• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.12
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• pp.2019-2027
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• 2013

In this study, we tried to develop a coating agent for the fresh-cut fruits used in cakes. First, the coating agent mixing ratios of sugar, pectin, sodium alginate, carrageenan, xanthan gum, vitamin C, and purified water were selected to be 55, 2, 2, 0.04, 0.1, 0.05, and 40.81% (w/w), respectively. In a freeze-thaw stability of the coating agent, the viscosity remained constant for 3 cycles of freezing and thawing repetition process, but showed a slightly decreasing trend in the 4th repetition process (P<0.05). On the other hand, the sugar content, pH, and chromaticity remained constant even in the 4th repetition process. Pineapple coated with the coating agent had smaller weight loss, hardness changes, and total bacteria distribution compared to the uncoated pineapple (P<0.05). In the chromaticity, both of the two pineapples experienced browning with increasing storage duration, as L value decreases and b value increases. However, when the color difference was compared, the progress of browning for the uncoated pineapple was faster than the coated pineapple. Also, the progress of browning at $4^{\circ}C$ was found to be slower than the progress of browning at $25^{\circ}C$. Therefore, the storage stability of the fresh-cut fruits could be improved by coating the fresh-cut fruits for cakes with the coating agent and storing at a low temperature, which would contribute to extending the shelf-life of cakes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.335-341
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• 2013

Kyungokgos purchased in local markets in Korea vary in their combination and mixing ratios during processing. This study was investigated qualities of Kyungokgos manufactured traditionally to evaluating its qualities. The general components of Kyungokgos were moisture (18.62~49.78%), ash (0.198~1.211%), protein (0.89~3.58%), lipid (0.16~1.14%) and carbohydrates (47.95~77.08%). The color values of L, a, and b were 26.49~73.87, 16.51~38.64, and 45.41~88.94, respectively. The viscosity was classified into three non-Newtonian type groups: high, medium, and non-dilatant, according to the increase of loop execution times. Three extracts (KOG-1, -7, and -8, in a 30-fold dilution) showed no cytotoxicity toward RAW 264.7 cells, while the extracts of KOG-2, -4, and -5 showed a low cytotoxic effect. KOG-1 and -2 extracts with low cytotoxicity markedly inhibited the production of the inflammatory mediators-nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. These results indicate that KOG-1 and -2 extracts have anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.298-303
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• 2010

This study was carried out to compare the physicochemical characteristics of Korean traditional wine fermented from foxtail millet and nuruk at different mixing rates. The alcohol contents of fermented wine ranged from 12.70 to 13.38%. Two kinds of commercial nuruks, SH and BS nuruk, were used. The brix degrees of foxtail millet wine fermented by SH and BS nuruks were 21.6 and $22.4^{\circ}Bx$, respectively. The pH, total acidity, and turbidity of the wines fermented by SH and BS nuruks were 3.74 and 3.40, 1.40 and 1.51%, and 0.441 and 0.149, respectively. With an increase in the amount of foxtail millet, brix degree, pH, turbidity, b-value and L-value decreased, and total acidity and a-value increased. Total color difference (${\Delta}Eab$) parameter of the wine fermented by SH nuruk were 8.58, 22.59 and 22.55, while those by BS nuruk were 0.35, 4.08 and 7.16 in 30, 70 and 100% addition rates of foxtail millet, respectively. With an increase in the amount added of foxtail millet, glucose content decreased. The organic acids such as lactic acid and acetic acid were predominantly detected in the fermented wine. Finally, based on sensory evaluations, the wine fermented by BS nuruk showed the best overall quality at the 30% addition rate of foxtail millet.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.387-398
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• 2013

Seasoned soy sauce is one of the popular seasoning sauces added to the Korean traditional foods such as Bulgogi, Galbi. However, industrially processed sauces have poor sensory quality because of heating treatment for sterilization. The purpose of this study was to develop seasoned soy sauce having fresh taste and good quality by applying superheated steam (SHS) and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) technologies. To maintenance the sauce qualities, food materials such as apple, onion, and garlic were pretreated with SHS (heater $100^{\circ}C$, steam $280^{\circ}C$, 30 s~1 min 30 s) before mixing with other ingredients. During storage of 7 days, color, pH, and browning potential of SHS treated samples (apple, onion and garlic) did not change and also polyphenol oxidase was inactivated (p<0.05). The seasoned soy sauce including SHS treated materials was sterilized by thermal process ($85^{\circ}C$, 30min) or non-thermal process, HHP (550 MPa, $5{\sim}10^{\circ}C$, 3 min). In SHS+HHP treated sauce, salinity, sugar contents, lightness, viscosity did not change (p<0.05), and total viable cell counts were detected below 4 log cycle at $5^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. E.coli and B.cereus are not determined in all samples. In sensory evaluation, Bulgogi prepared with SHS+HHP treated sauce was more acceptable than others.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.385-390
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• 1998

