• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.149-167
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• 2001

Today, every culture has taken on the compromise form by means of the cultural difference, variety, and pluralism according to the internationalization and the advance so that it has been developed toward the half-blooded and multilayered the aspect. In accordance with this current of the times, this thesis observed the feminism found in the multiculturism of the end of the 20th century, the third world, and technology with the side of the tendency of modern fashion, considered the hybride phenomenon which is pulling down the wall between culture and genre due to the social diversification. and predicted the fashion trend do 21st century serf on it. Multiculturism is the movement that began to arise in the academic world of America and the literary world form the close of 1980's in accepting the variety of culture and regarding the culture with the more balanced and wide view and just as it is, it means the attitude of accepting one or more cultures of variely and the position of taking interest in the culture of minority race not the culture of a governing race. It is the fashion of feminism adapts dualism like unisex, androgynous look, etc of bisexual lendency in the 1980's, it shows new style with crossover of liberal sense because there is not the difference of sex in fashion. The eco-feminism pursues the natural sexuality not being instrumental and dismantling and expressed it in the Gender expression of an integrated human being. The trend of ethnic fashion in the close of 20th century is that the element of hippie is working so strongly. By adding embroidery of Oriental style, accessories of Indian style, feathers, beads, a hempen hood to the ethnic costumes of Asia and Latin, is shows the figure of ethnic hippie. As the cycler fashion is the future clothes through technology of computer, it uses a cool glass material bringing up the image of a spacesuit in order to expresses cyber image through artificial color combination of sheen colors, Though this techno-color fashion has established the fresh stimulation and the innovative aspect with ultramodern materials and image of futurism, it transmits a hope of estranged people and the natural elements. Hybride means a cross and mixture of animal and plant in Korean and is also called fusion. The phenomenon of hybrid predicts to comes the period of a cross and variation because something completely new comes into the world by contamination, mixture and compromise through meeting something different each other and it has on advantage of developing something existing to one more stage. It is prospected that in the society of 21st century, the borderline of traditional gender will be disappeared, variety and individuality will determine the individual behavior, and the masculine value will be substituted by feminine value. In the society giving priority to feminine value, a fashion stuck closely to women is what must reflect lives of woman under the proposition of woman's beauty, being on original function. So, it is considered that a fashion with added convenience and practicality having the function which is easy to put on, comfortable to act, able to express solves so much, and able to show various appearances according to T.P.O will get into the spotlight.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.656-663
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• 2010

In order to improve the consumer acceptance of fragrant yellow hybrids of $Phalaenopsis$ ($Phal.$), crosses between yellow hybrid varieties were made and the obtained hybrids were investigated for horticultural characteristics as well as difference in fragrance patterns. Cross combination of $Phal.$ Brother lawrence and $Phal.$ Brother saragold yielded good seedling population of 500 plants. Segregation was noticed in color density, spot and stripe patterns on yellow color base of petal and also in fragrance. Six lines with multi-branch on flower stalk and strong fragrance flower were finally selected. Volatile fragrance components were compared among $Phal.$ Brother lawrence, $Phal.$ Brother saragold and their hybrids by GC/SAW electronic nose. In the derivative pattern of chromatogram and polar derivative pattern of fragrance, similar dominant peaks appeared on retention time 7-9 s and some hybrid lines had two strong peaks on retention time 20-25 s, respectively. Also in polar frequency pattern of fragrance obtained by $VaporPrint^{TM}$ image analysis among parent flowers and hybrids, an identical strong peak near 8 s of retention time was shown. This single fragrance component is considered a key element of fragrance in $Phal.$ Brother lawrence, $Phal.$ Brother saragold and their hybrids. This peak could be used as a marker for the breeding of fragrance in $Phalaenopsis$.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.167-168
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• 2003

