• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.41-62
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• 2019

In this intangible good-oriented, modern service economy era, we have to first understand the characteristics of the healthcare service in order to enhance the competitiveness of the healthcare industry and achieve continuous growth. In addition, service nature and characteristics should be reinforced so that connections can be made to the organizational job performance. To achieve the aforementioned results, this study analyzes the direct effects service nature and characteristics have on job performance in the healthcare industry and investigates the indirect effects with individual personality as the moderating effect. While conducting this study, a total of 340 healthcare workers were surveyed. Survey data from a total of 315 workers were used for analysis during empirical investigation of the research hypothesis. According to the analysis, it was proven that interactivity and horizontality among service nature and characteristics have a positive (+) effect on job effectiveness. This means that customer needs can be identified at customer touchpoints to quickly and accurately provide customers with the products and services they want, while horizontality among service nature and characteristics have a positive (+) effect on job effectiveness. This means that customer needs can be identified at customer touchpoints to quickly and accurately provide customers with the products and services they want, while horizontal communication enhance from department to department and from colleague to colleague within the organization can be linked to job performance. Also, with regards to the relationship shared between the customer or the patient, the job performance of healthcare workers may also improve if they provide customers with their desired service as an expert at the same level. In a rapidly changing healthcare environment, if the healthcare service nature and characteristics are put into practical use, it will be possible to propel the growth of hospitals and sustain it while investigating the moderating effects of individual personality, a partial moderating effect was observed for self-esteem and growth desire. As the study on service nature and characteristics came about only just recently, there is a needs for futher research. The study focuses on the healthcare service industry and hopefully, it will serve as a base study that can be applied to different service industries as well.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.596-603
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• 2006

Purpose. This study examined Korean clinical nurses' intentions to care for SARS patients and identify determinants of the intentions. Theory of planned behavior was the framework to explain the intentions of Korean nurses for SARS patients care. Methods. A convenient sample of six hundreds and seventy nine clinical nurses from four university-affiliated hospitals located in Seoul and in Kyung-gi province was used. Self-administered (83-items) questionnaire was used to collect data. Intentions, attitude, subjective norm, perceive behavioral control, behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, and control beliefs were the study variables. All items were measured using 7point Likert scale (-3 to +3). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation method, and stepwise multiple regression methods. Results. Intentions and attitudes toward SARS patient care among Korean clinical nurses were moderate, but their subjective norm and perceive behavioral control of SARS patients care were negative. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that attitude toward SARS patient care, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm were the determinants of the intentions for SARS patients care as theory proposed. Among the behavioral beliefs, 'SARS-patient caring would be a new experience', 'during SARS-patient caring, I should be apart from my family', 'after completing SARS-patient caring, I would be proud of myself being able to cope with a stressful event' and 'with my SARS-patient caring, patients could recover from SARS' were the significant determinants. Among the normative beliefs, colleague approval, spouse approval, and physician approval were significant determinants of the intentions. Among the control beliefs, 'SARS-patient caring would be a challenge' 'SARS-patient caring is a professional responsibility', 'tension during the care of SARS patients' and 'support from team members' were the significant determinants of the intentions. Conclusions. Korean clinical nurses in this study were not willing to care for SARS patients and showed negative attitude toward the care. They believed their friends and family were not approved their care for SARS patients. Nurses were in conflicts between professional responsibilities to care for SARS patients and personal safety. This study was the first to understand stress and burden of Korean clinical nurses who are in front line to care for newly developed communicable disease such as SARS. Under the circumstance where several fatal communicable diseases are predictable, conflicts between professional responsibility and their personal risks should be taken into considerations by nurses themselves and by nursing administrators in order to improve quality of care.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.25-32
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• 2016

