• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.73-76
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• 2013

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) is one possibility for the treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). The aim of this study was study the analysis of polysomnography of pre-UPPP and post-UPPP. All patients were evaluated by means of a physical examination, the epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), the beck depression inventory (BDI) and the nocturnal polysomnography (PSG) before surgery, and 6~12 months after surgery. A total of 15 patients were investigated. All underwent UPPP. The patients were between 26 and 62 years old ($mean{\pm}SD$; $39.7{\pm}10.9$) with a lean body mass index (BMI) of $mean{\pm}SD$; $26.2{\pm}3.0kg/m^2$. The comparison of sleep questionnaires showed that after UPPP, the patients had a significantly lower BMI ($26.2{\pm}3.0kg/m^2$ vs $26.0{\pm}3.4kg/m^2$, p=0.241), ESS ($10.0{\pm}5.4$ vs $6.9{\pm}3.2$, p=0.022), BDI ($9.2{\pm}8.2$ vs $4.2{\pm}4.3$, p=0.343) and higher blood pressure ($127.5{\pm}12.1$ vs $123.7{\pm}12.0$, p=0.272) compared to before UPPP. The comparison of sleep parameters showed that after UPPP, patients had a significantly lower stage N1 ($108.8{\pm}53.1$ vs $82.2{\pm}48.9$, p=0.016), lower sleep latency ($4.9{\pm}4.4$ vs $2.0{\pm}1.7$, p=0.083), a lower total arousal number ($210.6{\pm}90.3$ vs $147.1{\pm}87.3$, p=0.019), lower oxygen desaturation index (ODI) ($30.2{\pm}20.9$ vs $10.2{\pm}15.1$, p=0.006), lower apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ($31.6{\pm}22.4$ vs $10.9{\pm}15.4$, p=0.005), and a lower respiratory disturbance index (RDI) ($37.4{\pm}21.3$ vs $18.5{\pm}16.5$, p=0.008) compared to after UPPP. The comparison of sleep parameters showed that after UPPP, patients had a significantly higher stage N2 ($154.0{\pm}39.9$ vs $180.5{\pm}49.5$, p=0.017), higher REM ($58.5{\pm}29.7$ vs $72.6{\pm}34.0$, p=0.249), higher $meanSaO_2$ ($94.3{\pm}2.0$ vs $95.9{\pm}0.9$, p=0.043), and higher $meanSaO_2$ ($79.3{\pm}8.5$ vs $83.1{\pm}7.9$, p=0.116) than before UPPP. After UPPP, 6 patients were cured, 2 showed marked improvement, and 7 did not improve. After surgery, the success of the treatment was at 53%. The subjective patient satisfaction was higher than before the surgery.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 2012

Antibiotic resistance in animal isolates of enterococci is a public health concern, because of the risk of transmission of antibiotic-resistant strains or resistance genes to humans through the food chain. This study investigated phenotypic and genotypic resistances profile of tetracycline in 245 $Enterococcus$ isolates from bovine milk. A total of 245 enterococci were isolated from 950 milk samples. The predominant strain was $E.$ $faecalis$ (n = 199, 81.2%) and $E.$ $faecium$ (n = 25, 10.2%). $E.$ $avium$ (n = 7, 2.9%), $E.$ $durans$ (n = 6, 2.5%), $E.$ $gallinarum$ (n = 4, 1.6%), and $E.$ $raffinosus$ (n = 4, 1.6%) were also isolated. Of the 245 enterococcal isolates 76.3% (n = 187) displayed tetracycline resistance (${\geq}16{\mu}g/ml$). Of the 187 tetracycline-resistant isolates, 83.4% (n = 156), 16.1% (n = 30), and 26.7% (n = 50) possessed the genes $tet$(M), $tet$(L), $tet$(S) respectively. While 3.2% (n = 6) of the tetracycline-resistant isolates possessed all three genes $tet$(M) + $tet$(L) + $tet$(S), 8.6% (n = 16), 16.0% (n = 30), and 2.7% (n = 5) of them possessed two genes $tet$(M) + $tet$(L), $tet$(M) + $tet$(S), and $tet$(L) + $tet$(S) respectively. The tetracycline resistance pattern investigated in this study was attributable mainly to the presence of $tet$(M).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.333-341
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• 1983

