• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.462-469
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• 2023

본 논문은 선박이 조우하는 상황에서 충돌의 위험에 대한 판단을 지원하여 충돌사고를 예방하기 위하여 선박충돌위험성을 평가하는 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 선박의 항해는 불확실성이 다수 내포되어 있기 때문에 충돌의 위험을 평가할 때 선박충돌위험성이 가진 불확실성을 고려할 필요가 있다. 본 논문은 불확실성을 처리하고 각 상대 선박의 충돌의 위험을 실시간으로 평가하기 위하여 Dempster-Shafer 이론을 적용한다. 선박충돌위험의 평가 요인으로 DCPA(distance at closest point approach), TCPA(time to closest point approach), 상대 선박과의 거리, 상대방위, 속도비율 등이 사용되며, 각 평가 요인별 멤버쉽 함수로 계산된 기본확률배정함수(basic probability assignment)는 Dempster-Shafer 이론의 융합 규칙을 통하여 융합된다. 선박들이 실제로 조우하는 상황에서 수집된 선박자동식별장치 데이터를 사용하여 제안된 방법을 실험한 결과 평가의 적합성이 검증되었다. 선박간 조우 상황에서의 실시간으로 충돌위험성을 평가함으로써 인적오류로 인한 충돌사고를 예방할 수 있으며, 해상교통관제시스템과 자율운항선박의 충돌회피시스템에도 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.529-535
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• 2008

As a method to reduce collision accidents of ships at sea, this paper suggests an expert system for collision avoidance and navigation (hereafter "ESCAN"). The ESCAN is designed and developed by using the theory and technology of expert system and based on the information provided by AIS and RADAR/ARPA system. In this paper the ESCAN is composed of four(4) components; Facts/Data Base in charge of preserving data from navigational equipment, Knowledge Base storing production rules of the ESCAN, Inference Engine deciding which rules are satisfied by facts or objects, User System Interface for communication between users and ESCAN. The ESCAN has the function of real--time analysis and judgment of various encountering situations between own ship and targets, and is to provide navigators with appropriate plans of collision avoidance and additional advice and recommendation This paper, as a basic study, is to introduce the basic design and function of ESCAN.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.661-670
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• 2007

In this study, collision accident scenarios are derived for crashworthy design of rolling stocks because the detailed guidelines to complement domestic safety regulations with respect to collision accidents of rolling stocks are under preparation. Through this study, several collision accident scenarios are broadly investigated for those of advanced countries like USA, UK and EU. Next, the basic engineering considerations which are necessary to derive the collision accident scenarios are reviewed and analysed in some details. Finally, two collision accident scenarios are derived considering the circumstances of domestic railroads.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.295-307
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• 2007

The statistics of Korean Maritime Safety Tribunal and Japan Marine Accidents Inquiry Agency shows that the major muses of collision at sea are Improper lookout and Non-compliance with marine traffic rules. Those two muses are occupying more than 70% of collision, and it's clear that those muses are undoubtedly closely related to simple human error. In this paper we tried to find out the root muses of this kind of human error of OOWs(officers on watch) through risk identification method and studied how to tackle them via risk control theory. In conclusion, the measures studied in this paper could be applied to help OOWs avoid their own human error as well as be used in shipping company for their fleets' safety management.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.157-167
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• 2011

Although vehicles become more intelligent for convenience and safety of drivers, traffic accidents are increased more and more. Especially, car-to-car single rear impacts in the urban area are increased rapidly because of driver inattention. To prevent rear impacts in the urban area, commercial automobile vendor applies the low-speed short-distance collision warning system. This paper presents low-speed short-distance collision warning algorithm for the city driving by using sensor fusion of laser sensor and ultrasonic sensor. An experiment using embedded microprocessor in the driving track was used to demonstrate the feasibility of the collision warning algorithm.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.827-832
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• 2005

본 연구는 근접상황 선박충돌회피지원시스템 개발을 위한 기초연구로써, 근거리 조우상황에서 항해사의 부적절한 조선으로 발생하는 선박충돌사고를 감소시키기 위한 선박충돌회피지원모델을 제시한다. 이 모델은 선박의 다양한 조우상황을 비교하고, 자선의 선회특성을 이용하여 상대선박의 침로, 속도 유지에 대한 충돌회피 가능영역과 방법을 나타냄으로써 근접상황에서도 신속한 피항동작 검토 및 결정을 가능케 하며 효과적인 충돌회피 조선을 지원할 것이다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.119-124
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• 2005