The current research was to investigate the effects of discussion activities based on Havruta style on elementary school students' social studies communication skills. For this purpose, we examined a comparative study between 5th grade students and other students of partner schools. As research results, first, online classes using video conference equipment and smart devices will enhance the students' interest and participation in class. Second, the Havruta style helps students not only acquire and internalize knowledge by themselves through the course of reciprocal questions and discussions but also improve presentations and participations. Third, it is necessary not only to draft a new lesson plan and to reconstruct the education process for video and online classes but also to develop the classes with a lesson plan after preparations and discussions with colleague teachers; the process of reflection, such as writing a lesson research journal, has a positive effect to improve the quality of cooperative classes. Fourth, using SNS discussion activities to serve as a complementary activity is good, and two teachers can evaluate each of the students' achievement. It is necessary to have a sufficient number of schools where video and online cooperative learning is possible with video equipment provided. To maximize the effect of video and online classes, various studies and teacher trainings are needed. Education office needs to provide a server that enables students in small and large classes to freely engage in cooperative learning.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.27-48
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• 2005

This study analyzed the structural elements of transformational leadership on hotel employees job satisfaction and organizational identification, and inquired into how moderating variables such as demographical characteristics and the features of hotels affect transformational leadership. The ultimate purpose of this study was to provide managerial implications to hotel business operators and hotel employees. The main results of this study are as follows; According to the result of factor analysis on transformational leadership and hotel employees job satisfaction, 18 variables were derived as two factors 'obliging leadership' & 'vision leadership' factor in the area of transformational leadership, and 31 variables were derived as four factors 'welfare and work environment', 'ability display and job stability', 'colleague relationship and job performance' and 'company policy' factor. Second, stepwise regression analysis on whether the type of transformational leadership at hotels has a significant effect on employees job satisfaction & organizational identification, 'vision leadership' and job satisfaction and the both 'vision leadership' & 'obliging leadership' among the types of transformational leadership appeared to have a significant effect on hotel employees organizational identification. Third, One-Way ANOVA and t-test in order to examine significant difference in the type of transformational leadership according to demographical characteristics and general characteristics, statistically significant difference was found according to income level, the current position, work experience, the type of hotel operation and the experience of job change.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.56-83
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to provide basic materials needed to enhance quality of organizational life by identifying the improvements of labor union management in the perspective of general hospital organization management. The subject of this study were 686 employees in 12 General Hospitals in Metro Capital including Seoul. Materials were collected from administrators, nurses and medical technicians in target hospitals from March 20 to May 10, 2005 through survey questionnaires. The main results of this study were as follows: 1. the commitment level of the subjects according to their characteristics was higher in older employees than the younger ones, large family to support than small family to support and those who had higher positions in labor union. 2. The commitment level of the subjects according to the job and role related variables were higher those who had higher satisfaction level to their job and manager, role conflict in all hospitals. 3. The commitment level of the subjects according to union related variables, variables jointly controlled by union and employer was satistically significant positive correlation. In other words, the commitment level of the subjects according to the subjects' labor union involvement was higher in those who had higher satisfaction in labor union and perceived their colleagues' attitudes more positively in all hospitals. Regarding the atmosphere of the relationship between union and employer and the level of commitment in labor union, the better the atmosphere of the relationship between union and employer was, the higher the level of commitment in labor union was in all hospitals. 4. The results of multiple regression analysis shows that formal and informal socialization, union participation to the union management cooperation program, job satisfaction, satisfaction with the labor union's were all found as important antecedents of labor union commitment. 5. Job and role-related variables, union-related variables, variables jointly controlled by union and employer, and labor union commitment level were all found significantly different in accordance with the characteristics of unions concerned. To summarize study results, the level of commitment in labor union depends on job satisfaction, manager's attitudes, satisfaction to their jobs, union satisfaction, their colleagues attitudes toward union and the atmosphere of employer-employee relationship. Therefore hospital managers should have democratic and flexible attitudes toward labor union. Additionally, as formal and informal socialization, union participation to the union-management cooperation program is important determinant in union commitment, hospital managers should have countermeasures to enhance the colleague attitude and job satisfaction level of hospital employees. Since this study deals with psychological nature of workers not a few drawbacks and shortcomings may be detected in the finding. Nevertheless, the finding of this study, to become a momentum that will stimulate further research to detect all the cues of labor union commitment and to provide valuable reference in forming logical union commitment and labor union-management cooperation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.351-361
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• 2017

