• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.161-173
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• 2019

In this study, the antioxidative and inhibitory activity of tyrosinase and collagenase for the solvent extract and silica column fractions of Artocarpus nitidus were evaluated. The activities were quantified using the 4 parameter logistic. LC/MS analysis showed that the major component of the fractions was polyphenol and the total polyphenol content of the extract was $48.1{\pm}2.6mg\;GAE/g$. The radical scavenging activities ($SC_{50}$) for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl of the extract, fraction-1 and fraction-2 were 16.7, 42.0 and $10.1{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The value for fraction-2 was the closest to ascorbic acid ($1.5{\mu}g/mL$). The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the extracts and the fractions showed $IC_{50}$ of 64.9, 0.9 and $1.2{\mu}g/mL$, respectively, and overall activity was higher than that of kojic acid ($7.4{\mu}g/mL$) and arbutin ($119.0{\mu}g/mL$). In the experiment by zebrafish embryo, the whitening activity of fraction-2 (27.5%) was higher than that of kojic acid (18.6%), and there was no adverse effect up to $500{\mu}g/mL$ of fraction-2. For the collagenase inhibitory activity, the samples showed $IC_{50}$ of 139.8, 20.6, and $16.8{\mu}g/mL$, respectively, which were competitive to 1, 10-Phenanthroline ($55.4{\mu}g/mL$). The extract and fraction-2 showed $IC_{50}$ of 61.8 and $67.1{\mu}g/mL$ for elastase. These results suggest that A. nitidus extract can be used as a cosmetic material useful for antioxidant, whitening, and prevention of skin aging without adverse effects.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-oxidative and anti-atopic dermatitis effects of persimmon leaf extract obtained from Cheongdo-gun, where more than 60% of Korean persimmon is produced. Methods : Anti-oxidative effects of the crude persimmon leaf extract harvested monthly between May and November were determined by in vitro assay using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like reaction. Anti-atopic dermatitis effects of the crude persimmon leaf extract were determined by using collagenase type I inhibition assay and by quantitative assays including serum histamine, prostaglandin E metabolite and leukotriene $B_4$ levels in animal model of atopic dermatitis using Balb/c mice. Results : Persimmon leaf extract harvested in May had higher levels of total phenolic compounds (182.24 mg/g) and flavonoids (23.05 mg/g) than the ones of different month extract. Also, persimmon leaf extract harvested in May showed the most effective extract scavenging activities of DPPH free radical ($13.39{\pm}0.21\;{\mu}g/ml$) and superoxide anion radical ($40.52{\pm}2.32\;{\mu}g/ml$), leading to use the persimmon leaf extract harvested in May for the experiments hereafter. Persimmon leaf extract showed $326.71{\pm}4.6\;{\mu}g/ml$ of 50% inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) for collagenase type I which is responsible for the degradation of extracellular matrix. In addition, persimmon leaf extract application group could decrease serum levels of histamine, prostaglandin E metabolite and leukotriene $B_4$ compared to the negative control in animal model of atopic dermatitis. Especially, persimmon leaf extract showed a significantly decreased serum leukotriene $B_4$ level relative to the levels of histamine and prostaglandin E metabolite. Conclusions : Persimmon leaf extract showed anti-oxidative and anti-atopic dermatitis effects in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that persimmon leaf extract may have immunoregulatory function for alleviating atopic dermatitis by decreasing collagenase activity and mast cell activation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1071-1079
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• 2019

In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and anti-aging activities of Schisandra chinensis seed fractions by adding them to UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells and analyzing the suppression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). An electron-donating assay, ABTS radical scavenging assay, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of S. chinensis seed (SCEAf) has scavenging activities. A collagenase inhibition activity assay showed that SCEAf had inhibitory effects of over 92.3% at $500{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. An MTT assay was performed to determine the cytotoxicity of SCEAf in HaCaT cells and the results showed that SCEAf increased cellular viability in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, SCEAf was found to increase the viability of cells irradiatged by UVB $50mJ/cm^2$. To examine the anti-aging effects of SCEAf on HaCaT cells irradiated with UVB $50mJ/cm^2$, the expression of MMP-1 and -3 was analyzed by Western blotting and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that MMP-1 and -3 proteins and mRNA levels were downregulated in a concentration-dependent manner in response to SCEAf. These results suggest that SCEAf can prevent aging and alleviate aging symptoms by inhibiting collagenase activity in skin keratinocytes damaged by UVB. Therefore, S. chinensis seeds may have the potential for use as functional ingredients with anti-aging effects in the cosmetic and food industries.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1033-1043
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• 2020