Tannase of Aspergillus sp. AN-11 isolated from contaminated acorns was purified by a procedure involving ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. Physiochemical properties of the purified tannase was investigated. Tannase was purified about 37 folds with the yield of 49% from the culture broth of Aspergillus sp. AN-11. The purified tannase was homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis and was dissociable into two identical subunits on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the tannase was determined to be 200,000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. The purified tannase showed a typical protein ultraviolet spectrum. The enzyme had a optimum pH 5.5 and optimum temperature at 30 to $40^{\circ}C$. The enzyme was stable at a pH range from 5.0 to 6.5 and at the temperature below $30^{\circ}C$. The enzyme was inactivated remarkably by $CuCl_2$ and $ZnCl_2. The Km value of the enzyme was $7.58{\times}10^{-4}\;M$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.158-164
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• 1980

The quality of commercial milk was evaluated by sensory testing. The results were summarized as follows; 1. A significant difference on the quality and preference was not recognized at 5 percent level among the sample of commercial milk produced by five companies according to the result of rank test for commercial milk. 2. According to a scoring test for determination of shelf life of commercial milk A, the sensory quality of the sample milk was maintained for three days at $0^{\circ}C$ to $5^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$ for one day at $20^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$. 3. According to the result of profile test for commercial dried milk C, dilution number was 20.0 and sensory quality of the dried milk was comparatively satisfactory. 4. According to the result of profile test for commercial milk, the synthetics flavor of each milk was generally evaluated as excellent and the intensity of flavor was somewhat different among the samples of commercial milk produced by five companies. 5. A significant difference on the flavor of milk was recognized among five sample of commercial milk by both difference test and profile test but not recognized by rank test.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.165-169
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• 1980

Consumer acceptance and preference tests for commercial milk were run with laboratory consumer panel. The results were summarized as follows: 1. According to result of the paired comparison preference test between milk K and each of 4 commercial milk tested a significant difference in the consumer preference was not recognized at 5 percent level 2. According to result of hedonic scale test for commercial milk, a significant difference on both treatment and panel member effect was not recognized at 5 percent level. 3. According to result of food action scale test for commercial milk, the frequency of 'I would drink this every opportunity I had' was the highest as 38 percent. 4. According to the rank test for the determination of the preference for milk flavor on the temperature of sample, the frequency of sampling at $20^{\circ}C$ was the highest. 5. A significant difference on the flavor of milk was recognized among 5 samples of commercial milk by both difference test and profile test as reported in the previous paper (Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 12(3), 150 and 158(1980)), but not by rank test, preference test and hedonic scale test. This fact suggests that rank test, preference test and hedonic scale test are influenced by the difference on the preference of the panel members and on the basis of quality, etc.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.58-64
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of a two-week palliative care education program on Korean Hospice volunteers. Methods: A total of 71 volunteers were assigned to two groups: Group A (intervention, n=34) and Group B (usual care, n=37). Group A received six sessions of palliative care education for two weeks. The level of volunteers' motivation, death anxiety, and communication with the dying were measured at baseline and after the program ended. Results: The palliative care education program had positive influence on the volunteers' motivation (t=2.341, P=0.022), death anxiety (t=-2.166, P=0.034), and communication with the dying (t=-2.808, P=0.006). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that a palliative care education program may be an effective way to boost hospice volunteers' motivation, ease their death anxiety and improve their communication with the dying.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.5476-5484
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to verify the clinical usefulness of the virtual reality rehabilitation system which Academic-Industrial cooperation develop through clinical experiment for recovering the functional abilities in stroke. For this purpose, 24 Stroke(hemorrhage13, infarction11)participated in a clinical experiment. They were randomly assigned to the virtual reality rehabilitation system group(n=13) and conventional rehabilitation training(Activities of daily living, cognition training, motor control) group(n=11). All participant were evaluated with three standardized assessment tools(Functional Independent Measure; FIM, Mini-Mental State Examination for Korean; MMSE-K, Self-esteem scale) before and after the planned intervention sessions. All participant were intensively carried out for 8weeks, 3times a week. The results were as follows. The experimental group showed significant improvements for Activities of daily living, basic cognitive abilities and self-esteem related with life satisfaction after the interventions(p<.05). There were no significant differences between two groups for all assessment tool after interventions. Because of this experimental results, the virtual reality rehabilitation system showed the clinical utility for recovering the function in stroke. Further studies are needed to verify the clinical usefulness on the improvement of various functions in brain injury and dementia.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2267-2277
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 7 minutes a day, 3 times a week, for 4 weeks of abdominal meridian massage with aroma oils (AMMAO) by Volunteers on the relief of constipation among hospitalized disability patients with brain lesions. One group pretest-posttest quasi experimental research design was used. Subjects were 38 hospitalized disability patients with brain lesions. Data were collected from May 9 to June 19, 2011. Frequencies, mean, standard deviation and Repeated Measures ANOVA with SPSS 19.0 were used to evaluate the effects of AMMAO. The results were as follows; 1. There were significant difference noted in the amount of defecation(F=3.56, p=.033) by time. 2. There were no significant difference was noted in the frequency of defecation, the frequency of suppository or enema application by time. Accordingly, it is concluded that AMMAO would be an effective nursing intervention in relief of constipation among hospitalized disability patients with brain lesions. Therefore it is recommended that AMMAO be used in clinical practice as an effective nursing intervention for hospitalized disability patients with brain lesions.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2010

