• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.649-664
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• 2015

Recently, the risk of security incidents has been increased due to change of IT environment and development of new hacking methods. Event study methodology that measures the effect of a specific security incident on the stock price is widely adopted to analyze the damage cost of security incidents on market value. However, analysis of company's temporary stock price change is limited to immediate practical implication, and reputation loss should be considered as a collateral damage caused by security incidents. We analyzed 52 security incidents of listed Korean companies in the last decade; by refining the criteria presented by Tobin's q, we quantitatively showed that the companies has significantly higher reputation loss due to security loss than the other companies. Our research findings can be used in order that the companies can efficiently allocate its resource and investment for information security.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2011

We try to find the determinants of fisheries firms' capital structure during the years from 1992 to 2007 in this paper. We also have a comparative analysis of capital raising behavior in pre and post-IMF financial crisis. Regression analysis is used for this empirical study. Dependent variable is leverage ratio and independent variables are firm size, operating risk, proportion of tangible asset, non-debt tax shield effect, sales growth ratio, profitability and dummy variable. We compared the characteristics of fisheries industry with that of manufacturing industy. The determinants of fisheries firms' capital structure and correlation between pre and post-IMF financial crisis are roughly same as the hypothses except a little difference. As a peculiar difference, corrlation between fisheries firms' operating risk and leverage ratio is (+) in the pre-IMF financial crisis, but (-) in the post-IMF financial crisis. Proportion of tangible asset has a (+) correlation with leverage ratio in pre and post-IMF financial crisis, but in case of manufacturing industy, (-) correlation shows in the pre-IMF financial crisis. Because, in the pre-IMF financial crisis, high proportion of tangible asset doesn't play a role of a collateral, but only increase the bankruptcy probability. Non-debt tax shield effect and leverage ratio have (-) correlation in all industry and all period, but only (+) correlation in case of fisheries industry in the pre-IMF financial crisis. Sales growth ratio has no significant relationship with leverage ratio in fisheries industry, and this is not coincide with our hypothsis. We have a limitation of the sample size of fisheries firms and sample period in this study. Further study is required to classify the fisheries industry with in-shore fisheries, deep sea fisheries and cold storage industry.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2001

Purpose: To find out the priority of which procedure has had a better outcome both clinically and radiographically between the two groups, one is treated by primary repair and the other by modified Brostr$\ddot{o}$m's procedure, by comparing the postoperative ankle joint stability and the patient's degree of satisfaction. Material and methods: 16 cases were taken into consideration whose number of severed ligaments were at least two or more of the lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle, and also were confirmed intraoperatively. Among them, 8 cases were treated with primary repair and the other 8 cases were treated with primary repair and the other 8 cases by modified Brostr$\ddot{o}$m's procedure. Results: There was no distinguishable difference for the patient's degree of satisfaction between the two procedures above mentioned. In 3 cases treated with primary repair, functional instability was observed. In case of postoperative ankle joint stability, 7 of 8 cases treated by modified Brostr$\ddot{o}$m's procedure has revealed increased joint stability. And 3 of 8 cases which were treated by primary repair have showed postoperative residual instability. Conclusion: Actually, the severed ligament can not maintain its normal strength though several months has elapsed, and possible residual instability could be remained. Therefore, it can be expected that modified Brostr$\ddot{o}$m's procedure also would be a .good method in obtaining suitable ankle joint stability as well as subtalar joint stability because of its reinforcement using extensor retinaculum.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.84-91
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• 2015

Project Financing (PF) is a financing method, executed based upon the projected profitability from a project itself instead of relying on the credit rating of project sponsors or any type of collateral. However, most financial institutions of Korea lacks the long term profitability assessment capability, and they prefer to acquire credit reinforcement from the construction companies in the form of the guarantor or debt argument commitments. As a result, PF contingent liabilities as an indirect debt, are burdened to the construction companies. Even though the PF contingent liabilities are not supposed to be part of the financial statements, they became a mandatory disclosure items since 2009. In this study, PF contingent liabilities were studied to indicate how they were correlated with construction firms' financial ratios. Construction firms were grouped by their credit rating and each group was compared in order to analyze PF contingent liabilities' impact on the financial condition of the company in terms of liquidity, liability, and stability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.5 no.4 s.19
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• pp.71-78
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• 2005

The principal basic concepts of aseismic design minimize damage of human-life and have little probability during life of structures. For detailed understanding of the design, the best reasonable countermeasure can be possible equally the smallest damage of human-life and economic loss. As a result, it can be achieved by notion of not structure-centered but city-centered, the notion is actualized by development of a macro-level evaluation. A seismic damage between city and country is different. And the larger the city then, the greater the loss by rather collateral hazards than collapse of structures. Hence, the macro-evaluation of an earthquake disaster is suitable for an old city where is center of political and economic activity, and is concentration of population and infrastructure. This study aims to develop comprehensive earthquake desaster risk index, and assesses relative earthquake risk of six zones in Seoul metropolitan area.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.101-108
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• 2013