The Upo wetland, the largest natural wetland in Korea, is located in Changnyeong-gun, Gyeongsannam Province ($35^{\circ}33'$ N, $128^{\circ}25'$ E), and 70 km upstream from the Nakdong River estuary. Unlike most other Korean wetlands that have been destroyed under the name of economic development, the Upo wetland has been able to preserve its precious ecosystem throughout the years. Thanks to increased public awareness about natural wetlands and environmental conservation, the Korean Ministry of Environment designated the Upo wetland an 'Ecological Conservation Area' on July 26th, 1997. On March 2nd of the following year, the Upo wetland (8.54 $\textrm{km}^2$) was designated a 'Protected Wetland' in accordance with the international Ramsar Treaty. A 4.49m long (from 9.73 to 5.24 m in altitude) UP-1 core ($35^{\circ}33'05"N$, $128^{\circ}25'17"E$), recovered in the marginal part of the Upo wetland, is divided into eight buried paleosol units of different ages on the basis of the abundance of color mottles and vertical color variations (Aslan et al., 1998). Radiocarbon datings suggested that the paleosol profile represent the last 5700 years. The entire section of the core was more or less subjected to pedogenetic processes, and shows very weak to moderate soil profile development. These Holocene paleosols are therefore regarded as synsedimentary soils of deluvium (deposits formed by floods) origin (Sycheva et al., 2003). Unit 1 to 5 paleosols are generally silt-rich and exhibit moderate profile development. The boundaries between the units are somewhat distinguishable, but not so clear cut. This is due to variable repeated combination of accumulation, denudation and soil forming processes within various periods. Mottle textures gradually decrease in abundance with increasing clay content in Unit 6, which results in weak profile development. The lower boundary of Unit 6 lies around about 2000 yrBP, the beginning of Subatlantic in Korea (Kim et al., 2001). Abrupt sediment textural change is detected in Unit 7, which is interpreted to indicate the human activities on the Upo wetland. Unit 8 represents the recent soil forming processes. The preliminary results of this ongoing study imply the primary factor for pedogenetic processes is the water table fluctuations related to the sedimentary textures like grain size distributions, and the geomorphological stability of the Upo wetland.o wetland.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1760-1766
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• 2009

Physical properties of Yukwa base extruded with glutinous rice flour, rice flour, defatted soy flour, and salt using an twin-screw extruder were investigated. The ingredients were extruded at various moisture contents (16-18%), screw speeds (300 & 400 rpm) at 43.4 kg/hr feed rate. Length and specific volume of Yukwa base increased with decreasing moisture contents. Hunter's color L* values of Yukwa base was higher whereas $a^*\;and\;b^*$ values were lower with increasing moisture content. Water absorption index of Yukwa base increased with increasing moisture contents. X-ray diffraction of Yukwa base showed B type moisture content of 16% and 17% while it showed A type moisture content of 18%. Degree of crystallinity and breaking strength of Yukwa base were the lowest in the moisture content of 16% while the lowest value for hardness was found in the moisture content of 16% and of 17% with screw speed 400 rpm for all samples. In the microstructure of cross section of Yukwa base, air cell size was larger and cell wall was thicker as moisture content increased. The sensory evaluation of the Yukwa base showed that color and flavor were not significantly different among samples, while taste, appearance, mouth feel, and overall preference were higher as moisture contents decreased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.29-44
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• 2013

This study is about the periodic characteristics of Wonsam in the Joseon Dynasty. Wonsam include the Danryeong-shaped Wonsam in the beginning, the compound Wonsam in a period of transition and the stereotyped Wonsam in the late Joseon Dynasty. The formative characteristics of Wonsam are divided into four stages. The first stage of the Wonsam is from the 15th to 16th century. The shape of Wonsam began to form and it was similar to one of Danryeong during this time. The formative characteristics of the first Wonsam included collars that looked like one of Danryeong, side pleats(called Moo) with multiple inner folds, straight cylinder-shaped sleeves, and a belt tied with the Wonsam. There were various fabrics that were used for the Wonsam from this stage. Second stage of the Wonsam is from the early 17th to mid 17th century. This period marked the beginning of the transition of the Wonsam and it served as a stepping-stone to the development stage in the Joseon Dynasty. The characteristics of the transitional Wonsam were a complex combination of the Danryeong and Wonsam. During this period, the Wonsam went through many changes and forms in a short period of time. Third stage of the Wonsam is from the mid 17th to early 19th century. The Wonsam was developed at this stage. The developed Wonsam went through a period of transition equipped with a stable form. The formative characteristics of Wonsam during this period included collars that faced each other, big and wide sleeves with multicolored stripes, Hansam, curve-edged side seam and the side pleats(Moo) with multiple inner folds had disappeared. It was a turning point from the single-layered clothes to double layered clothes and from dark blue to green color appeared at this time. The fabric patterns of this stage tended to consist of more simplified silk pattern. The fourth stage of the Wonsam is from the late 19th to 20th century. The Wonsam was expanded at this stage. The formative characteristics and fabrics were typically used for the standard Wonsam and were divided into two types; as a ceremonial robe used in courts and a wedding ceremonial robe for the common people. Phenomena such as sewing of double-layered clothes as one and straight-edged side seam during the late Joseon period developed into simpler and more practical fashion culture.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.685-694
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• 2010

