• Title/Summary/Keyword: Coliform Bacteria

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Distribution of Indicator bacteria in Spring Water in Seoul (서울시내 옹달샘물의 지표미생물 분포현황)

  • 류승희;박석기
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.55-60
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    • 2002
  • In order to investigate the microbiological contamination of spring water, we performed the standard plate count, coliform and psychrotrophilic bacteria in 109 spring waters in Seoul. Of 109 spring waters, geometirc mean standard plate count was 0.19 CFU/ml, and the highest in Mt. Boolam, 4..43 CFU/ml and Mt. Dobong, 3.86 CFU/ml, but not detected in Mt. Woomyun and Mt. Cheonggye. Four spring waters have shown over 100 CFU/ml in standard plate count. The geometric mean psychrotrophilic bacteria was 49.2 CFU/ml, the most prevalent spring water was Mt. Nam, 125 CFU/ml, the lowest Mt. Woomyeun. Among a total of 109, coliform was detected from 21 spring waters(19.3%) and the geometric mean of coliform was 0.005 MPN/100ml. The isolated genera of coliform were 7 isolates of E. coli(33%), 5 Klebsiella(24%), 4 Enterobacter(19%), 3 Citrobacter(14%) and 2 Serratia(10%), respectively. The 22 spring waters(20.2%) failed to meet the standard limits of drinking water based on regulation in Korea. The inappropriate rate of standard plate count in spring water was 4.5%, that of coliform was 81.1% and both of them was 13.6%. There was the significant correlation between standard plate count and psychrotrophilic bacteria in spring water(r=0.95, p<0.01).

Identification of Coliform Bacteria Isolated from Nangmyun-Broth in Korea and Psychrotrophic Character (냉면육수에서 분리한 대장균군의 동정 및 저온 증식성)

  • O, Myeong-Hwan;Kim, Mi-Yeong;Lee, Jin-Yeong
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.203-212
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    • 1994
  • The nangmyun is a Korean iced noodle made by putting buckwheat-noodles into cold broth. Seven samples of nangmyun-broths were collected from Korean restaurants in Bucheon during July 1994. The contamination levels of nangmyun-broths by coliform bacteria were determined, and then the 40 colonies of coliform bacteria, isolated randomly from 4 samples of nangmyun-broths, were identified at genus or species level with the additional test for psychrotrophic character The coliform counts in nangmyun-broths were 6.0x102-6.5$\times$104/ml(average 2.3$\times$104%). Among the 40 strains of isolates, 27 strains(67.5%) were identified as the genus Klebsiella, 9 strains(22.5%) as the genus Enterobacter, 2 strains(5.0%) as the genus Citrobacter and 2 strains (5.0%) as the genus Escherichia. Among 27 strains of Klebsiella, 11 strains (40.8%) were identified as K planticola, 4 strains(14.8%) as K. pneumoniae, 2 strains(7.4%) as K. ozaenae and 2 strains(7.4%) as K. terrigena, but 8 strains(29.6%) of a typic\ulcorner1 Klebgiella could not be Identified at species level. All the 40 strains of coliform bacteria were psychrotrophs showing slow growth at 1$0^{\circ}C$, and 18 strains(45%) grew at 5$^{\circ}C$. It was thought to be a good basic data In describing the reason for too high coliform counts in nangmyun-broths that all coliform bacteria tested In this study were psychrotrophs.