본 연구는 근접상황 선박충돌회피지원시스템 개발을 위한 기초연구로써, 근거리 조우상황에서 항해사의 부적절한 조선으로 발생하는 선박충돌사고를 감소시키기 위한 선박충돌회피지원모델을 제시한다. 이 모델은 선박의 다양한 조우상황을 비교하고, 자선의 선회특성을 이용하여 상대선박의 침로, 속도 유지에 대한 충돌회피 가능영역과 방법을 나타냄으로써 근접상황에서도 신속한 피항동작 검토 및 결정을 가능케 하며 효과적인 충돌회피 조선을 지원할 것이다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.918-927
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 과거 12년(2010~2021년)간 발생한 상선의 충돌사고 668건을 조사하여 충돌의 원인요인을 조사하고 이를 통계적으로 분석하여 항해사의 인적과실 예방 충돌회피(HEPCA) 모델을 제안하는 것이다. 중앙해양안전심판원의 통계연보 및 충돌사건 재결서를 조사하여 상선의 충돌 원인요인 데이터를 수집하고 통계분석 도구인 SPSS를 이용하여 빈도분석을 수행하였다. 1단계 분석으로 상선 충돌사고 668건을 대상으로 충돌원인을 분석하였고, 2단계 분석에서는 식별된 최대빈도 원인요인을 세부적으로 분석하였다. 분석결과, 충돌원인은 항해사의 인적과실이 98 %인 것으로 식별되었으며, 빈도 높은 요인 순서는 경계소홀 > 항행법규위반 > 조선 부적절 순이었다. 경계소홀의 원인 요인은 주로 상대선 초인 후 지속감시 소홀이었으며 상대선박의 존재를 인식하지 못한 원인은 주로 당직시간에 다른 작업을 한 요인이었다. 분석결과를 적용하여 인적과실 예방을 위한 HEPCA 모델을 제안하였고, 이를 재결서의 충돌사건에 적용해보았다. 본 연구결과는 해기사 교육기관 및 실무에서 항해사의 인적과실로 발생하는 충돌사고를 방지하기 위한 교육 자료로 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.303-318
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• 2017

In the shipping industry, it is well known that around 80 % or more of all marine accidents are caused fully or at least in part by human error. In this regard, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) stated that the study of human factors would be important for improving maritime safety. Consequently, the IMO adopted the Casualty Investigation Code, including guidelines to assist investigators in the implementation of the Code, to prevent similar accidents occurring again in the future. In this paper, a process of the human factors investigation is proposed to provide investigators with a guide for determining the occurrence sequence of marine accidents, to identify and classify human error-inducing underlying factors, and to develop safety actions that can manage the risk of marine accidents. Also, an application of these investigation procedures to a collision accident is provided as a case study This is done to verify the applicability of the proposed human factors investigation procedures. The proposed human factors investigation process provides a systematic approach and consists of 3 steps: 'Step 1: collect data & determine occurrence sequence' using the SHEL model and the cognitive process model; 'Step 2: identify and classify underlying human factors' using the Maritime-Human Factor Analysis and Classification System (M-HFACS) model; and 'Step 3: develop safety actions,' using the causal chains. The case study shows that the proposed human factors investigation process is capable of identifying the underlying factors and indeveloping safety actions to prevent similar accidents from occurring.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2019

The 7,993 cases of Survey Report of Fatal Industrial Accidents conducted jointly by the MEOL and the KOSHA for the recent seven years(2007-2013) were categorized according to personal and occupational characteristics, industry types, business sizes, job types, activities at the time accident, types of accidents, material agents(assailing materials), unsafe conditions, and unsafe acts. And it is found that among the 72.2 percent of fatal occupational accidents in the construction and manufacturing industries are caused by falling, sticking, bumping and being caught under objects & overturning. For this study, through the empirical analysis on causes of fatal industrial accidents, was used to identity high risk groups based on total data of 7,993 victims of occupational accidents. An annual fatal occupational injury (FOI) rate per 10,000 workers was about 0.47‱. The middle-aged group and the elderly group showed the highest FOI rates per 10,000 workers (0.73‱, 0.80‱), and the daily workers showed the highest FOI rate (1.46‱), and the craft and related trades workers showed the highest FOI rate (2.17‱). In case of industry type the mining industry (7.26‱) showed the highest FOI rate, followed by the sewerage, waste management, materials recovery and remediation activity industry (3.91‱) and the construction industry (2.71‱). The primary high risk target group that requires a strategy designed to reduce fatal occupation injuries caused by falling and bumping & contact(collision) is the construction industry, and the secondary high risk target group in the construction industry is classified as the equipment, machine operating and assembling workers in the construction industry, those aged 50 years old and above need the prevention measures against bumping & contact(collision) and being caught under an object & falling(objects), while those aged less than 50 years old need prevention measures against falling(persons).