• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.264-266
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• 2016

A 21-year-old healthy Korean man worked on a building construction site every day for almost 2 months and exercised every day for 1 or 2 hours after working hard. He felt dizziness, nausea, and experienced vomiting and body aches immediately after exercise and immediately took cold medicines including acetaminophen, cimetidine, bepotastine, and Codenal? complex for the common cold symptoms for 2 days because he was scheduled to participate in navy training at that time. He complained of severe trapezius pain and aches in his left calf 3 days after joining the Navy training. Testing revealed creatine phosphokinase (CPK) 6260 U/L, myogloblin 176 mcg/L in the urine, liver enzymes increased, and oliguria, suggesting rhabdomyolysis. He recovered with intravenous fluids without any complications.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.409-428
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• 2016

The mechanical and aerodynamic effect of building shape plays a dominate role in the pedestrian level wind environment. These effects have been presented in numerous studies and are available in many wind codes. However, most studies have focused on wind flow around conventional buildings and are limited to few wind directions. The present study investigated wind circulation in the re-entrant corners of cross-shaped high-rise buildings from various wind directions. The investigation focused on the pedestrian level wind environment in the re-entrant corners with different aspect ratios of building arrangements. Ninety cases of case study arrangements were evaluated using wind tunnel experimentation. The results show that for adequate wind circulation in the re-entrant corners, building orientations and separations play a critical role. Furthermore, in normal wind incident directions and at a high aspect ratio, poor wind flow was observed in the re-entrant corners. Moreover, it was noted that an optimized building orientation and aspect ratio significantly improved the wind flow in re-entrant corners and through passages. In addition, it was observed that oblique wind incident direction increased wind circulation in the re-entrant corners and through passages.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.731-742
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• 2020

Due to incessant earthquakes, many historic South Nias traditional timber houses have been damaged while some still stand today. As Nias is part of an extremely active tectonic region and the buildings are getting older by day, it is essential that these unique houses are well maintained and functioning well. A post-earthquake condition assessment was conducted on 2 selected buildings; 'Building A' survived the seismic shakings while 'Building B' got severely damaged. The overall condition assessment of "Building A' was found out to be poor and the main structural members were not performing as intended. In 'Building B', the columns were not well anchored to the ground, no tie beams to tie the columns together, and eventually, the timber columns moved in various directions during the earthquake. The frequent earthquakes along with deterioration due to lack of proper maintenance program are responsible for the non-survival of the buildings. Thus, a process guideline for managing the maintenance of these buildings was proposed. This is necessary because managing the maintenance works could help to extend the life of the buildings and seek to avoid the need for potentially expensive and disruptive intervention works, which may damage the cultural significance of the buildings.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.363-374
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• 2018

The façade is an important, complex, and costly part of a building, performing multiple objectives of value to the occupants, like protecting from wind, rain, sunlight, heat, cold, and sound. But the frequency of façade fires in large buildings is alarming, and has multiplied by seven times worldwide over the last three decades, to a current rate of 4.8 fires per year. High-performing polymer based materials allow for a significant improvement across several objectives of a facade (e.g., thermal insulation, weight, and construction time) thereby increasing the quality of a building. However, all polymers are flammable to some degree. If this safety problem is to be tackled effectively, then it is essential to understand how different materials, and the façade as a whole, perform in the event of a fire. This paper discusses the drivers for flammability in facades, the interaction of facade materials, and current gaps in knowledge. In doing so, it aims to provide an introduction to the field of façade fires, and to show that because of the drive for thermal efficiency and sustainability, façade systems have become more complex over time, and they have also become more flammable. We discuss the importance of quantifying the flammability of different façade systems, but highlight that it is currently impossible to do so, which hinders research progress. We finish by putting forward an integral framework of design that uses multi-objective optimization to ensure that flammability is minimized while considering other objectives, such as maximizing thermal performance or minimizing weight.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.154-163
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• 2024