In this paper, we examine the impact of family ownership mechanism on the firm's debt policy. Our results show that family firms tend to have a lower debt level, compared with non-family firms. Foreign investors are found to lead to a reduction in the firm's debt level through their monitoring incentives for dominating large shareholders. The firm's profitablily is related to a lower level of debt, whereas higher tangible assets and firm size are positively associated with high debt ratios due to the possibility of large collateral assets. Some implications are that foreign investors can reduce the agency costs of dominating large shareholders in family firms through monitoring activities, thus enhancing the efficiency of business decision-makings.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 1972

Recently we experienced a case of the portal hypertension, extrahepatlc origin in the National Medical Center, Seoul. The case was a male aged 19 who was undergone the elective splenorenal shunt with splenectomy 9 years ago and emergency ligation of the coronary vein because of recurred variceal rupture 6 years later and had recurring esophageal varices with bleeding this time.At the age of 10 he had been occasionally suffering from nasal bleeding and visited to our Pediatric department, when there was encountered for the first time the splenomegaly, esophageal varices in the lower third esophagus on the esophagogram, and stenosis and kinking of the portal vein with rich collateral circulation on the splenoportography without hepatic functional impairment.The elective splenorenal shunt with splenectomy was undergone under the diagnosis of portal hypertension due to congenital anomaly of the portal vein and postoperatlvely no troubles had been obtained until postoperative 1st attack of massive hematemesis due to esophagenl variceal rupture recurred about 6 years later which was confirmed by control esophagogram and it was resulted by stenosis of previous anastomotic site of the splenorenal shunt.Then emergency ligation of the coronary vein was only made for bleeding control and no episodes of hematemesis had been encountered thereafter until April 1972 about 3 years after the 2nd operation, when hematemesis recurred again. In this time, recurring esophageal varices were noted in the lower third esophagus on the control esophagogram and he was employed side to end mesocaval shunt as the final step of portal decompression,and following results were obtained. 1] No postoperatlve troubles as leg edema or pain: Postoperatively leg elevation and elastic bandage on the both legs were employed until discharge. 2] During operation the portal pressure was 300 mm $H_2O$ and immediately lowered to 170 mm $H_2O$ after shunt.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.83-88
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• 2006

Orthostatic or postural proteinuria is a benign condition characterized by the presence of protein in urine samples collected in the upright position during the day and its absence in the supine position. Recently, nutcracker phenomenon has been documented as the source of postural proteinuria. The nutcracker phenomenon refers to compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery, resulting in elevation of pressure in the left renal vein, leading to congestion of the left kidney and occasionally to collateral veins formation. Entrapment of the left renal vein is a cause of left-sided gross hematuria, ureteral and peripelvic varices, unexplained left flank pain and variable degrees of orthostatic proteinuria. We report the case of a 14-year-old girl with orthostatic proteinuria, diagnosed as having nutcracker syndrome by doppler sonography and MR angiography. Because daily protein excretion was more than 1.5 grams over 3 years of follow up, we decided to perform a renal biopsy which revealed moderate mesangial cell proliferation in all glomeruli.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 2012

Objectives : The aim of this study was to understand the meaning of meridian in "Woegwasimbeopyogyeol (WGS)" of "The Golden Mirror of Medicine (GMM)". Methods : We compared the meaning of meridian in WGS with in Jagusimbeopyogyeol (JGS) of GMM. Results : Objectivity and clearness is obtained by inserting the meridian and collateral diagram and the partially expanded diagram in WGS and JGS. The meridian song (a quatrain with seven) in WGS is placed at the beginning of the chapter, indicating its importance. Kihyeoldaso of 12 meridians is detailed in WGS, so as to reduce the harmful effect when doctors diagnose, treat and prognose. It is important to understand the meaning of meridian When doctors treat carbunculosis. The symptoms of a disease is classified by parts and shown in diagram, which can play an important role in diagnosis. Conclusions : The WGS follows the meanings of meridian and the complementary structure in JGS.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.3827-3833
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• 2011

This paper performed empirical tests of the validity of the pecking order theory which explains financing behavior of firms under information asymmetry. The results of regression analyses using the data of listed manufacturing companies in the Korean Stock Market from 1981 to 2010 have shown strong evidences supporting the pecking order theory. Especially regression coefficients of change of debt on funds deficit and control variables were found to be almost (+1) with statistically significance, which is interpreted as being consistent with the pecking order theory. Same results were found when I performed regression analyses by dividing the sample period into pre-currency crisis period, currency crisis period and post-currency crisis period and using 2 regression models. Change of tangible asset were found to function as collateral rather than reducing information asymmetry and as the firm size decreased, use of debt increased and as profitability increased use of debt decreased, which are consistent with the pecking order theory.