The effect of agglomeration treatment was examined to prevent the parched cereal powder from clumping when it is blended with water. Parched cereal powder was composed of 66.9% carbohydrate, 7% water, 12.1% crude protein, 12.1% crude fat and 1.9% ash, respectively. Particle size of parched cereal powder was generally enlarged by agglomeration treatment. This phenomenon was confirmed by particle size analyzer and microscopic observation. The color of agglomerated sample was shown to be slightly darker than the untreated sample. The water absorption indices of agglomerated samples which were steamed for 2min and re-dried were significantly increased as compared with the untreated sample. The water solubility indices of agglomerated samples showed generally lower values than those of untreated samples. In views of quality and processing time, the optimum condition of agglomeration treatment for manufacturing well-dispersable parched cereal powder in water was 15min re-drying after 2min steaming. It is concluded that the agglomeration treatment improves the dispersibility of parched cereal powder and thus facilitates the intake of it after mixing with water.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.598-604
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• 2012

Four types of mixed citrus and carrot juice (CCJ) were prepared with citrus-pressed juice and cake, and carrot-pressed juice. Their physicochemical properties and antioxidative activities were investigated. The four types of juices were created using different ratios of citrus-pressed juice, carrot-pressed juice, citrus-pressed cake, and additives. The mixing ratios of the four CCJ were as follows (all ratios given in the order of citrus-pressed juice : carrot-pressed juice : citrus-pressed cake : additives; 70:30:0:0 for CCJ-1, 65:30:0:5 for CCJ-2, 65:30:5:0 for CCJ-3, and 60:30:10:0 for CCJ-4. Acidity was low in CCJ-3 and -4 at 0.82 and 0.80, respectively, compared with 0.95 in CCJ-1. The fructose, glucose, and sucrose content was 2.11~5.76 g/100 g, 1.20~2.75 g/100 g, and 3.00~4.21 g/100 g, respectively. Total phenolic content was 1.17 and 1.22 times high as 863 and 898 mg% in CCJ-3 and -4, respectively, compared with 735 mg% in CCJ-1. DPPH radical scavenging activities of methanol extracts of CCJ-3 and -4 were 3.05 and 3.29 times as high as 58.7% and 63.3%, respectively, compared with 19.2% in CCJ-1. Superoxide anion scavenging activities were also 1.67 and 1.80 times higher in CCJ-3 and -4 than that of CCJ-1. Inhibition of NO production in methanol extracts of CCJ-4 were 1.15 and 1.57 times as high as 20.9% and 28.5%, respectively, compared with 18.2% in CCJ-1. Based on the sensory evaluation, CCJ-3 was more preferable in terms of color, flavor, taste, and overall preference than CCJ-1, -2, and -4. It was concluded that CCJ-3 made with 65% citrus-pressed juice, 30% carrot-pressed juice, and 5% citrus-pressed cake were high in antioxidative activity and the inhibition of NO production, and more preferable in terms of sensory attributes.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.565-572
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the quality of barley (Huinchalssalbori) and domestic wheats (Keumkangmil, Baegjoongmil, Jogyeongmil). The pH and total acidity of mixed Makgeolli were 4.04~4.12% and 0.94~1.06%, respectively. The total acidity, sugar and alcohol contents of Makgeolli, but not pH, varied significantly by wheat cultivar (p<0.05). In terms of color values, the L-value of Baegjoongmil, a-value and b-value of Keumkangmil were highest. The reducing sugar contents was approximately 5.65~7.85 mg/mL, and those of Jogyeongmil and imported wheat were approximately 5.70 mg/mL lower. The yeast cell numbers did not differ significantly, with the exception of in the rice Makgeolli (p<0.05). Among the organic acids (citric, malic, pyruvic and lactic acids) in Makgeolli, citric acid was present at the highest concentration. Regarding the sensory characteristics of Makgeolli mixed with barley and wheat, taste and overall acceptability were highest in Baegjoongmil, and appearance and flavor were highest in Keumkangmil. The rice Makgeolli showed the lowest sensory values, with the exception of appearance. The results of this study suggest that mixing Makgeolli with barley and wheat is an expected to replace the wheat materials in the domestic wheat to be imported.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 1995

