• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.190-193
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• 2020

In 2014, Anthracnose symptoms were observed on fruit of pumpkin in Gangneung, Gangwon in Korea. The typical symptoms on fruit surfaces were circular lesions, brown, shriveled with salmon-colored spore masses on the spots. A fungal isolate was obtained from symptomatic on fruit and cultured on potato dextrose agar at 25℃. The color of the upper surface of the colony varied from white to gray with occurrence of salmon-colored conidial masses and was red to violet on the underside. The causal fungus of anthracnose isolated from the diseased fruits was identified as Colletotrichum fioriniae based on mycological characteristics and sequences of the internal transcribed spacer, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, chitin synthase-1 gene, histone H3, actin gene, beta-tubulin gene region. Pathogenicity tests of the isolate were performed on pumpkin fruit by both wound and non-wound inoculation with conidial suspension (1×10⁶ conidia/ml) and incubated at 25℃. Lesions were observed on both wounded and non-wounded fruit of pumpkin after 7 days inoculation in only C. fioriniae. The pathogen was re-isolated from the lesions of inoculated fruits. To our knowledge, this is the first report of anthracnose on fruit of pumpkin caused by C. fioriniae in Korea.

• Mycobiology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.325-329
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• 2016

A fungus, Colletotrichum fioriniae, was isolated for the first time from fruits of Chinese matrimony vine (Lycium chinense Mill.) in Korea. It was classified as C. fioriniae based on the morphological characteristics and nucleotide sequence of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase and ${\beta}-tubulin$. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of C. fioriniae causing anthracnose of Chinese matrimony vine in Korea.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.345-362
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• 2023

Anthracnose, caused by the Colletotrichum genus, comprises a significant number of plant pathogens and poses a major threat to fruit production worldwide, including South Korea. Colletotrichum species were identified associated with anthracnose in fruits such as apple, persimmon, plum, peach, jujube, walnut, and grape. A polyphasic approach, including morphology, multigene phylogenetics, and pathogenicity testing, was used. Additionally, the in-vitro sensitivity of identified Colletotrichum species to common fungicides was also evaluated. A total of nine Colletotrichum species within two complexes, namely gloeosporioides and acutatum, have been identified as the causal agents of anthracnose in common fruits in South Korea. In the gloeosporioides complex, we found Colletotrichumaenigma, C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides, C. horii, C. siamense, and C. viniferum. Meanwhile, in the acutatum complex, C. fioriniae, C. nymphaeae, and C. orientalis were identified. Notably, C. fructicola, C. siamense, C. fioriniae, and C. nymphaeae were reported for the first time from apple, C. siamense, C. fioriniae and C. nymphaeae from plum, C. siamense, C. fructicola, and C. fioriniae frompeach, C. siamense and C. horii from persimmon, C. fioriniae from Omija (Schisandra), C. orientalis from walnut, C. nymphaeae from jujube, and C. aenigma, C. fructicola, and C. siamense fromgrape. Fungicide sensitivity tests revealed significant variation in the EC₅₀ values among specific Colletotrichum species when exposed to different fungicides. Moreover, the same Colletotrichum species isolated from different host plants displayed varying sensitivity to the same fungicide.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.480-489
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• 2018

Bitter rot caused by Colletotrichum species is a common fruit rotting disease of apple and one of the economically important disease in worldwide. In 2015 and 2016, distinct symptoms of bitter rot disease were observed in apple orchards in five regions of South Korea. In the present study, infected apples from these regions were utilized to obtain eighteen isolates of Colletotrichum spp. These isolates were identified and characterized according to their morphological characteristics and nucleotide sequence data of internal transcribed spacer regions and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase. Molecular analyses suggested that the isolates of Colletotrichum causing the bitter rot disease in South Korea belong to 4 species: C. siamense; C. fructicola; C. fioriniae and C. nymphaeae. C. siamense and C. fructicola belonged to Musae Clade of C. gloeosporioides complex species while C. fioriniae and C. nymphaeae belonged to the Clade 3 and Clade 2 of C. acutatum complex species, respectively. Additionally, we also found that the isolates of C. gloeosporioides species-complex were more aggressive than those in the C. acutatum species complex via pathogenicity tests. Taken together, our results suggest that accurate identification of Colletotrichum spp. within each species complex is required for management of bitter rot disease on apple fruit in South Korea.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.154-162
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• 2021

Blueberry, which produces phenolic compounds, is one of the most popular fruits in Korea. During a survey on blueberry diseases, 16 Colletotrichum isolates were obtained from blueberry leaves in Chuncheon and Gosung, Kangwon province, Korea. Using morphological and molecular analyses, the isolates were identified as Colletotrichum aenigma, C. fioriniae, C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides, and C. nymphaeae. C. gloeosporioides was the most frequently isolated (11 isolates), and only one or two isolates of the other species were found. After inoculation with all isolates, those leaves and fruits with wounds easily developed anthracnose; whereas, fruits without wounds became infected but leaves without wounds were infected by only two of C. gloeosporioides. Typically, around seven fungicidal agents are used to control anthracnose on blueberries in Korea. Fluzinam and prochloraz manganese complex strongly (over than 80%) inhibited the growth of all Colletotrichum species, while dithianon and mancozeb only weakly (about 80% or less) inhibited their growth.

• Mycobiology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.210-218
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• 2020

Peach (Prunus persica L.) is one of the major fruit crops in South Korea, along with apple, persimmon, and Asian pears. Peach anthracnose is a continuing threat to growers and is accountable for enormous economic loss. In July 2018, anthracnose of peach appeared at different peach orchards in Gyeongsangbuk-do region, Korea. The typical anthracnose symptoms (brown, circular, and necrotic lesions) were observed on the fruits. Anthracnose of peach was surveyed in different peach orchards of Gyeongsangbuk-do, and 20 fungal isolates from 19 diseased fruits were collected. Multigene phylogenetic analyses coupled with morphological characteristic analysis approaches were used for identifying the fungal species isolated from diseased fruits. This study confirmed three Colletotrichum species. Based on the results, Colletotrichum siamense are reported for the first time as causal agents of peach anthracnose alongside C. fructicola and C. fioriniae, which has been reported previously. Pathogenicity assays were performed for the three isolates representing all the species identified, and Koch's postulates on detached healthy peach fruits were verified. All the identified species were pathogenic on peach fruits as the typical anthracnose symptoms were reproduced. Significant variations in the virulence were observed among fungal species on peach fruit.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.384-396
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• 2023

Colletotrichum acutatum species complex is one of the most important groups in the genus Colletotrichum with a high species diversity and a wide range of host plants. C. acutatum and related species have been collected from different plants and locations in Korea and deposited into the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC), National Institute of Agricultural Sciences since the 1990s. These fungal isolates were previously identified based mainly on morphological characteristics, and a limitation of molecular data was provided. To confirm the identification of species, 64 C. acutatum species complex isolates in KACC were used in this study for DNA sequence analyses of six loci: nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS), betatubulin 2 (TUB2), histone-3 (HIS3), glyceraldehyde3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), chitin synthase 1 (CHS-1), and actin (ACT). The molecular analysis revealed that they were identified in six different species of C. fioriniae (24 isolates), C. nymphaeae (21 isolates), C. scovillei (12 isolates), C. chrysanthemi (three isolates), C. lupini (two isolates), and C. godetiae (one isolate), and a novel species candidate. We compared the hosts of KACC isolates with "The List of Plant Diseases in Korea", previous reports in Korea and global reports and found that 23 combinations between hosts and pathogens could be newly reported in Korea after pathogenicity tests, and 12 of these have not been recorded in the world.