control for other risk factors. Results : There was no significant association between female colorectal cancer and obesity. Heavier weight adjusted for height or body mass index did not increase the risk of colorectal cancer. Conclusions : These results suggest that there is no association between colorectal cancer risk and obesity in women.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.17-20
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• 2016

Colorectal cancer is the 2^nd most common cancer in men, and the 3^rd most common cancer in women in Korea. This incidence has been increasing steadily since the data analysis began in 1999. Guidelines from many countries including Korea recommend annual or biennial fecal occult blood test as a national colorectal cancer screening program, however, colonoscopy, stool DNA test, double contrast barium enema, and sigmoidoscopy are recommended in some countries. I will summarize the Korean National Screening Guideline for colorectal cancer revised by multi-society expert committee in Korea last year. They recommend annual or biennial fecal immunochemical test between 45 and 80 year-old asymptomatic average risk people. Selective use of colonoscopy is recommended, taking into consideration of individual preference and the risk of colorectal cancer. There is no evidence for the risks or benefits of double contrast barium enema or computed tomographic colonography for colorectal cancer screening.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.124-152
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to ascertain what should be considered in the "Guideline for Clinical Trials with Herbal Medicinal Products for Colorectal Cancer" by analyzing the existing guidelines and clinical trials. Methods: The development committee searched guidelines for herbal medicinal products for colorectal cancer that have already been developed. Then, clinical trials for colorectal cancer using herbal medicine were searched. The searched trials were analyzed in terms of inclusion and exclusion of participants, intervention, comparator, outcomes and trial design. Then, we compared the results of our analysis with the regulations and guidelines of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in order to identify the issues we will have to consider when making the "Guideline for Clinical Trials with Herbal Medicinal Products for Colorectal Cancer". Several guidelines for anti-tumor agents and clinical trials with herbal medicinal products were searched on the national institution homepage. In addition, 12 articles were searched using a combination of the following search terms: 'colorectal neoplasms', 'herbal medicine', 'Medicine, Korean traditional', 'Medicine, Chinese Traditional', 'medicine, East Asian medicine', 'medicine, Kampo', etc. Results: The characteristics of participants were various, such as people with medical histories of surgeries or recurrent cancers or who complained of chemotherapy-induced side effects. The types of interventions were also various and included decoctions, powders, intravenous fluids, intraperitoneal injections and gargles. Comparators used included placebos and conventional treatments. The outcome measurements used in the studies were quality of life, symptom score, tumor response, and survival duration, etc. Safety was evaluated by recording adverse events. Conclusions: Findings were made by reviewing existing guidelines and comparing them with clinical trials for colorectal cancer and herbal medicinal products. These results will be utilized in the development of the "Guideline for Clinical Trials with Herbal Medicinal Products for Colorectal Cancer".