• Title/Summary/Keyword: Color-Sugar Contents

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Quality Characteristics of Doenjang by Aging Period (전통 된장의 숙성 기간에 따른 감각·화학적 품질특성)

  • Ku, Kyung-Hyung;Park, Kyungmin;Kim, Hyun Jung;Kim, Yoonsook;Koo, Minseon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.43 no.5
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    • pp.720-728
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    • 2014
  • In order to characterize the quality of Doenjang, fermented Korean soybean paste, subjected to long-term aging, this study performed physico-chemical analyses and sensory evaluation according to aging period (from 1 to 9 years). Regarding the proximate composition of Doenjang according to aging period, moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, crude ash, and salt contents showed little differences among Doenjang samples. Amino-type nitrogen content was 1,046.7 mg% in the 1 year-aged sample, 990.9~996.9 mg% in the 2~5 year-aged samples, and 1,214.1~1,304.8 mg% in the samples fermented more than 5 years. ${\Delta}$E value, reflecting total color differences between the samples, increased according to aging period. Ratios of linoleic and linolenic acids, which are essential fatty acids in soybeans, constituted 55% of total fatty acids, which was the most abundant among all fatty acids. The major free sugar in Doenjang was fructose at a content of 1.6~2.2% in 1~9 year-aged Doenjang. Glycoside form of isoflavones in Meju constituted 77.1%, and the aglycon form constituted 22.9%. However, the glycoside type of isoflavones in soybeans was converted to aglycon type in Doenjang through fermentation and aging. In the sensory evaluation of Doenjang samples, brown color, salt smell, soy sauce flavor, and viscosity all increased according to aging period, whereas sweet flavor, roast smell, beany flavor, salty taste, and acrid taste showed no significant differences. In cluster analysis of the sensory attributes of Doenjang according to aging period, 1 year-aged Doenjang was significantly different between 2 year- and 3~5 year-aged Doenjang.

Development of Rose Sparkling Wine with Reed Root Extracts (갈대 뿌리 추출물을 첨가한 로제 스파클링 와인 개발)

  • Bing, Dong-Joo;Kim, Han-Jin;Lee, Oh-Seuk;Chun, Soon-Sil
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.666-675
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    • 2015
  • This study was carried out to develop rose sparkling wine with reed root. To make the base wine with reed root extracts, we first blended wild grape wine with reed root extracts (1:9 v/v) and fermented the mixture for 14 days at $20^{\circ}C$. The pH of the control and the rose base wine with reed root extract (RWE) decreased with increasing fermentation time, but acidity showed the opposite behavior. The control and RWE had $7.33^{\circ}Brix$, and $6.90^{\circ}Brix$, respectively at 14 days, with higher sugar content in the control than in RWE. The alcohol content increased as the fermentation progressed and was higher in RWE than in the control at 14.20% and, 13.83%, respectively. Regarding the color, the lightness decreased as the fermentation progressed. The total polyphenol contents of the control and RWE were 29.19 mg/100 mL and, 34.97 mg/100 mL. The flavonoids decreased as the fermentation progressed. The ABTS radical scavenging activity of the control and RWE were 44.26% and, 64.37% while the DPPH radical scavenging activity showed similar results in the control and RWE. In the second test, we added RWE to base wine, because yeast rearing was inhibited at 14% alcohol content. We made sparkling rose wine with 4 strains and fermented the wine for 8 days at $20^{\circ}C$. The pH of the samples decreased with increasing fermentation time, but the acidity showed the opposite behavior. The $^{\circ}Brix$ decreased and the alcohol content increased with increasing fermentation time. The pressure in sample A was $4.30kgf/cm^2$ at 8 days which was the highest in the samples. In the sensory evaluation, the color, flavor, softness and overall acceptability of the control was higher than the other samples. In conclusion, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Vitilevure Quartz was overall the most suitable rose sparkling wine.

