• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.872-878
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• 2014

본 논문은 새로운 캐비티 공진기 구조를 이용한 반고체 상태 물질의 복소 비유전율 측정 방법을 제안하고 있다. 윗면에 개구면이 존재하고, Ground 판이 분리되어 있는 구조를 이용하여 반고체 상태 물질도 캐비티 내부에 위치할 수 있도록 했다. 공진주파수의 변화와 Critical-Points Method를 이용해 실험적으로 증류수와 0.9 % 식염수의 복소 비유전율을 측정하였으며, 측정값을 Cole-Cole Equation을 통해 이론값과 비교했다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2017

In this study, bioelectrical impedance analysis, which has been used to assess an alteration in intracellular fluid (ICF) of the body, was applied to detect intravenous infiltration. The experimental results are described as follows. Firstly, when infiltration occurred, the resistance gradually decreased with time and frequency i.e., the resistance decreased with increasing time, proportional to the amount of infiltrated intravenous (IV) solution. At each frequency, the resistance gradually decreased with time, indicating the IV solution (also blood) accumulated in the extracellular fluid (ECF) (including interstitial fluid). Secondly, the resistance ratio started to increase at infiltration, showing the highest value after 1.4 min of infiltration, and gradually decreased thereafter. Thirdly, the impedance ($Z_C$) of cell membrane decreased significantly (especially at 50 kHz) during infiltration and gradually decreased thereafter. Fourthly, Cole-Cole plot indicated that the positions of (R, $X_C$) shifted toward left owing to infiltration, reflecting the IV solution accumulated in the ECF. The resistance ($R_0$) at zero frequency decreased continuously over time, indicating that it is a vital impedance parameter capable of detecting early infiltration during IV infusion. Finally, the mechanism of the current flowing through the ECF, cell membrane, and ICF in the subcutaneous tissues was analyzed as a function of time before and after infiltration, using an equivalent circuit model of the human cell. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the infiltration could be detected early using these impedance parameters during the infusion of IV solution.

• 센서학회지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.386-393
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• 1998

비선형광학 단결정 KTP에 대해 고온 분말 X-선 회절실험과 복소 유전상수 측정실험 등을 수행하였다. 고온분말 X-선 회절 실험 결과를 Lipson과 Cohen의 해석적 방법을 사용하여 분석하였으며, 그 결과 $900^{\circ}C$ 이하의 온도에서는 어떠한 구조상전이도 없음을 확인하였다. 그리고 KTP는 $900^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 구조상전이가 있으며, 상전이 온도 이상의 온도영역에서도 직방정계(orthorhombic)에 속함을 확인하였다. 한편, 복소 유전상수 측정결과를 현상론적인 유전완화식에 적용하였으며, 이로부터 $K^+$ 이온의 hopping에 의한 KTP의 유전완화 mechanism은 $-78^{\circ}C$부터 $200^{\circ}C$까지 단일모드로 Cole-Cole relation을 만족함을 알았다. 이때 완화시간은 Vogel-Fulcher relation을 따르고 있으며, $200^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도영역에서는 hopping mechanism과 더불어 열적으로 활성화된 확산 mechanism이 KTP의 전도특성을 지배하는 것으로 보인다.

• 폴리머
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.532-537
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)를 dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)에 녹여 이 용액의 유변학적 특성에 미치는 PVA의 분자량분포의 영향에 관하여 고찰하였다. 동일 평균분자량인 경우에도 수지 혼합(resin blending)에 의해 분자량분포가 넓어지면 점도와 손실탄성률이 더 낮아짐을 알 수 있었다. 이것은 동일 평균 분자량의 경우 분자량분포가 넓은 PVA/DMSO 용액계의 자유체적이 증가되기 때문이라고 생각된다. 분자량 분포가 저장탄성률에 미치는 영향은, 14 wt%용액의 경우에는, 1.3 rad/sec보다 낮은 진동수 영역에서는 동일 평균분자량의 경우 분자량분포가 넓은 PVA/DMSO 용액계가 탄성이 더 크고, 1.3 rad/sec보다 높은 진동수 영역에서는 분자량분포가 좁은 PVA/DMSO 용액계가 탄성이 더 크게 측정되었다. 14 wt% 용액의 경우에 Modified Cole-Cole plot에서의 기울기는 분자량분포가 넓어지면 진동수에 따른 상전이 현상이 더 뚜렷해졌다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.108-114
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 인체의 전자파 해석을 위해 유한 차분 시간 영역법(FDTD: Finite-Difference Time-Domain)에 적합한 분산 모델링을 제안한다. 주파수에 따라 전기적 특성이 변하는 인체의 분산 특성을 정확하고 효율적으로 모델링을 하기 위해 상대 유전율을 2차 복소수 분수 함수식(QCRF: Quadratic Complex Rational Function)으로 표현하였다. WLSM(Weight Least Square Method) 기반의 복소수 커브 피팅법을 적용하여 인체 조직에 대한 QCRF 계수들을 추출하였으며, QCRF 분산 모델을 FDTD에 적용하는 방법을 논의하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 QCRF 기반의 인체 분산 모델이 Gabriel의 측정 데이터와 일치하며, FDTD 적용시 Cole-Cole 분산 모델보다 계산 효율이 뛰어남을 확인하였다. 단일 주파수와 광대역 주파수 신호를 입력원으로 한 모의 실험을 통하여 QCRF 기반의 FDTD 분산 알고리즘의 검증 및 분석을 마무리하였다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2010