In Korea, as the elderly population increases, elderly medical facilities and nursing care workers are increasing in labor force, but nursing care workers are avoiding nursing care workers due to poor working conditions and many physical and mental exhaustion of nursing care workers. Therefore, in this study, 284 nursing care workers were surveyed to search resources and to find alternatives to enhance the quality of life of caregivers. The result of research, The first, effected positively on the quality of life in environmental and social on a married women. The more a religion, effected positively on the quality of life in environmental and social, psychological. The higher the salary, effected positively on the quality of life in environmental and social, physical. The second, the support of a Superior effected positively on the quality of life in environmental and physical and the support of a colleague effected positively on the quality of life in social and physical. The third, the support of a Superior moderated by self-efficacy of the quality of life in the social and psychological. This results suggest that can be influential variables the support of social and the self-efficacy as an alternative to burnout of the care workers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.95-100
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• 2007

Busan-port is world's fifth trading port and is playing an important role in medium of revenue expansion and civic growth of Busan metropolitan city. Therefore, Busan metropolitan city aims at establishment of maritime special city with sailing of popular election third times. But this sort of goal can be accomplished when job satisfaction of port's personnel concerned is elevated. So, the object of this study is to research on job satisfaction of Busan-port pier management corporation's employee. Through the examination of preceding studies, duty contents promotion remuneration control sense of responsibility colleague relation guarantee job office quantity working environment. tenure of office sex age education are used as factors of job satisfaction. The finding of this study are as follows; First, promotion and remuneration exert significant influence upon job satisfaction. Second, the job satisfaction of Busan-port Pier Management Corporation's Employee is pretty low.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.98-109
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect on improvement of the Activity of Daily Living (ADL) and decrease the cognitive function and agitation behaviors by reminiscence with audio-visual stimulation for senile dementia. The quasi-experimental design was used in this study. Subjects were 26 with mild senile dementia who were cared for at a Day Care Center for Dementia in Seoul. The data were collected from March to July, 1999. Subjects were divided into three groups : Control Igroup with 10 subjects, reminiscence group(Control II group with 8 subjects), and reminiscence with audio-visual stimulation group(experimental group with 8 subjects). The Control I group got routine care as usual. Control II group participated in reminiscence sessions for one hour a day, five times a week , for a period of 4 weeks. The experimental group participated in reminiscence with audio-visual stimulation sessions for one hour a day, five times a week, for a period of 4 weeks. Instruments of this study were color photography with sound that was developed through an open questionnaire about events, objects, humans in action and animals that 100 Korean elderly over 60 would like to memorize. This was referred from the Sensory Stimuli Package by Namazi and Haynes(1994). The effects of treatment was evaluated through MMSE-K by Kwon & Park(1989). Also the Brief Cognitive Rating Scale(BCRS) by Reisberg et al(1983) for the cognitive function, through Agitation Inventory by Cohen- Mansfield and Colleague(1989) for behavioral response and through the Rapid Disability Rating Scale-2(RDRS-2) by Linn & Linn(1982) for the activity of daily living respectively. Data analysis was done using SPSS for $\chi$2- test, ANOVA, repeated measures ANOVA. The results were as follows : 1. Reminiscence with audio-visual stimulation did not improve cognitive function for senile dementia, but significantly improved verbal expression, the subscale of cognitive function. 2. Reminiscence with audio-visual stimulation reduced agitation behavior of experimental group significantly, but there was no significant difference between groups. 3. Reminiscence with audio-visual stimulation did not significantly effect the activity of daily living after treatment. In conclusion, it was shown that the reminiscence with audio-visual stimulation was an effective therapy to improve verbal expression and to reduce agitation behaviors of senile dementia. Further research with more indepth approach is needed, considering characteristic and level individualized for each senile dementia.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.238-254
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to provide baseline information useful for developing education programs to prevent sexual harassment in schools. Survey of recognition and experiences of sexual harassment and analysis of factors associated with sexual harassment were conducted. The data were collected using questionnaires from December 9 through 28, 2002. A total of 737 female teachers in Daegu participated in the survey. The data were analyzed with descriptive analysis, ANOVA, and T-test using SPSS /WIN 11.0. The study results were as follows: 1. As to the characteristics related to sexual harassment, $51.3\%$ of the female teachers had no experience of preventive education about sexual harassment, $37.2\%$ of the female teachers perceived that enactment of related laws had little influence on the prevalence of sexual harassment, and $59.8\%$ thought strict punishments are required. For teachers who have experienced sexual harassment in schools, $39.8\%$ thought that they must report to the counseling office or female teachers' meeting. On the other hand, $35.7\%$ answered that they would take passive actions such as talking to their friends or colleagues. 2. As to the mode of sexual harassment, participants regarded physical harassment $(4.06\pm0.78)$ as the prominent forms of sexual harassment, followed by visual harassment $(4.04\pm0.77)$, and verbal harassment $(3.86\pm0.81)$. Among physical harassment. 'touching a body part (shoulder, hip, hand, etc)(4.58) was recognized as prominent forms of physical harassment, while 'blocking one's path or impeding one's movement (3.48)' was recognized as least prominent forms of physical harassment. 3. As to the experiences of sexual harassment, $79.8\%$ of the female teachers had experienced sexual harassment. According to the characteristics of schools. public junior high school $(87.8\%)$, private high school $(83.4\%)$ and bisexual school $(82.5\%)$ had higher rates of sexual harassment. 4. As to the characteristics of experiences in sexual harassment. $65.3\%$ thought that sexual harassment was not serious, but $18.9\%$ thought it was serious and $2.2\%$ thought as very serious. 5. As to the characteristics of sexual harassers, $378.6\%$ were 'colleague teachers' and $8.6\%$ were 'principals and/or vice-principals'. Ninety-three percent of sexual harassers were , male' and $40.2\%$ of them were 'in their 40s'. In most cases. the offender of the sexual harassment was male teachers in the same schools. And more than half of the female teachers replied they had never had any education related to sexual harassment. which means that systematic education is quite urgent.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.114-136
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• 1997