The Effect of Heating time on the Quality of Short Necked Clam Stock (가열시간이 바지락 육수 품질에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi, Eun-Joo;Kim, Dong-Seok;Bae, Gum-Kwang;Choi, Soo-Keun
    • Culinary science and hospitality research
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.65-78
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    • 2014
  • This study was aimed to develop short necked clam stock, which is the base of sauce, soup, etc., using various nourishing elements in short necked clams. In short necked clam stock with different heating times, the moisture content was significantly different (p < 0.05). For the color value of short necked clam stock, L value was the highest in S1(31.15), while the highest a value was found in S5(-0.36) and the highest b value in S5(0.67). pH was the lowest as 7.35 in S5. When heating time increased, pH decreased significantly (p < 0.001). The sugar content was the highest as $3.30^{\circ}Brix$ in S5 and the lowest as $2.63^{\circ}Brix$ in S1. The salinity content was the lowest as 0.73% in S1, and it increased significantly(p < 0.001) with increased heating time. Na was the highest among the mineral contents and the highest K, Mg, Ca, Fe contents were found in S5 heated for 60 mins. Twenty one kinds of free amino acid were detected in short necked clams. The highest essential amino acid content was arginine, the highest flavor enhancing free amino acid was glycine, and the highest derivative amino acid was taurine. The test for characteristic differences of short necked clam stock showed that savory taste and savory flavor of S4 heated for 50 mins were the highest. According to the results of acceptance test, S3 showed the best results. In conclusion, short necked clam stock showed great preference with increased heating time, and the preference has increased when it was simmered for 35~40 mins.

Quality Characteristic of Glasswort (Salicornia herbacea L.) Fermented by Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis를 이용하여 발효시킨 퉁퉁마디(Salicornia herbacea L.)의 품질 특성)

  • Park, In-Bae;Park, Jeong-Wook;Lee, Young-Jae;Shin, Gung-Won;Kim, Hae-Seop;Jo, Yeong-Cheol
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.38 no.7
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    • pp.902-908
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    • 2009
  • In this study, we investigated the quality of glasswort (Salicornia herbacea L.) fermented by Bacillus subtilis at $37^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours. We determined the changes in temperature, the contents of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, carbohydrate, solid content, pH, Brix, salinity, free amino acid, Hunter's color value, electron donating ability (EDA) activities and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. The contents of crude protein, crude fat, crude ash and carbohydrate after fermentation to mixing ratio of glasswort were $10.45{\sim}30.18%$, $11.69{\sim}19.26%$, $17.65{\sim}25.56%$ and $21.01{\sim}59.10%$ (dry basis), respectively. The solid content, pH, sugar and salinity of fermented glasswort were $39.56{\sim}52.25%$, $6.01{\sim}6.71$, $1.2{\sim}1.7$ Brix and $0.3{\sim}0.6%$, respectively. Total amino acid level of the fermented glasswort was $447.57{\sim}668.89\;mg$/100 g, and was the highest in glasswort mixed with rice bran at a ratio of 1 (w) : 1 (w). Moreover, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid, alanine, valine, $\beta$-aminoisobutyric acid, lysine and arginine were the main free amino acids. EDA activities and ACE inhibition after fermentation were $46.66{\pm}1.21{\sim}50.87{\pm}1.84%$ and $96.77{\pm}1.23{\sim}97.56{\pm}1.23%$, respectively.

Characteristics and Antioxidant Activities of Rehmanniae radix Powder (지황 및 숙지황 분말의 품질 및 항산화 특성)

  • Oh, Hye Lim;Kim, Cho Rong;Kim, Na Yeon;Jeon, Hye Lyun;Doh, Eun Soo;Kim, Mee Ree
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.42 no.1
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    • pp.62-67
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    • 2013
  • This study was carried out to investigate the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of Rehmanniae radix (Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. var. purpurea Makino) freeze-dried powder (RRP) and Rehmanniae radix preparata powder (RRPP). Under the Hunter color system, redness was higher and lightness/yellowness lower in RRPP, compared to RRP. The reducing sugar contents of RRP and RRPP were 0.8% and 6.0%, respectively (p<0.05). The pH was lower in the RRPP (RRP: 6.71, RRPP: 4.23). The amount of catalpol amount in RRPP (47.20 mg/mL) was lower than RRP (144.90 mg/mL). RRPP contained high amounts of 5-HMF (5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde, 47,231 mg/mL), but 5-HMF was not detected in RRP. Total phenol contents of RRP and RRPP were 2.10 mg/mL and 3.66 mg/mL, respectively. FRAP values of RRP and RRPP were 0.51 mg/mL and 1.99 mg/mL, respectively. The antioxidant activities by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of RRPP were much higher than RRP. Based on these results, RRPP is a good candidate for food processing in terms for its physicochemical and antioxidative activities.

