• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.187-195
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• 2020

To understand the molecular mechanism involved in the survivability of cold-tolerant lactic acid bacteria was of great significance in food processing, since these bacteria play a key role in a variety of low-temperature fermented foods. In this study, the cold-stress response of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum K25 isolated from Tibetan kefir grains was analyzed by iTRAQ proteomic method. By comparing differentially expressed (DE) protein profiles of the strain incubated at 10℃ and 37℃, 506 DE proteins were identified. The DE proteins involved in carbohydrate, amino acid and fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism were significantly down-regulated, leading to a specific energy conservation survival mode. The DE proteins related to DNA repair, transcription and translation were up-regulated, implicating change of gene expression and more protein biosynthesis needed in response to cold stress. In addition, two-component system, quorum sensing and ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporters also participated in cell cold-adaptation process. These findings provide novel insight into the cold-resistance mechanism in L. plantarum with potential application in low temperature fermented or preserved foods.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.37-66
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• 2019

In cold-formed steel structures, such as trusses, wall frames and portal frames, the use of back-to-back built-up cold-formed stainless-steel lipped channels as compression members are becoming increasingly popular. The advantages of using stainless-steel as structural members are corrosion resistance and durability, compared with carbon steel. The AISI/ASCE Standard, SEI/ASCE-8-02 and AS/NZS do not include the design of stainless-steel built-up channels and very few experimental tests or finite element analyses have been reported in the literature for such back-to back cold-formed stainless-steel channels. Current guidance by the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) and the Australian and New Zealand (gAS/NZS) standards for built-up carbon steel sections only describe a modified slenderness approach, to consider the spacing of the intermediate fasteners. Thus, this paper presents a numerical investigation on the behavior of back-to-back cold-formed stainless-steel built-up lipped channels. Three different grades of stainless steel i.e., duplex EN1.4462, ferritic EN1.4003 and austenitic EN1.4404 have been considered. Effect of screw spacing on the axial strength of such built-up channels was investigated. As expected, most of the short and intermediate columns failed by either local-global or local-distortional buckling interactions, whereas the long columns, failed by global buckling. All three grades of stainless-steel stub columns failed by local buckling. A comprehensive parametric study was then carried out covering a wide range of slenderness and different cross-sectional geometries to assess the performance of the current design guidelines by AISI and AS/NZS. In total, 647 finite element models were analyzed. From the results of the parametric study, it was found that the AISI & AS/NZS are conservative by around 10 to 20% for cold-formed stainless-steel built-up lipped channels failed through overall buckling, irrespective of the stainless-steel grades. However, the AISI and AS/NZS can be un-conservative by around 6% for all three grades of stainless-steel built-up channels, which failed by local buckling.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제41권10호
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• pp.900-908
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• 2018

Insulin resistance is closely associated with metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and atherosclerosis. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) have been developed to ameliorate insulin resistance by activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ${\gamma}$. Although TZDs are synthetic ligands for $PPAR{\gamma}$, metabolic outcomes of each TZD are different. Moreover, there are lack of head-to-head comparative studies among TZDs in the aspect of metabolic outcomes. In this study, we analyzed the effects of three TZDs, including lobeglitazone (Lobe), rosiglitazone (Rosi), and pioglitazone (Pio) on metabolic and thermogenic regulation. In adipocytes, Lobe more potently stimulated adipogenesis and insulin-dependent glucose uptake than Rosi and Pio. In the presence of pro-inflammatory stimuli, Lobe efficiently suppressed expressions of pro-inflammatory genes in macrophages and adipocytes. In obese and diabetic db/db mice, Lobe effectively promoted insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and suppressed pro-inflammatory responses in epididymal white adipose tissue (EAT), leading to improve glucose intolerance. Compared to other two TZDs, Lobe enhanced beige adipocyte formation and thermogenic gene expression in inguinal white adipose tissue (IAT) of lean mice, which would be attributable to cold-induced thermogenesis. Collectively, these comparison data suggest that Lobe could relieve insulin resistance and enhance thermogenesis at low-concentration conditions where Rosi and Pio are less effective.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2001

보통강도의 한중콘크리트에 있어서 동해는 일반적으로 콘크리트의 공기량 및 양생방법 등에 의해 억제시킬 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 고강도콘크리트는 낮은 물결합재비로 인하여 동결융해저항성이 우수한 것으로 알려져 있지만, 한중콘크리트 타설 및 초기양생에 있어서 발생될 수 있는 초기동해에 관한 연구는 아직 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 동절기에 고강도콘크리트를 타설할 경우 초기동해에 의해 발생되는 인장응력의 영향을 고려하여 인장강도비를 검토하고, 초기동해를 입은 경우 장기재령에 의한 강도회복성을 검토하여 동절기 고강도콘크리트의 현장적용을 위한 기초적 자료로서 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구의 결과 초기동해를 입은 고강도콘크리트의 내동해성은 동해를 받은 시점이 빠를수록 공기량이 적을수록 저하하는 것으로 나타났으며, 내동해성을 확보하기 위해서는 공기량 4% 이상을 확보해야 할 것으로 사료되며, 동해를 받은 후 양생에 의한 압축강도의 회복성능은 W/C가 낮을수록 초기동해를 받기 전 양생기간이 증가할수록 향상되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 향 후 고강도콘크리트의 동절기 시공에 있어서 초기동해에 대한 내동해성을 지니기 위해서는 인장강도 5kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$ 이상을 확보해 야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.441-456
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• 2024