This study was concentrated on the subject of chou formation and physicochemical characteristics on medium flour mixed with 0, 25, 50, 75, 100% of rice flour in order to clarify the possibility to substitute rice flour for wheat flour on chou preparation. The water holding capacity, swelling power, and maximum viscosity were higher in rice flour than those in medium flour but the initial pasting temperature was equal to 65$^{\circ}C$ in the two flour groups. The ratio of setback during cooling became 0.94 in the rice flour and 1.14 in the medium flour. So, the rice flour showed a slow tendency during gel formation as compared with the medium flour. The volumes of the rice choux were ranged from 80.0% to 89.0% according to the mixing ratio of medium flour as compared with that of the chou of wheat flour. But, the choux formation were increased as much as 108.8% out the paste added gelation of glutinous substance and 124.4% at the paste added Span20 of emulsifier compared to the non-addition treatment. The paste of rice flour added gelatin and Span20 showed better dispersion of components, especially, the small granules of lipid were fairly or plentifully dispersed in the paste added Span20 due to emulsifying activity. In sensory evaluation, the chou of l00% rice flour was inferior to that of medium flour on cavity-forming but the choux of wheat flour mixed with 25%, 50%, and 75% of rice flour were equal or superior to that of medium flour on all characteristics tested such as appearance, surface color, cavity-forming, chewiness, and taste. There were no significant differences on the cavity-forming expansion and taste between choux of rice flour and wheat flour Therefore, the results of this study made conclusion that rice flour would be substituted for wheat flour on the chou preparation.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.23 no.3 s.99
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• pp.346-353
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to find the optimal mixing ratios of Breen tea power and Opuntia ficus indica var. saboten powder for making acorn starch moot The pH, acidity, color values(L-value, redness, and yellowness), texture properties, and sensory characteristics of the acorn starch moot made with varying contents of the additives were measured. The acorn starch mooks were prepared at different ratios using 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2%(w/w) green tea powder and Opuntia ficus indica var. saboten powder, respectively, based on 9% acorn starch. The overall optimal ratios that satisfied all the sensory properties of the acorn starch moot were 1.5% green tea power and 0.5% Opuntia ficus indica var. saboten powder. The results suggest that the use of green tea and Opuntia ficus indica var. saboten is valuable for making acorn starch moot of good quality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.557-566
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• 2005

In preparation of steamed foam-cakes, effects of whipping time, amount of wheat flour, and amounts of emulsifier on physical properties of the steamed foam cakes were investigated using RSM (response surface methodology). The three independent variables selected for the RSM experiment were whipping time $(X_1)$, amount of wheat flour $(X_2)$, and amounts of wheat flour $(X_2)$, and concentration of emulsifier $(X_3)$ were set for single-stage mixing, respectively. A rotatable central composite design was used for treatment arrangement. The responses from the product for loaf volume, color values and textural properties were analysed. In the analysis of variance for the foam cakes prepared by single-stage method, significant interactions were observed between independent variables (experimental factors) and physical property like loaf volume (p<0.05); textural properties like hardness, gumminess, and chewiness (p<0.05). Among independent variables, concentration of emulsifier had the most effects on physical properties while whipping time. The ordinary points in surface response showed maximal points with physical property like colorimetric b value while other properties revealed saddle points. The 3-dimensional response surface graphs of the predicted regression models displayed decreasing loaf volumes with increasing whipping times and emulsifier concentrations beyond optimum levels. The optimum conditions for best loaf volume and textural property (hardness, gummimess and chewiness) of the products selected by extracting intersectional areas of the contour maps that commonly overlapped all characteristics were; $11\~13$ min whipping time, $470\~486\;g$ amount of wheat flour, and $19\~20\;g$ emulsifier concentration, in case of single-stage method. The median values extracted from the RSM experimental results for optimum manufacturing conditions for single-stage method, i.e., 12 min whipping time, 478 g amount of wheat flour, and 20 g emulsifier concentration were empirically proven to fit the predicted levels of physical properties from the final foam cakes.