The present study investigated the combined effects of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and organic acid salts on the quality and shelf-life of Hanwoo ground beef patties. The ground beef containing 500 ppm of ascorbic acid was prepared with air-packaging (Air-P), high oxygen-MAP (70% $O_2$+30% $CO_2$/OxyMAP), and nitrogen-MAP (100% $N_2$/NitroMAP), in combination with organic acid salts (1500 ppm of sodium acetate and 500 ppm of calcium lactate). The samples were stored for 11 d at $5^{\circ}C$. The pH value of ground beef patties decreased during storage in all the treatments. The ground beef patties with organic acid salts showed relatively higher level of pH during storage compared with non-added patties (p<0.05). Lipid oxidation was accelerated in OxyMAP while it was delayed in NitroMAP treated with organic acid salts. Nitro-MAP treated with organic acid salts was effective in stabilizing the color characteristics of lightness (CIE $L^*$) and redness (CIE $a^*$) during storage. Oxygen content in MAP was shown to be a more important factor affecting color stability and lipid oxidation of ground beef than organic acid salts. The aerobic and anaerobic bacterial counts were reduced both in OxyMAP and NitroMAP (p<0.05), and the lactic acid bacteria was inhibited by Oxy-MAP (p<0.05). Coliform bacteria decreased during storage as pH value was decreased in all treatments. According to the sensory evaluation, the ground beef patties in NitroMAP showed the best quality among all treatments during storage. Therefore, Hanwoo ground beef patties added with sodium acetate and calcium lactate and packed with NitroMAP showed better quality characteristics than other treatments. This packaging method is recommended and could be utilized for packaging hanwoo ground beef patties for improving quality and extending shelf-life.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.757-762
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• 2013

This study was conducted to develop a processing method for dry-curing beef ham with Korean traditional sauces and to investigate the quality properties of the dry-cured beef hams. Semitendinosus muscle from Hanwoo was spread with sundried salt (C), sun-dried salt mixed with red pepper paste (T1), and sun-dried salt mixed with soybean paste (T2), and inserted into washed Hanwoo large intestine. It was then dried and fermented for 75 d. Moisture contents of the hams were 46-48%, without any significant differences. T1 showed the lowest pH among the three dry-cured hams, while water holding capacity (WHC) of T2 was found the lowest (p<0.05). In mechanical color determination, C showed higher CIE $a^*$ and CIE $b^*$ than T1 and T2 (p<0.05), however CIE $L^*$ did not show any significant difference. In texture, T1 demonstrated significantly lower springiness than C (p<0.05). The sensory properties of all dry-cured hams did not show any significant difference, but T1 indicated a higher taste, saltiness and overall acceptability than others, whereas C gathered the highest score in color and flavor. In conclusion, the dry-curing by combination of sun-dried salt mixed with red pepper sauce (T1) showed higher quality properties of the Hanwoo dry-cured ham.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.1201-1206
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• 2010