We conducted comparative study on metabolizable energy content of extracts of angelica keiskei and its byproduct. Total six different groups consisting of five test groups treated with angelica keiskei and one control group were compared. Each of the five test groups were given 30% of one of whole plant, extracts, fermented of extracts, byproduct and extracts plus byproduct, respectively, mixed with AIN93M. After 3 days of adjustment period, all groups were subjected to 4 days of test period during which the amounts of feed intake and excretion were measured everyday. All feces were treated for the prevention of decomposition and changes before its energy content were measured using a bomb calorimeter. The amount of excretion was $4.8\;{\pm}\;0.3\;g$/rat/3 days in control group and 9.9-15.0 g/rat/3 days in the groups were added with extracts of angelica keiskei indicating that the angelica keiskei-treated groups produce 2-3 times more excretion. Metabolic energy of control diet was 4,133.3 kcal. This was found to be 15 to 20% higher compared with the metabolic energy content ranging from 3,117.0 kcal/kg (extracts of angelica keiskei) to 3,259.8 kcal/kg (extracts plus byproducts) angelica keiskei-treated groups. This is interpreted as the result of the decreased metabolic energy in the test diets were substituted with 30% of ngelica keiskei-treated ingredient which has low metabolic content itself. One notable finding is that the metabolic content of the group mixed with byproducts and extracts (1,763.0 kcal/kg) is 27% higher than that of extracts of angelica keiskei (1,286.8 kcal/kg) indicating that mechanical grinding increases the rate of digestion and absorption increasing, in turn, the energy content used in the body. The results of analysis of overall caloric absorption showed absorption rate in order of Whole plant < extracts < byproduct < extract plus byproduct < fermented of extract.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.135-140
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• 2008

Cigarette smoke (CS) induces oxidative and nitrosative stress to the respiratory tract (RT) via both oxidants contained in CS and by CS-induced activation of RT inflammatory-immune pro-oxidant processes. CS exposure has been associated with reduced levels of plasma micronutrient antioxidants, in part due to an increased utilization and turnover of alpha-tocopherol (AT). It has been suggested that gamma-tocopherol (GT) may have an expanded spectrum of antioxidant activation compared to alpha-tocopherol (AT). In order to investigate effects of high GT supplementation as compared to AT, C57 BL/6 mice were fed control AT (35 mg/kg diet) or high GT (1,000 mg/kg diet) diet for 8-10 weeks and then exposed to 60 $mg/m^3$ CS, 6 hr/day for 3 days. AT and GT levels and their metabolites were measured at endpoints. High GT supplementation significantly reduced AT levels in plasma, liver and lung compared to AT. CS increased levels of AT and GT in plasma and lung of control AT group but decreased GT levels in lung of high GT supplemented group. Moreover, CS significantly decreased GT metabolite, gamma-CEHC. The results suggest that high GT supplementation have selective modulation of concentrations of vitamin E and its metabolite in plasma and lung but not in liver against in vivo CS exposure.