This study was carried out to find out the effect of conflict between profession groups within medical institution. For the purpose, the questionnaire-based research was done with 605 persons consisting of specialists, residents, nurses, radiologic technicians, clinicopatholigic technicians, health record administrator, administrative employees who are working in a university hospital located in Taegu City from February 15, 1997 to March 2, 1997. The results of the study were summarized as follows. The subject profession group against which each profession group feels the most conflict in interprofession mutual recognition relation was found out as follows; Specialists(34%) against colleague specialists, residents(54.0%) against nurses, nurses(54.8%) against residents, radiologic technicians(44.0%) against residents, and clinicopathologic technicians(34.5%) against nurses, while it was shown that health record administrator felt even conflict against residents, nurses and administrative employees and administrative employees(48.1) did against nurses. Most employee group answered that medical specialists have a one-sided and individual attitude toward all affairs, while both medical specialists and administrative employees of hospital answered that nurses are one-sided. It was shown among such groups that radiologic technicians' conflict results from their thinking which mutual dependence and cooperation are lowest while individual difference is highest, clinicopatholigic technicians' conflict from the problem in mutual communication, medical specialists' conflict from difference in goals greater than other group, respectively lower than other group. The rate of vertical conflict between groups was highest for the health record administrators and then for the radiological technicians, while it was lowest for the medical specialists and then for the nurses. In addition, the rate of horizontal conflict was high for both medical specialists and nurses, but it was low for the health record administrations and clinicopathological technicians. The group with the highest job satisfaction was the medical specialists and nurses, and the group with the highest involvement in organization was the medical specialists and administrative employees. Also it was shown that both medical specialists and clinicopathological technicians show a favorable attitude toward patients. Factors having an effect on the vertical conflict included difference in goals, cooperation within group and leadership. It was shown among those factors, however, that only the leadership has an effect on all the groups evenly. The horizontal conflict was influenced by such factors as educational level, mutual dependence, difference in goals, cooperation within group, and individual difference, when an important factor was the difference in goals for all the groups. Their attitude toward patients was influenced by the vertical conflict and age, but the vertical conflict was the most significant factor for the medical specialists. In conclusion, it is required to control properly the conflict between employees as well as between profession group and to execute good leadership, so as to improve patients' satisfaction which is the key goal of hospital.