• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.29-40
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• 2019

Objectives : Hwanglyeonhaedok-tang(黃連解毒湯) is a representative herbal formula with "clear heat(淸熱)" effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Hwanglyeonhaedok-tang-based intranasal herbal ointment Biyeom-go based on the cold and heat pattern identification questionnaire(CHPIQ). Methods : We performed a subgroup analysis of the previously published prospective observational study. A total of 58 patients with rhinitis were administered Biyeom-go for 4 weeks, and its effects on the Total Nasal Symptom Score(TNSS), Mini Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire(Mini-RQLQ) score, and nasal endoscopy index score were analyzed based on CHPIQ. Results : Among the 58 patients, the heat and non-heat patterns were shown by 39 and 19 patients, respectively, while the cold and non-cold patterns were shown by 46 and 12 patients, respectively. The change in TNSS from baseline negatively correlated with the heat pattern score(p=0.011). Improvement in TNSS was greater in the heat pattern group than in the non-heat pattern group, with a borderline significant difference(p=0.07). Mini-RQLQ and nasal endoscopy index scores tended to be lower in the heat pattern group than in the non-heat pattern group, but without a statistically significant difference. Conclusion : The findings indicate that CHPIQ is a useful tool for the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of patients with rhinitis. This study provides fundamental evidence of the close association between the cold-heat pattern in patients with rhinitis and the treatment effects of Biyeom-go.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.59-74
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• 2022

Objectives : Evidence supporting the cold-heat symptom and sasang constitution type, which are diagnostic items of traditional Korean medicine, is needed to manage sleep disturbances, which is a typical symptom of mibyeong (subhealth). This study examined the association between each cold-heat symptom and sleep disturbances according to each sasang constitution type. Methods : This research was a cross-sectional study of 5,793 subjects from the Korean Medicine Data Center (KDC) community cohort survey. The association between each cold-heat symptom and sleep disturbances was analyzed by logistic regression analysis adjusted for several demographic variables. Subgroup analysis was then performed for each type of sasang constitution. Results : The soeum and soyang types were 1.53 and 1.26 times more likely to have sleep disturbances than the taeum type. Sleep disturbances were associated with 'coldness of the abdomen', 'watery mouth' in the cold domain items, and 'body feverishness', 'flushed face and eye', 'thirst', and 'scanty dark urine' in the heat domain items. The soeum and soyang types were 1.55 and 1.39 times more likely to sleep less than five hours per night than the taeeum type. In addition, the associations of those showed a different pattern for each sasang constitution type. Conclusions : Sleep disturbances are associated with specific cold-heat symptoms, and the associated cold-heat symptoms differ according to the sasang constitution type. These results may help traditional medicine specialists select customized interventions for patients with sleep disturbances.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.54-71
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• 2021

Objectives The purpose of this study was to revise Sasang Digestive Function Inventory (SDFI) and improve its validity and reliability using clinical data. Methods The Sasang type and Cold-Heat pattern differentiation by certified clinical specialist and responses to SDFI items were acquired from 419 hospital patients. The revision of SDFI was performed using item analysis and Explorative Factor Analysis (EFA). Furthermore, the validity and reliability of the revised SDFI (rSDFI) were investigated using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Internal Consistency and Item Response Theory (IRT). And, clinical significance of the rSDFI was examined for the differentiation of Sasang types and Cold-Heat patterns. Results The number of the SDFI items were modified from 21 to 15. And, the validity and reliability of the rSDFI subscale structure were found to be acceptable. The scores of rSDFI-total and rSDFI-E significantly decreased in the order of Tae-Eum (TE), So-Yang (SY), So-Eum (SE) types, and the rSDFI score of SE type was significantly lower than that of TE and SY types. The rSDFI-total score could differentiate Cold-Heat pattern in both SY and SE types. And the difference of digestive function between Cold and Heat pattern of SE type could be explained with the rSDFI-D score. The rSDFI-total score in Cold pattern significantly decreased in the order of TE, SY, and SE types, and the rSDFI-total score of TE type is significantly higher than that of SE type in Heat pattern. Conclusions Current results demonstrated the reliability, validity and clinical usefulness of the rSDFI in clinical patients. Therefore, rSDFI can be utilized as an objective clinical measure supporting the differential diagnosis of Sasang typology.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.353-359
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• 2005

Objectives: Dysphagia is a common in stroke patients. Dysphagia often affects the rehabilitation of stroke patients by increasing the risk of nutritional deficits and aspiration pneumonia. Despite the proliferation of physical therapies including swallowing training, much controversy remains regarding the application and benefit of them. Therefore, in this study, the clinical effect of moxibustion at Chonjung(CV17, Shanzhong) on post-stroke dysphagia were assessed using Swallowing Provocation Test(SPT). Methods: Dysphagia subjects were selected by Dysphagia Screening Test. Swallowing function was tested by Swallowing Provocation Test(sec). Direct moxibustion was applied to the acupoint, Chonjung, five times and Swallowing Provocation Test was performed before and after 30 minute. The Latency Time of Swallowing Reflex (LTSR) was checked by SPT. To find factors related with improving swallowing function, Cold-Heat and Excess-Deficiency Diagnosis were considered. Results: A total of 42 patient were included, but two of them were excluded due to severe coughing. Overall, the swallowing reflex improved significantly. In subgroup analysis on brain lesion, non-brain stem lesion patients significantly improved. Moxibustion was more effective in the cold group than in the heat group, but there were no differences between the Excess and the Deficiency groups. Conclusions: The result of this clinical study suggest that moxibustion at Chonjung(CV17, Shanzhong) is an effective treatment for the dysphagia patients after stroke, especially in non-brain stem lesion and the cold diagnosed patients.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.35-53
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• 2015

Objectives : In order to find how reference books of Yi Xue Ru Men reflect the classification and criterion for low back pain(LBP). Methods : From reference books of Yi Xue Ru Men, select the texts on classification and criterion for LBP. Results : According to the causes of LBP, Chao Yuan Fang(巢元方) in Sui Dynasty assorted to 5 types of LBP at the very first. Chen Wu Ze(陳無擇) in Song Dynasty made 7 divisions by external, internal, and non-external, non-internal causes. According to the pulse of LBP, Yan Yong He(嚴用和) first categorized 4 groups, Zhu Zhen Heng(朱震亨) added another 4 groups. Aside from this standard, Zhu(朱震亨) adopted the cause standard. Depending on Yunqi(運氣), Lou Ying(樓英) classified 5 types. But his classification had been not adopted by any TCM books. According to symptom of 6 varieties(六變), Zhang Jie Bin(張介賓) assorted external(表), internal(裏), deficiency(虛), sufficiency(實), cold(寒) and heat(熱), add 2 groups besides them. But his categorization did not reflect Yi Xue Ru Men. Li Chan(李梴), the author of this book chose causes and pulse classification standards that Zhu Zhen Heng had adopt. Conclusions : In the side of classification and criterion for LBP, Li Chan first divided 2 group, external and internal injury. After it he subdivided both groups to 10 subgroup. His classification is similar to Chen(陳無擇)'s, but actually followed the classification for external and internal injury that was invented by Li Dong Yuan(李東垣).