The effects of molecular weight (MW) and concentration on the rheological properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) solutions in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were investigated at $30^{\circ}C$. Ubbelohde viscometer and rotational rheometer were employed for dilute and concentrated regime, respectively. In the dilute regime, the Mark-Houwink exponent ($\alpha$) of the solutions determined from three different MWs proved 0.73. The critical concentration (C*), in which the entanglement and overlap of polymer molecules began to take place, decreased with increasing the MW of PVA. Huggins constant ($K_H$) values ranged from 0.33 to 0.45 over the MW examined. In the log-log plot of $\eta_{sp}$ versus [$\eta$]C, the PVA with higher degree of polymerization (DP) gave a greater slope exhibiting the inflection point in the vicinity of C*. In the dynamic viscosity ($\eta'$) curve, the PVA solutions of DP 1700 presented Newtonian fluid behavior over most of the frequency range examined. However, the lower Newtonian flow region reduced with increasing the DP. As the PVA concentration increased, $\eta'$ was increased and the onset shear rate for pseudoplasticity was decreased. In the Cole-Cole plot, PVA solutions showed almost a single master curve in a slope of ca. 1.65 regardless of the DP. However, the increase of the concentration from 8 to 12 wt% for PVA solutions of DP 5000 decreased the slope from 1.73 to 1.57. In the tan $\delta$ curve, the onset frequency for sol-gel transition was shifted from 154 to 92 rad/s with increasing the DP from 3300 to 5000 and from 192 to 46 rad/s with increasing the concentration from 8 to 12 wt%. In addition, longer relaxation time ($\lambda$) was observed with increasing the DP and concentration.

• 센서학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2016

The bioelectrical impedance (BI) for the young and the elderly was measured using bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS). First, while applying a current of $600{\mu}A$ to the foot and hand, BI was measured at 50 frequencies ranging from 5 to 1000 kHz. The BI for young subjects was considerably lower than that for old subjects since young subjects have more lean mass (hydration). The prediction marker was 0.74 for young subjects and 0.78 for old subjects. Second, a Cole-Cole diagram was obtained for young subjects and old subjects, indicating the different characteristic frequencies. At 50 kHz, the average phase angle was $7.8^{\circ}$ for young subjects whereas that was $6.1^{\circ}$ for old subjects. Third, BIVA was analyzed for young subjects and old subjects. The vector length was 210.89 [${\Omega}/m$] for young subjects and 326.12 [${\Omega}/m$] for old subjects. At 50 kHz, the resistance (R/H) and the reactance ($X_C/H$) divided by height were 208.94 [${\Omega}/m$] and 28.68 [${\Omega}/m$] for young subject, and 324.33 [${\Omega}/m$] and 34.09 [${\Omega}/m$] for old subjects.

• 한국미생물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물생명공학회 2004년도 Annual Meeting BioExibition International Symposium
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• pp.80-82
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• 2004

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.73-77
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• 2008

The rheological properties of polar solutions are very sensitive to preparative methods as well as measuring conditions. The effects of dissolution temperature on the rheological properties of the solutions of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in dimethyl sulfoxide were investigated over the range of dissolution temperatures $70-130^{\circ}C$. Viscosity was increased as dissolution temperature was increased. PVA solutions prepared at 120 and $130^{\circ}C$ showed Bingham behavior, which became less noticeable with decreasing dissolution temperature. The modified Cole-Cole plot of the solutions gave slope less than 2, suggesting the solutions were a heterogeneous system irrespective of optical transparency. Further, the slope was decreased with increasing dissolution temperature, indicating that the solid character got more prominent as dissolution temperature was increased. However, the relaxation time of the solutions was little dependent on dissolution temperature.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.182-182
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• 2009

The effect of Re-oxidation on the PTCR properties of Sm-doped barium titanate ceramics was investigated by means of impedance spectroscopy. Electrical properties such as resistance vs. temperature, I-V curve were measured and microstructure was observed with SEM photography. Sample was fabricated with thick film process such as tape casting of green sheet, screen printing of electrode pattern, stacking, firing in reduced atmosphere and re-oxidation, etc. As the temperature of re-oxidation increases, resistance jump as a function of temperature enhances but resistance at room temperature increases. These behavior of resistance as a function of temperature, dependent on the re-oxidation condition, is analyzed with Cole-Cole impedance plot and is shown to be related with the degree of oxidation of grain boundary regardless of grain core during re-oxidation process of sample.