As a means to increase the production and consumption of the brown colored rice with high content of GABA ($\gamma$-aminobutyric acid), this study was conducted to develop brown colored rice tea. After roasting at various temperatures and times, color values and GABA content of the brown colored rice were analyzed. Physicochemical properties such as browning, turbidity, reducing sugar, soluble solid, total polyphenol and pH of brown colored rice tea were determined after the rice powder was put into tea bags and leached in hot water. Sensory characteristics were investigated for three kinds of tea roasted at $170^{\circ}C$ for 10, 20 and 30 min. As the roasting temperature and time increased, L, a and b values decreased as well as GABA content. The brown colored rice roasted at $170^{\circ}C$ for 10 min contained the highest content of GABA. Browning, turbidity, reducing sugar, soluble solid and total polyphenol of the brown colored rice tea increased as the roasting temperature and time increased, on the contrary, pH decreased. The brown colored rice tea roasted for 30 min was preferred the most in color, flavor, taste and overall acceptance. From this result, the brown colored rice tea needs to be manufactured by a combination of the brown colored rice roasted at $170^{\circ}C$ for 10 min and 30 min to satisfy the consumer's preference and high content of GABA.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1553-1558
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of stocking density or group size on feed intake, daily gain, and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo (Korean indigenous breed) steers reared from 7 months to 31 months of age. Thirty Hanwoo steers were divided into four groups with three replicates each (a total of 12 pens). In each group, one (G1), two (G2), three (G3), and four steers (G4) per pen were allocated as treatments. Pen size was $32.0m^2$, and therefore Hanwoo steers in G1, G2, G3, and G4 were reared under different space allowances, i.e. 32.0, 16.0, 10.6, and $8.0m^2$/steer, respectively. Steers were reared following a conventional beef cattle management method in Korea, and were offered a fixed amount of commercial concentrate with ad libitum forages. Results were subjected to analysis of variance with stocking density as the main effect, and significance was declared at p<0.05. Although total feed intake was not significantly altered, it numerically increased in animals of low stocking density (G1) compared to those subjected to high stocking density treatment (i.e. G4). Feed conversion ratio was higher (p<0.05) in G3 compared to G1 and G2. Animals in G1 (low stocking density) grew faster (p<0.05) than those of high stocking density (G3 and G4). Back fat thickness, meat yield index, and meat yield grade were similar among all levels of stocking density. However, longissimus muscle area was larger in G1 and G2 (p<0.01) compared to G3 and G4, and animals in G3 produced smaller carcasses (p<0.05). Carcass quality traits, including marbling score, meat color, fat color, texture, maturity and meat quality grade, as determined by a group of experts, were not significantly different among the treatments. In conclusion, lower stocking density resulted in increased feed efficiency, daily gain, and carcass weight in Hanwoo steers. However it remains unclear whether such differences are the results of stocking density or group size, or a combination of both. Nonetheless, these results confirm previous studies reporting a negative effect of increased stocking density on animal productivity. Further, animal welfare under an intensive farming system in relation to economical return is discussed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.149-156
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• 2018

Objective: Broilers show clear preference towards red color light (RL). However setting of an optimum light intensity is difficult since dim intensities that favor growth reduce welfare. This experiment was conducted to test the most effective RL intensity regimen (Dim [5 lux; DI] vs high [320 lux; HI]) in combination applied at different growth stages that favors for both performance and welfare. Methods: Complete randomize design was adopted with 6 replicates. Treatments were; T1 = early DI (8-21 d)+latter HI (22-35 d); T2 = early DI (8-28 d)+latter HI (29-35 d), T3 = early HI (8-21 d)+latter DI (22-35 d), T4 = early HI (8-28 d)+latter DI (29-35 d) and T5 = control (white light; WT) (8-35 d) at medium intensity (20 lux). Body weight (BW), weight gain (WG), water/feed intake and ratio, feed conversion ratios (FCR) were assessed. Common behaviours (15) were recorded by scan sampling method. Lameness, foot pad dermatitis, breast blisters, hock burning damage were assessed as welfare parameters. Fear reactions were tested using Tonic Immobility Test. Ocular and carcass evaluations were done. Meat and tibiae were analyzed for fat and bone ash respectively. Results: On 35 d, the highest BW ($2,155.72{\pm}176g$), WG ($1,967.78{\pm}174g$) were recorded by T2 compared to WT ($BW_{WT}=1,878.22{\pm}155$, $WG_{WT}=1,691.83{\pm}160$). But, application of RL, either DI, or HI during early/latter stage had no significant effect on FCR. Under HI, birds showed much higher active behaviours. DI encourages eating. Though LI changed from DI to HI, same trend could be seen even under HI. The highest leg strength ($218.5{\pm}120s$) was recorded by T2. The lowest leg strength ($64.58{\pm}33s$) and the highest ocular weight ($2.48{\pm}1g$) were recorded by T1. Significantly (p<0.05) the highest skin weight ($162.17{\pm}6g$) but the lowest fat% in meat ($13.03%{\pm}5%$) was recorded by T2. Conclusion: Early exposure to DI-RL up to 28 days followed by exposure to HI-RL is the most favorable lighting regimen for optimizing production, better welfare of broilers and improving health benefits of meat.