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BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON MARKET SEA FOODS 2. Sanitary Indicative Bacteria in Slices of Raw Fish (시판 수산식품에 대한 세균학적 연구 2. 생선회의 위생지표 세균에 관하여)

  • CHANG Dong-Suck;CHOE Wi-Kyung
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.6 no.3_4
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    • pp.92-96
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    • 1973
  • This examination was carried out to evaluate the sanitary quality of slices of raw fish being served in the restaurants. Twenty five kinds of slices of raw fish collected from various restaurants in Busan Korea were examined during the period from March to May in 1971. As the evaluation factors of sanitary quality, the contents of sanitary indicative bacteria such as coliform group, fecal coliform, feral streptococci and enterococci and plate counts were determined. The results obtained are as in below: 1. The numbers of fecal streptococci and enterococci MPN were much greater than those of coliform group and fecal coliform. 2. The median value of coliform group MPN was 3,300 per 100 grams of the sample examined and those of enterococci was 5,400. The median value of plate counts was $1.8\times10^5$ per gram. 3. Fifty-two percent of the samples examined were exceeded fecal coliform MPN 930 per 100 grams. 4. As a sanitary indicative bacteria fecal coliform MPN was more reasonable than enterococci 5. The grade of restaurants was not correlated with the bacterial quality of the foods served. 6. No correlation between the numbers of sanitary indicative bacteria ana plate counts was observed.

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Survival and Thermal Inactivation of Coliform Bacteria after the Heat Treatment at 143°F (유우원(乳牛源) 대장균군세균(大腸菌群細菌)의 치사열(致死熱)에 관한 연구)

  • Chung, G.T.;Han, H.R.
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.137-140
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    • 1971
  • Survival and thermal inactivation after heat treatment at $143^{\circ}F$ were observed among 27 strains of coliform bacteria isolated from dairy cattle. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The obvious differences in heat-sensitivity were observed among the strains tested. 2. No strain was found resistant to the heat treatment of $143^{\circ}F$ for 30 minutes. 3. A marked effect of density of coliform bacteria on the survival after the heat treatment was observed. As the density of coliform bacteria was increased, the rate of survival was increased markedly regardless of the length of heat treatment.

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Bacterial Sanitation of Farm Water in Kyunggi Province (경기지역 목장수의 위생세균학적 분포)

  • 박석기;김성원;이강문;최성민;오영희
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.10-15
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    • 1993
  • Hygienic condition of farm waters has an effect on the hygiene of dairy foods. So we examined Standard Plate Count, coliform, E. coli, heat-resistant bacteria, psychrophilic bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterococcus for the bacterial sanitation of 78 farm waters in Kyunggi Province. Of the 78 farm waters, the average number of psychrophilic bacteria was 750 $\pm$ 170/ml, SPC 440 $\pm$ 130/ml, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 130 $\pm$ 97/100/ml, Coliform 22 $\pm$ 17/ml, E. coli 10 $\pm$ 6/100/ml, Heatresistant bacteria 5 $\pm$ 1ml, and Enterococcus 2 $\pm$ 1/100/ml. The percent of over than 1000/ml in SPC and psychrophilic bacteria of 78 farm water was 11.5% and 23.1%, respectively. The rate of over than 10/ml in coliform and heat-resistant bacteria was 12.8% and 15.4%, respectively and the rate of over than 10/100 ml in E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterococcus was 8.9%, 33.3%, and 2.6%, respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was no significant between any other indicator organisms, and psychrophilic bacteria was significant with only SPC but other indicator organisms were highly significant with each other.

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Distribution of Indicator Organisms and Influence of Storage Temperature and Period in Commercial Plant Food (시판 식물성 식품의 오염지표세균 분포 및 저장온도, 기간별 오염지표세균의 변화)