This paper aims to develop Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to predict the buckling resistance of cold-formed steel (CFS) channels with restrained flanges, widely used in typical CFS sheathed wall panels, and provide practical design tools for engineers. The effects of cross-sectional restraints were first evaluated on the elastic buckling behaviour of CFS channels subjected to pure axial compressive load or bending moment. Feedforward multi-layer Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were then trained on different datasets comprising CFS channels with various dimensions and properties, plate thicknesses, and restraining conditions on one or two flanges, while the elastic distortional buckling resistance of the elements were determined according to the Finite Strip Method (FSM). To develop less biased networks and ensure that every observation from the original dataset has the chance of appearing in the training and test set, a K-fold cross-validation technique was implemented. In addition, the hyperparameters of the ANNs were tuned using a grid search technique to provide ANNs with optimum performances. The results demonstrated that the trained ANNs were able to predict the elastic distortional buckling resistance of CFS flange-restrained elements with an average accuracy of 99% in terms of coefficient of determination. The developed models were then used to propose a simple ANN-based design formula for the prediction of the elastic distortional buckling stress of CFS flange-restrained elements. Finally, the proposed formula was further evaluated on a separate set of unseen data to ensure its accuracy for practical applications.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.390-397
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• 2024

연구목적:본 연구에서는 혹서 및 혹한 환경에 노출 콘크리트에서 발생할 수 있는 재난을 방지하기위해 PCM을 활용해 콘크리트에 열성능을 부여하고 내구성에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 연구방법:두 종류의 PCM을 시멘트 부피대비 10, 30, 50% 혼입한 콘크리트를 제작한 후 공극량, 동결융해 저항성, 스케일링 저항성을 평가하였다. 연구결과:종류에 상관없이 PCM 분말을 콘크리트에 혼입할 경우 공극량이 감소되는 것으로 나타났고 10%, 30% 혼입시 동결융해 저항성 또한 향상되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 혼입량이 높아질수록 스케일링 저항성이 향상되는 것을 확인하였다. 결론: 분말형태의 PCM을 콘크리트에 혼입 시 일정수준까지는 채움효과에 의해 내구성을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단되며 실제 현장 적용을 위해서는 추가적으로 다양한 연구가 뒷받침 되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.202-202
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• 2017

Global climate change resulted in unwarranted change in global temperature and caused heat and cold stress, which are consider major threat to agriculture productivity around the world. The use of plant growth-promoting microbes is an eco-friendly strategy to counteract such stresses and confer tolerance to the plants. In current study, previously isolated endophytic fungi Preussia sp. BSL-10 has been found to produce phytohormones such as IAA and GA and as such, endophyte Preussia sp. BSL-10 found to induced tolerance against heat and cold stress. The results showed that under both heat and cold stress the plant growth parameter such as shoot, root length, shoot fresh weight and root fresh weight is higher in Preussia sp. BSL-10 treated plants as compare to free Preussia sp. BSL-10 control plants. In addition, the stress-sensitive endogenous ABA levels were significantly increased in Preussia sp. BSL-10 host plant. The current result suggest that the phytohormone-producing endophyte Preussia sp. BSL-10 can increase plant resistance toheat and cold stress, in turn improving agricultural productivity.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.202-206
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• 2018

Five solution styrene butadiene rubber/neodymium butadiene rubber (SSBR/NdBR) composites were manufactured using different ratios of SSBR and NdBR. In this study, the composites were reinforced with NdBR and silica to confirm the physical properties of SSBR used for treads of automobile tires and the dispersibility with silica. The morphologies of the rubber composites were observed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The crosslinking behaviors of the composites were tested using a rubber process analyzer (RPA), and the abrasion resistances were tested using a National Bureau of Standards (NBS) abrasion tester. The hardness values, tensile strengths, and cold resistances of the composites were also tested according to ASTM standards. Increased NdBR content yielded composites with excellent crosslinking properties, abrasion resistances, hardnesses, tensile strengths, and cold resistances. The crosslinking point increased due to the double bond in NdBR, thereby increasing the degree of crosslinking in the composites. The NdBR-reinforced composites exhibited excellent abrasion resistances, which is explained as follows. In SSBR, a breakage is permanent because a resonance structure between styrene and SSBR forms when the molecular backbone is broken during the abrasion process. However, NdBR forms an additional crosslink due to the breakdown of the molecular backbone and high reactivity of the radicals produced. In addition, the low glass transition temperature (Tg) of NdBR provided the rubber composites with excellent cold resistances.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2016

Pile foundations constructed on extremely cold regions cause serviceability problems of superstructures from repeated actions of ground freezing and thawing. Oil sand module plants are mainly constructed on seasonal frozen ground. Due to the freezing and thawing actions of grounds, vertical movements of piles have been observed. To solve these erratic pile movement problems, thin vertical layer of PET aggregates is installed around the pile shaft to prevent potential unfavorable pile movements. There is no known method to calculate "thin PET aggregate layer" -surrounded pile shaft resistance (capacity) against vertical loads; therefore, this experimental research is conducted. Specifically, in this study, horizontal (normal) pressures on pile shaft were assessed varying PET aggregate layer thickness based on the experiment.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.397-418
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• 2009

Eight panel specimens were tested in one-way bending to study the behaviour and capacity of composite slab joists consisting of cold-formed steel C-sections and concrete. Various shear transfer mechanisms were implemented on the C-section flange embedded in the concrete to provide the longitudinal shear resistance. Results showed that all specimens reached serviceability limit state while in elastic range and failure was ductile. Shear transfer achieved for all specimens ranged from 42 to 99% of a full transfer while specimens employed with shear transfer enhancements showed a greater percentage and therefore a higher strength compared with those relying only on surface bond to resist shear. The implementation of pre-drilled holes on the embedded flange of the steel C-section was shown to be most effective. The correlation study between the push-out and panel specimens indicated that the calculated moment capacity based on shear transfer resistance obtained from push-out tests was, on average, 10% lower than the experimental ultimate capacity of the panel specimen.