• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the International Welding/Joining Conference-Korea
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• pp.266-272
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• 2002

This study reviews the factors controlling the weld metal cracking and shows the difference from those of HAZ cracking. It further reviews the recent progresses made in consumable design for improving the crack resistance in the high strength weld metal. Previously the controlling factors for weld metal cracking were regarded as weld metal strength, diffusible hydrogen and weld metal height. However an overall review presented in this article shows that the cold crack resistance can be improve significantly through the microstructural control and that an increase in tensile strength is not necessarily related to a decrease in the resistance to cold cracking.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.890-895
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• 2002

Cold expansion method is retarded of crack initiation due to the compressive residual stress developed on the hole surface. Previous research has just been study about residual stress distribution in the hole surrounding. But, The purpose of this study was to improve the understanding of the residual stress effect in hole surrounding as crack growth from another hole. In this paper, it is shown that residual stress is redistributed due to the application of cold expansion process for CT specimen using finite element method. It is further shown that tensile stress increases in proportion to cold expansion ratio in the vicinity of crack. It is thought that stress intensity factor increases with cold expansion ratio.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.305-316
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• 1997

A more efficient method for obtaining the fatigue life enhancement of a structure member with fastener holes is described. It is based on the combined process of cold-expansion and ring-indentation. Residual stresses were induced onto premachined holes using ring-indentation process near the fastener hole combined with cold-expansion. And residual stresses at the vicinity of a hole were evaluated using a fracture mechanics approach. The compressive residual stresses were larger using the combined process than is in the case of simple cold-expansion. Fatigue testing of aluminum specimens showed that the fatigue crack growth retardation emanating from a circular hole was greater for the combined process than for a simple cold-expansion alone.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.101-109
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• 1999

본 논문은 항공기 구조물의 체결용 홀(hole)을 냉간가공(cold working)할때 홀주변에 생성되는 잔류응력이 균열발생 수명과 균열성장에 미치는 영향을 연구한 내용이다. 항공기용 재료로 많이 사용되는 AL7075-T6 및 AL2024-T3 시편으로 측정된 계수를 Morrow의 수명예측식에 적용하여 수정된 냉간가공(cold working)에 관한 수명예측식을 제안하였다. 수정된 계산식으로 얻어진 수명예측값과 실험에 의하여 이미 알려진 값이 비교적 일치함을 보여 이러한 재료에 대하여 수명예측이 가능함을 보였다. 균열성장 예측을 위해 역시 AL7075-T6 재료에 대하여 가중함수(weight function)방법으로 잔류응력 세기계수를 구하여 Forman의 균열성장 예측식을 수정하여 계산 한 결과 이 또한 알려진 실험값과 거의 일치함을 보여 실험에 사용한 재료의 구조물 해석에 유용 할 것으로 보인다. 본 연구는 항공기용 구조물의 홀주변을 냉간가공 (cold working)할 때 생성되는 잔류응력의 영향을 연구하는 기초적인 단계 일 뿐이며, 향후 실제 정비현장에서 적용 할 수 있는 대상분야와 연구 방향에 대한 보다 심층적 연구가 필요함을 보인다.

• Metals and materials international
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.1412-1421
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• 2018

Cold-expanded austenitic high nitrogen steel (HNS) was subjected to investigate the effects of grain size on the stress-controlled high cycle fatigue (HCF) as well as the strain-controlled low cycle fatigue (LCF) properties. The austenitic HNSs with two different grain sizes (160 and $292{\mu}m$) were fabricated by the different hot forging strain. The fine-grained (FG) specimen exhibited longer LCF life and higher HCF limit than those of the coarse-grained (CG) specimen. Fatigue crack growth testing showed that crack propagation rate in the FG specimen was the same as that in the CG specimen, implying that crack propagation rate did not affect the discrepancy of LCF life and HCF limit between two cold-expanded HNSs. Therefore, it was estimated that superior LCF and HCF properties in the FG specimen resulted from the retardation of the fatigue crack initiation as compared with the CG specimen. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the effective grain size including twin boundaries are much finer in the FG specimen than that in the CG specimen, which can give favorable contributions to strengthening.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.62-69
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• 1984