  • 이용욱;박석기
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 1999
  • There were few data for the distribution of the indicator organisms in the commercial plant foods, and for the normal flora and for the foodborne agents within the country. First of all it must be investigated the distribution of the indicator organisms. And also it is very important to prepare the sanitation criteria for the plant foods through the microbiological examination and the investigation of tendency to change of the indicator organisms according to the storage temperature and period. The average number of total viable counts for grains was 2.9$\times$105/g, psychrophilic bacteria 2.9$\times$105/g, heterotrophic bacteria 3.1$\times$105/g, heat-resistant bacteria 2.1$\times$103/g, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 23/g. That for beans was 6.3$\times$102/g, psychrophile 34/g, heterotroph 1.7$\times$102/g. That for sesames was 1.4$\times$105/g, coliform 350/g, psychrophile 7.4$\times$104/g, heterotroph 5.8$\times$104/g, Pseud. aeruginosa 2.3$\times$103/g. heat-resistant bacteria 150/g. That for potatoes was 2.0$\times$107/g, coliform 5.0$\times$104/g, psychrophile 1.8$\times$107, heterotroph 1.4$\times$107/g, heat-resistant bacteria 3.3$\times$104/, Staphylococcus 2.7$\times$105/g, fecal streptococcus 4.5$\times$103/g, Pseud. aeruginosa 7.0$\times$103/g. That for mushrooms was 1.2$\times$108/g, psychrophile 9.4$\times$107/g, heterotroph 1.0$\times$109/g, heat-resistant bacteria 1.6$\times$105/g, Pseud. aeruginosa 1.3$\times$103/g. That for vegetables was 5.9$\times$1011/g, coliform 1.8$\times$106g/, Staphylococcus 1.1$\times$1012/g, heterotroph 8.4$\times$1011/g, heat-resistant bacteria 7.6$\times$106/g, Staphylococcus 1.1$\times$107/g, fecal streptococcus 1.1$\times$104/g, Pseud. aerugniosa 5.2$\times$104/g. That for nuts 3.9$\times$104/g, coliform 3.9$\times$103/g, psychrophile 4.0$\times$104/g, heterotroph 3.2$\times$104/g, heat-resistant bacteria 400/g. In commercial grains and beans, SPC, psychrophile, heterotroph and heat-resistant bacteria stored at 1$0^{\circ}C$, 2$0^{\circ}C$, 3$0^{\circ}C$ were constant. Staphylococcus, coliform, Pseud. aeruginosa were decreased a little n grains, but were not detected in beans. In mushrooms, all indicator organisms were increased as time goes on and were increased rapidly at 2$0^{\circ}C$. In sesames, coliform was not detected at all temperature. psychrophile was increased for 7 days, the others were constant. In potatoes, SPC, psychrophile, heat-resistant bacteria, heterotroph had a tendency to increase and the others were constant. In vegetables, indicator organisms were had a tendency to increase, psychrophile, heterotroph were rapidly increased after 7 days. In nuts, SPC, coliform, psychrophile heterotroph, heat-resistant bacteria, Pseud. aeruginosa were constant, staphylococcus and fecal streptococcus were not detected.

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Evaluation of Microbiological Safety of Commercially Salt-fermented Fishery Products by Raw Materials (젓갈류의 원료에 따른 세균학적 안전성 평가)

  • Shim, Kil Bo;Park, Kunbawui;Yoon, Na-Young;An, Byoung Kyu;In, Jung Jin;Han, Hyeong Gu;Lee, Woo Jin
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.54 no.6
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    • pp.1045-1051
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    • 2021
  • Eighty-nine different types of commercially salt-fermented fishery products comprising various raw materials were analyzed for total aerobic bacteria, number of coliform bacteria, fecal coliform, and Escherichia coli. The food-poisoning bacterial content of the samples was investigated using next-generation sequencing. The mean mass of total aerobic bacteria in Jeotgal was 6-1.8×109 CFU/g, and that in Aekjeot and Sikhae was 4-2.2×105 CFU/mL and 1.9×105-8.4×108 CFU/g, respectively. Coliform bacteria were detected in 9 (28.1%) of 32 Jeotgal samples; 15 (46.8%) of 32 seasonal Jeotgal samples; and in 5 (55.5%) of 9 Sikhae samples. Fecal coliform and E. coli were not detected in 86 of the 89 samples. Yersinia enterocolitica was detected only in Galchi jeot (salt-fermented hairtail) (1 type) and not in other Jeotgal samples. These results contribute to our knowledge regarding the bacterial stability of salt-fermented fishery products.