This study investigated the impacts of gelatin hydrolysate addition on the technological properties and lipid oxidation stability of cooked sausage. Gelatin hydrolysate was prepared from pork and duck skin gelatin, through stepwise hydrolysis using collagenase and pepsin. The cooked sausages were formulated without gelatin (control) or with 1% pork skin gelatin, 1% duck skin gelatin, 1% pork skin gelatin hydrolysate, and 1% duck skin gelatin hydrolysate. The pH, color characteristics, protein solubility, cooking loss, and textural properties of cooked sausages were evaluated, and the 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value was measured weekly to determine lipid oxidation stability during 4 wk of refrigerated storage. Enzymatic hydrolysis of gelatin decreased protein content and CIE L* but increased redness and yellowness (p<0.05). When 1% gelatin or gelatin hydrolysate was incorporated in cooked sausage, however, little to no impacts on pH value, moisture content, protein content, color characteristics, protein solubility, and cooking loss were found (p>0.05). The addition of 1% duck skin gelatin hydrolysate increased the cohesiveness and chewiness of cooked sausages. The inclusion of 1% duck skin gelatin accelerated lipid oxidation of cooked sausages during refrigerated storage (p<0.05), whereas duck skin gelatin hydrolysate caused a lower TBARS value in cooked sausage compared to duck skin gelatin. The results show comparable effects of gelatin and gelatin hydrolysate addition on the technological properties of cooked sausages; however, the oxidative stability of raw materials for gelatin extraction should be evaluated clearly in further studies.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.939-955
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• 1998

Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix(ABR) is important prescriptions that have been used in oriental medicine for stomatitis and wound healing. The study was done to evaluate the inhibitory effects of cytotoxicity, formation of superoxide on the macrophage and neutrophil, prostaglandins($PGE_2$), interleukins($IL-1{\beta}$), collagenase activity and synthesis of collagen and DNA. The results were obtained as follows: 1. ABR was not showed the proliferation difference of human fibroblast and monocyte in 0.01% and 0.001% concentrations to be experimented and in result, it was concluded that they have no cytotoxicity but showed cytotoxicity in 0.1% concentrations. 2. ABR inhibited the formation of superoxide to 48% at the concentration of 0.001% in the mouse monocyte. 3. ABR inhibited the formation of superoxide to 40% at 0.001%, 58% at 0.0001% as compared with control in the human monocyte. 4. ABR inhibited the formation of superoxide to 58% at 0.0001%, 40% at 0.001% in the human neutrophil. 5. ABR was not showed the proliferation difference of human monocyte in all concentrations to be experimented and in result, it was concluded that they inhibited the formation of prostaglandins($PGE_2$) in the human monocyte stimulated with E. coli. 6. ABR showed the all concentration of inhibiting the production of inter1eukins($IL-1{\beta}$) in the human monocyte stimulated with E. coli. 7. ABR didn't influence on collagen synthesis and total protein in fibroblasts. 8. ABR inhibited the collagenase activity to 84% at 0.1%, 69% at 0.2%, 76% at 0.5%, 91% at 0.001% respectively.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.837-852
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• 1998

Ulmus parvifolia(UP) is important prescriptions that have been used in oriental medicine for stomatitis and wound healing. The study was done to evaluate the inhibitory effects of cytotoxicity, formation of superoxide on the macrophage and neutrophil, prostaglandins($PGE_2$), interleukins($IL-1{\beta}$), collagenase activity and synthesis of collagen and DNA. The results were obtained as follows: 1. UP was not showed the proliferation difference of human fibroblast and monocyte in all concentrations to be experimented and in result, it was concluded that they have no cytotoxicity. 2. UP inhibited the formation of superoxide to 22% at 0.01%, 52% at 0.001% in the mouse monocyte. 3. UP inhibited the formation of superoxide to 6% at the concentration of 0.001% as compared with control in the human monocyte. 4. UP was not showed the proliferation difference of human neutrophil in all concentrations to be experimented and in result, it was concluded that they inhibited the formation of superoxide. 5. UP was not showed the proliferation difference of human monocyte in all concentrations to be experimented and in result, it was concluded that they inhibited the formation of prostaglandins($PGE_2$) in the human monocyte stimulated with E. coli. 6. UP was showed the all concentration of inhibiting the production of interleukins($IL-1{\beta}$) to slight in the human monocyte stimulated with E. coli. 7. UP influence on collagen synthesis and total protein in fibroblasts to at the slight of 0.05%, specially to excellent to 0.2%. 8. UP inhibited the collagenase activity to 20% at 0.1%, 31% at 0.2%, 45% at 0.5%, 24% at 0.01% respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1081-1087
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the extracts of 80% EtOH and EtOAc, BuOH, and D.W in Korean native Hypsizygus marmoreus. Antioxidation and antioxidant analysis to provide the possibility of a multifunctional cosmetic raw material. As a result of analyzing the cytotoxicity of the sample using the animal cell line HaCaT cell, it was confirmed that the toxicity of the sample hardly affected the cells. The inhibition rate of elastase was 30.41% at 10% of sample concentration and inhibition activity of collagenase was 11.65% at 1% of sample concentration. Hypsizygus marmoreus showed better antioxidant activity than similar mushroom. The total phenol contents of the fractions were 778.4 mg and 2.59 mg per 1 g of white mushroom, confirming its potential as a natural antioxidant. As a result, the extract of Hypsizygus marmoreus is considered to be highly valuable as a natural cosmetic material having antioxidant and antioxidant functions.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.100-113
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• 2011