Studies on the Yeasts for the Brewing of Soy sauce(Part 7) -Industrial utilization of Saccharomyces rouxii $T_9$ in the brewing of soy sauce- (간장발효에 관여하는 효모에 관한 연구 (제 7 보) -Saccharomyces rouxii $T_9$을 이 용한 간장의 발효시험-)

  • Lee, Taik-Soo;Lee, Suk-Kun;Chu, Young-Ha;Shin, Bo-Kyu
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.121-129
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    • 1971
  • During the Brewing of Soy Sauce on an industrial scale, Saccharomyces rouxii $T_9$ was cultured and added to the soy sauce mash. The comparative experiments of soy sauce mash in non-addition and addition group of yeast were examined in this report. The yeast flora and chemical composition of Soy sauce mash through out the brewing were observed and the results obtained were as follows. (1) The number of Osmophilic yeast in one ml of soy sauce mash showed $185{\times}10^3$ 1 month after mashing and $750{\times}10^3$ 4 months after mashing in case of yeast group, while presented as $98{\times}10^3$ 1 month after mashing and $394{\times}10^3$ 4 months after mashing in case of non-yeast group. And the number of Osmphilic yeast in yeast group was twice of that in non-yeast group. (2) The number of ordinary yeast of TTC red group was shown as $2132{\times}10^3\;to\;3252 ×10^3$ 5 to 6 months after mashing in case of yeast group, while presented $752{\times}10^3\;to\;1251{\times}10^3$ in case of non-yeast group. And the yeast group was shown more than non-yeast group in ordinary, red pink and pink yeast number. (3) TTC red yeast were strongly appeared in both addition and non-addition group of yeast from 1 month after mashing to 6 months after mashing. (4) Though total nitrogen, pure extract, pH and buffer action contents of soy sauce showed similiar tendency in yeast and non-yeast group, alcohol and color density contents were highly appeared in yeast group and reducing sugar content was in non-yeast group respectively. (5) By the results of Organic function test of soy sauce mash, the difference of taste quality in yeast and non-yeast group were not evidently appeared, however, the appearance and flavour of the soy sauce were better in yeast group than in non-yeast group.

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Quality Characteristics of Factory-Style and Handmade-Style Ssamjang (공장 및 수공업 생산 쌈장의 품질 특성)

  • Kim, Seok Young;Park, Bo Ram;Yoo, Seon Mi
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.45 no.1
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    • pp.100-108
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    • 2016
  • This study investigated the quality characteristics of factory-style ssamjang (FSS) and commercial handmade-style ssamjang (HSS) products. Moisture, crude protein, and crude fat contents were significantly higher in the HSS groups (49.37~62.12%, 9.39~13.46%, and 4.40~8.35%) than the FSS groups (41.94~45.83%, 7.50~9.09%, and 1.81~3.36%). Salt content was higher in the HSS groups (6.33~11.18%) than the FSS groups (6.10~7.57%). Moreover, the average salt content (7.51%) of the HSS groups and the FSS groups was lower than that of commercial ssamjang (8.73%). Hunter's color value was also significantly higher in the FSS groups. However, free sugar, organic acid, and free amino acids contents varied greatly between the FSS groups and the HSS groups, which was likely due to the different manufacturing method, ripening degree of doenjang and the main material used for ssamjang.

Preparation and Keeping Quality of Vacuum Packed Seasoned-Dried Sardine (진공포장 정어리 조미건제품의 제조 및 품질안정성)

  • LEE Eung-Ho;KIM Jin-Soo;KIM Han-Ho;LEE Jin-Kyung;OH Kwang-Soo;KWON Chil-Sung
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.52-59
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    • 1986
  • As one of trials to process instant sardine foods which can be preserved at room temperature, three kinds of products were prepared as seasoned-dried product (control, C), liquid smoked seasoned-dried product(S) and antioxidant treated seasoned-dried product(E), and their processing conditions and quality stability during storage were examined. Raw sardines were dressed, steamed and then filleted. The sardine fillets were seasoned with the mixed seasoning solution containing $28.0\%$ of sorbitol, $14.0%$ of sugar, $5.6\%$ of table salt, $1.8\%$ of monosodium glutamate, $0.6\%$ of garlic powder and $50.0\%$ of water at $5^{\circ}C$ for 15 hours, and dipped for 45 seconds in $10\%$ Smoke-EZ solution. After liquid smoking, the seasoned and liquid smoked sardine fillets were dried at $45^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours, vacuum packed in laminated plastic film bag(polyester/casted polypropylene= $12{\mu}m/70{\mu}m,\;15{\times}16cm$), and finally pasteurized in water at $95^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes. The results obtained from chemical and microbial experiments during storage are as follows : the moisture contents, water activity and pH of the products showed little change, and VBN of them slightly increased during storage. The TBA value and POV of the products (E, S) were lower than those of control product(C) considerably. In color values, L value (linghtness) decreased while a and b value (red and yellow) revealed a tendency to increase during storage. The fatty acid composition of the products were similar to those of raw sardine, the predominant fatty acids were 16:0, 20:5, 18:1 and 22:6. The products (E, S) have a good preservative effect on highly unsturated fatty acids during storage. Viable cell counts of those products were negative and histamine contents were less than 2.0 mg/100 g. Among the texture profiles, hardness, elasticity and cohesiveness of the products slightly decreased during storage. Judging from the sensory evaluations, liquid smoked seasoned-dried product(S) was the most desirable, and the products could be preserved in good condition for 40 days at $25{\pm}3^{\circ}C$.