The energy demand in the world is expected to exceed 740 million TJ by 2040 and our dependence on fossil fuels needs to be switched to sustainable and renewable energy sources like solar energy. Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) is one of the best approaches to extracting solar energy. There are more than 200 BIPV products in the market currently but when it comes to integrating these products into the technical aspects such as buildings' structural integrity, thermal, daylight retainment and aesthetic prospects to be considered. The share of BIPV integration potential of different building types in the world of residential, agricultural, industrial, commercial and other buildings account for 66%, 4.8%, 8.1%, 19.9%, and 1.2% accordingly. Many solar technologies developed to achieve architectural requirements, but the main problem is the trade-off between efficiency and aesthetic appeal, which is less than 10% in coloured and transparent solar modules. This paper discusses the different applications of solar photovoltaics (PV) in building architecture, technical requirements, and different module technologies. The article provides a comprehensive guide for researchers and designers working on the development of BIPV integrations.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2006

Utilizing a building model design of the investigation factors and structured questionnaire, the results of an investigation concerning the improvement factors in the construction phase, as perceived by academic staffs including graduate students, designers, contractors and property management teams, are presented. Findings reveal that management commitment dominate improvement factors for building projects, although construction firms frequently mentioned the team work in design firms. Significant improvements in building projects are obtained when college programs include courses that treat the administrative aspects involved in the building project and that continuing education programs cover quality training. Eighteen predominant selection factors are identified, ranked and correlated.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2013

In the case of the fire to the exterior of the building through openings, the openings of the adjacent building are exposed to the risk of combustion expanding and factors that affect the combustion in the radiant heat and direct flame. Recent five years, fire of the adjacent building indicated that incidence of the 5,134(2.27%) among total 225,934 cases occurred The damage scale of fire expanded was lower than in a single building but casualties(5.46%) and property(25.0%) damage were higher. Therefore, this study provides to analyze the operating status for fire protection equipment of fire-preventing area in the Seoul and to apply measures to improve fire protection equipment according to narrow the distance between the building openings studied.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.150-155
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• 2011

It is a wide range of types of building materials. Depending on the flow of time for the increased interest in building appearance of quality new and different materials are being developed. In particular, the case of granite widely used as cladding, recently, China's low-cost stone disguised as a large number of local granite stone as the domestic industry has been a big hit. Therefore, the purpose of study is establishment of the database for granite building exterior materials. For that, the domestic granite and chinese granite are selected. The spectrums of these material are investigated and analyzed.

• 월간산업보건
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• 통권5호
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• pp.4-15
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• 1988

In order to proffer the fundamental data for the better working environment and the effective establishment of hearing conservation program on workers exposed to industrial noise, author assessed noise levels on the 42 noisy processes among 84 manufactures of 9 industries and measured noise gearing loss by the type of industries on 3,104 workers at these noisy processes from March, 1986 to Februry, 1987. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The averge of A-weight sound level of 23 processes(54.8%) and the avergae of sound level at each octave band of 14 processes(33.3%) exceeded the permissible exposure limits in 8 hours per day. 2. The noise level was the highest in process of cocking of ship building(109.1dBA), and followed by plating of steel rolling(104.3dBA), rivet of manufacture of motor vehicles(102.5dBA), shot of ship building(98.5dBA), aciding(95.7BA) and steel tubing(95.0dBA) of steel rolling, weaving of textiles(95.0dBA). 3. The permissible exposure time for the average of sound level at each octave band was only 30 minutes in the process of cocking of ship building, plating of steel rolling and rivet of manufacture of motor vehicles. 4. As a result of audiometric examination in 3,104 workers, the rate of hearing loss over 50dB at 4,000Hz was 7.3%(227 workers) and the rate of hearing loss over 41dB at 60average method was 2.9%(89 workers). 5. The prevalence of occupational hearing loss in ship building and manufacture of motor vehicle was 5.2% and it was the highest among prevalence of these 9 industries. 6. As a result of this suvery, the noise control and gearing conservation program were required especially in the industry of ship building and manufacture of motor vehicle.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.564-567
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• 2000

The use of amino acid derivatives as building blocks in peptide synthesis is increasingly being recognized as a potential route for the development of pharmaceutical agents. Side chain protection of polyfunctional amino acids such as Ser, Thr, Tyr is viewed as being particularly important. Although these derivatives are commercially listed, they are expensive and not widely available. We describe here a practical large-scale synthesis of t-butyl introduced D-serine, one of the building blocks of zoladex, a peptide drug.