Objectives: Brain edema is brain swelling that occurs due to the accumulation of excess water in the brain parenchyma. AQP4 and AQP9 are water-channel proteins expressed strongly in the brain and control water fluxes into and out of the brain parenchyma. This study was conducted to evaluate effect of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang on brain edema and intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods: Intracerebral hemorrhage was induced by intrastriatal injection of type IV collagenase(0.23 U/${\mu}l$, 0.1 ${\mu}l$/min) into Sprague-Dawley rat brains. Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang water extract(1,000 mg/kg) was administered orally three times every 20 hours from 4 hours after ICH operation. Then hematoma volume, brain edema percentage, and water content of brain tissue were measured. Immuno-histochemistry was performed for AQP4 and AQP9 expressions in the brain sections and area % of immuno-labeling was analyzed with image analyzing system. Results: 1. Water extract of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang reduced hematoma volume of ICH induced rat. 2. Water extract of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang reduced MPO positive neutrophils in the perihematoma of the ICH induced rat. 3. Water extract of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang reduced brain edema percentage and water content of brain tissue of ICH induced rat. 4. Water extract of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang reduced AQP4 immuno-positive cells in the perihematoma of the ICH induced rat. 5. Water extract of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang reduced AQP9 immuno-positive cells in the perihematoma of the ICH induced rat. Conclusions: These results suggest that Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang decreases intracerebral hemorrhage and brain edema by means of downregulating AQP4 and AQP9 expressions in the brain.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 1996

This study was carried out to establish the in vitro short-term culture system of developing male germ cells by purifing germ cells of various stages. The decapulated testicular cells were incubated with collagenase (lmg/ml) and try psin (2.5mg/ml) in HBSS. After separating male germ cell, the separated germ cells were stained with heamatoxylin/eosin and determined developing stages under light microscopy. The purity of pachtene spermatocytes a and round spermatid were 85%, respectively. Yield of total male germ cells was highly variable between individuals, with a mean value of 3.5 to 4.5 ${\times}$ 10$^7$ cells/testis. Viability of the cell was over 97% after separation. In DMEM medium, the optimal cell number for culture is approximately 1 x 10$^5$ cells/dish, but low cell den-sities than 1 ${\times}$ 10$^5$ cell/dish showed a decreased cell viability. Furthermore, about :36.8% of pac-hytene cells was successfully cultured for 6 days and some of cells were developed to secondary spermatids and round spermatids. Therefore, our data suggested that this culture conditions will be utilize as a feasible tools to produce tran-sgenic livestock using techniques such as intrac-ytoplasmic injection and cell fusion.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.364-370
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• 2012

In this study, the compounds of Prunus persica Flos were extracted with 70.0% acetone and were purified using a sephadex-LH-20 column chromatography. As a result, eight fractions were isolated. For whitening effects, the tyrosinase inhibitory activity was determined to be 92.2% in Fr.-8 isolated from P. persica Flos at 1.000 ppm. The melanoma cell-originated tyrosinase inhibitory effect of Fr.-8 from P. persica Flos was approximately 63.4% at 100 ppm. The inhibitory activity on melanin synthesis by Fr.-8 isolated from P. persica Flos was about 71.7% at 100 ppm concentration. For anti-wrinkling effects, the elastase inhibition activities by Fr.-5, 7 isolated from P. persica Flos were around 71.4 and 74.5% respectively at 1,000 ppm. The collagenase inhibition activity and collagen synthesis by Fr.-8 isolated from P. persica Flos was about 80.0% at 100 ppm. All these findings suggested that the fractions of P. persica Flos have great potential as cosmeceutical ingredients with whitening and anti-wrinkling effects.