Comparative Evaluation of Selective Chromogenic Media for Coliforms Bacteria Isolated from Food (식품 유래 대장균군의 발색 배지 분리 효율 비교)

  • Lee, Da-Yeon;Kim, Hee-Eon;Lee, Jin-Sung;Kim, Keun-Sung;Cho, Yong-Sun
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.222-225
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    • 2016
  • In this study, the performance of five selective media for coliform bacteria was evaluated. In total, 83 coliform isolates from ready-to-eat food and 21 reference strains were inoculated in five agar media : Chromocult coliform agar (Merck Millipore), HiCrome coliform agar (Sigma), CHROMagar ECC chromogenic media, Brilliance E. coli/coliform selective agar (OXOID), and endo agar (Merck Millipore). Coliform isolates and reference strains were inoculated on the selective media to test media sensitivity and specificity. The tested media showed the following sensitivities for the isolated strains: Chromocult coliforms agar and HiCrome coliform agar, 94%; Brilliance E. coli/coliform selective agar, 93%; CHROMagar ECC chromogenic media, 92%; and endo agar, 74%. In addition, all media showed 100% specificity, except for endo agar (71%). Moreover Chromocult coliform agar and HICrome coliform agar showed high levels recovery. Taken together, these results identified Chromocult coliform agar and HICrome coliform agar as an effective selective medium for coliforms with higher sensitivity and specificity compared to other media tested in this study.

Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance of Coliform Bacteria Isolated from Mineral Water (약수에서 分離한 大腸菌群의 일부 중금속 및 抗生劑耐性에 관한 연구)

  • Jeong, Jee-Yeon;Zong, Moon-Shik
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.63-73
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    • 1989
  • The purposes of this study were to find out the heavy metal and antibiotic resistant coliform bacteria from mineral water and the resistant factors. For the experiment, mineral water samples were taken from A area and B area during the period from march to July, 1988. The results of the experiment were as follows 1. From mineral water, eleven resistant coliforms and one susceptible coliform were isolated. 2. All resistant isolates harbored diverse plasmids of ranged ca. 14-54kb. 3. Susceptible coliform harbored a only plasmid of ca. 2.8 kb. 4. All resistant isolates harbored common size of plasmid of ca. 14kb. 5. As a result of the transformation and agarose gel electrophoresis experiments, resistant factor was R-plasmid. In conclusion, It is suggested that heavy metal contamination of mineral water is the selective pressure for the plasmid encoding the tolerance. Heavy metal resistance, in some case, is present with antibiotic resistance. Therefore, heavy metal contamination of mineral water induces antibiotic resistant bacteria.

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Incidence and Control of Coliform Bacteria in the Manufacturing of Commercial Kimchi (상업용 김치 생산과정에서 대장균유사세균의 발생과 억제)

  • Lee, Su-Jin;Han, Tae-Won;Kim, Ma-Rie;Seul, Keyung-Jo;Park, Yu-Mi;Jin, Ing-Nyol;Ghim, Sa-Youl
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.91-98
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    • 2009
  • As consumption of kimchi has increased, factories have begun to produce this traditional Korean fermented vegetable dish on a large scale. Following the rise in manufacturing, the hygienic conditions under which commercial kimchi is being made have become an issue. We isolated 17 coliform bacteria from commercial kimchi that had not been fully fermented. These bacteria were partially identified as one of seven different species from three genera by 16S rDNA sequence analysis as follows: Enterobacter intermedius, Ent. cloacae, Ent. amnigenus, Klebsiella terrigena, K. ornithinolytica, K. oxytoca, and Hafnia alvei. Lactobacillus paraplantarum KNUC25 has been isolated from over-fermented Chinese cabbage kimchi and its antimicrobial activity reported in the literature. In our study, the KNUC25 strain showed antibacterial activity against isolated coliform bacteria and some pathogenic coliform bacteria through spot-on-the-lawn tests and viable cell tests. Through development and use of a cell-free supernatant of L. paraplantarum KNUC25, we effectively controlled coliform bacteria in commercial kimchi.