In this study, cold crack susceptibility of high strength steel (ABS EH32 Steel) welded zone with shielded metal are welding was investigated by tensile restraint cracking test method. Effects of diffusible hydrogen content on root cracking, lower critical stress, crack initiation and fracture mode, hardness value distribution of welded zone and fractograph were mainly investigated. Following conclusions are made: 1. In the view of the lower critical stress level, wet electrode, containing much diffusible hydrogen content shows lower value than dried electrode. 2. Hardness value(Hv 5kg) in Heat Affected Zone of wet electrode is higher than that of dried electrode caused by hydrogen embrittlement. 3. In the case of wet electrode, root crack is initiated and propagated in Heat Affected Zone and then propagated to weld metal, but using of dried electrode, root crack is initiated in Heat Affected Zone and propagated to weld metal without propagating in HAZ. 4. For wet electrode, quasi-cleavage fracture mode is majorly observed on the fracture surface of HAZ and partially of weld metal due to hydrogen embrittlement.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 2011

Fasteners are used to join the various electronic products and machines. So, the quality and reliability of the fastener are strongly requested. In this study, the analyses of the multi-stage cold forging of TORX screws for storage parts are carried out. In manufacturing of TORX screws, crack and folding defects are observed. Therefore, the analysis is focused on the prediction of the defects. Based on the analysis results, the upper die and process conditions are redesigned to reduce the defects. The upper die shape for preform forming is redesigned to prevent folding and sharp shape change. The Cockroft-Latham damage criterion is introduced to predict the crack initiation. Analysis results shows that the maximum Cockroft-Latham damage value is decreased by 40% in the forming using the modified upper die.

• 오토저널
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.31-40
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• 1983

A study was made of the effect of cold working and stabilizing temperature on the fatigue properties of Aluminum alloy 5083. The amount of cold working ranged from 14% to 35% and stabilizing temperature was 120.deg. C-160.deg. C. Rotary bending fatigue test was carried out, and it was found that 1) E specimen that had been cold worked by the cold reduction of 35% and stabilized at 160.deg. C for 2 hours was showed the most excellent fatigue limit and endurance ratio and, 2) By the results of the between crack propagation behavior and stress intensity factor, E specimen was showed the better resistance to fatigue crack growth than others.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.511-517
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 냉간압연 중에 실리콘 강판의 에지부에 발생하는 크랙을 해석하는 방법을 제시하였다. 본 방법은 손상역학의 개념에 기초하여 소재의 변형 중 발생하는 손상개시와 손상진전 및 파괴의 형태로 순차적으로 해석하는 기법이다. 이를 통해 압연 중에 크랙 발생 유무와 발생 후 크랙의 진전된 길이 및 형상을 예측할 수 있다. 소재의 파괴물성치는 일반 판상시편 및 노치 판상시편의 인장실험을 통해서 도출하였다. 압연중 발생하는 에지크랙 해석결과가 얼마만큼 정확한지 평가하기 위해서 시험압연기를 통해 얻은 압연시편과 직접 형상 비교를 수행하였다. 크랙의 길이 및 방향 측면에서 본 해석기법의 예측정도가 실험에 상당부분 근접함을 알 수 있었다. 마지막으로 실리콘 강판의 실제 압연공정으로 에지크랙 해석을 수행하여 초기크랙 길이 및 압연기 출측 강판 감기 인장력에 따른 크랙 진전 거동에 대해 분석하였다.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.405-408
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• 2009

Edge cracks in cold rolling always influence to the quality of productions, while the "V" shaped cracks were propagated by passing the roll gap. We set up the sizes and shapes of initial cracks in simulation according to the references from real productions. Different to in hot rolling, the cracks in cold rolling couldn't be reduced from propagation automatically after generated, even if these could be reduced by changing the process parameters. In this paper, we described the affections of process parameters on the propagation of edge cracks, such as reduction ratio and tension. We predicted that the dependence of the cracks propagations of changing of process conditions and expected to gain the smaller edge cracks. By raising the reduction ratio, the cracks were propagated increasingly in both transverse and rolling directions. And as tension raise, the cracks became propagated in both directions in which transverse direction was less effectively.