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Quality Characteristics of Rice Cultivars Suitable for Rice Beer (쌀맥주 가공에 적합한 품종선정을 위한 품질특성 평가)

  • Kim, Hyun-Joo;Park, Ji-Young;Lee, Seuk Ki;Park, Hye-Young;Cho, Donghwa;Choi, Hye Sun;Oh, Sea-Kwan
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.62 no.2
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    • pp.113-117
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    • 2017
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of rice cultivars (Hangaru, Seolgaeng, Dasan-1 and Anda) on the quality characteristics of rice beer. Hangaru and Seolgaeng which are soft rice varieties, had moisture contents that were 14.48% and 14.62% higher than those of Dasan-1 and Anda, respectively. Dasan-1 and Anda showed higher protein contents than those of the other two varieties. The amylose content of Hangaru was found to be 17.71% lower than that of the other varieties, whereas the reducing sugar content of Hangaru and Seolgaeng was higher than that of Dasan-1 and Anda. Hardness measurements for Hangaru and Seolgaeng were lower than those for Dasan-1 and Anda. Measurements of the alcohol content, pH and color of beers brewed using these rice cultivars revealed no significant difference among the cultivars. However, measurement results for bitterness showed that beers brewed with Hangaru and Seolgaeng had lower bitterness than did the beers brewed with Dasan-1 and Anda. The results of this study indicate that Hangaru and Seolgaeng can be considered as cultivars with brewing qualities suitable for rice beer.

Quality Characteristics of the Flesh and Juice for Different Varieties of Sweet Pumpkins (단호박의 품종에 따른 과육 및 착즙액의 품질 특성)

  • Kim, Mi-Hyang;Lee, Woo-Moon;Lee, Hee-Ju;Park, Dong-Kum;Lee, Myung-Hee;Youn, Sun-Joo
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.19 no.5
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    • pp.672-680
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    • 2012
  • To determine the characteristics of four different sweet pumpkins (Minimam, Bojjang, Ajikuroi and Kurijiman), juices were made from these varieties. The carotenoids in the flesh were 1.5~2 times higher than those in the skin and were highest in the flesh of the Minimam pumpkin among all the pumpkin varieties studied. The vitamin A contents were higher in the skin than in the flesh, and Minimam had the highest vitamin A content (2,016.57 IU/100 g) while Kurijiman had the lowest (998.83 IU/100 g). The vitamin C contents varied from 43.21 to 82.35 mg%, but there were no significant differences between the flesh and the skin. That of Kurijiman was the highest among the varieties studied. The major mineral of these varieties was potassium, which was highest in the flesh of Ajikuroi, followed by phosphorus. The antioxidant activities of the sweet pumpkin water extracts were higher in the skin than in the flesh. The $EC_{50}$ of the Minimam skin was the highest (4.01 mg/mL), and that of the Ajikuroi flesh was the lowest. The sweet pumpkin juice yields were 69.5~89.4%, with significant differences shown according to the variety. That of the peeled Ajikuroi's flesh was the highest. The pH was 7.17~7.83, and the unpeeled sweet pumpkin's pH was higher than that of the peeled sweet pumpkin. The Brix degree was $12.5{\sim}16.6^{\circ}Brix$, with that of the unpeeled Bojjang being the highest($16.1^{\circ}Brix$) and that of the unpeeled Ajikuroi the lowest ($12.7^{\circ}Brix$). The sweet pumpkin beverage made with pressed juice was adjusted by pH 3.5 with citric acid, and the Brix degree was maintained at the $12^{\circ}Brix$ with sugar. The adjusted beverage, which was the peeled pumpkin flesh juice, had suspension stability for a short time. The sweet pumpkin beverage had a certain flovor and a slimy mouthfeel. Bojjang and Kurijiman were evaluated as the best in the terms of taste and color, but the peeled Minimam and Bojjang showed the best results overall.