• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.636-642
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• 2022

The "Hydrogen Economic Activation Road map" was announced in 2019, and hydrogen demand is expected to exceed 470,000 tons per year in 2022 and keep increasing. Under this circumstance, it has become important to understand the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with various hydrogen production pathways. In this study, the evaluation of life cycle GHG emissions regarding the hydrogen produced as by-product from coke oven gas (COG) in steel mill is conducted. To cover the possible range of operations, three literatures were reviewed and their data of inputs and outputs for the process were adopted for calculation. Life cycle inventories and emission factors were mostly referred to GaBi and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines, respectively. When there are multiple products from a single process, the energy allocation method was applied. Based on these sources and the assumptions, the life cycle emission values of COG-based hydrogen were found to be 3.8 to 4.7 kg/CO₂-eq./kg-H₂.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.82-88
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• 2015

After a reheating furnace installation, the modification of the size and the heat capacity is very difficult. Therefore, the development of design package tool is required for the computation on the correct specifications before the design and the installation. Prior to development of the design tool, a module that calculates the amount of heat loss of each part according to the specifications for determining the thermal efficiency of a continuous heating furnace was developed and applied to the oxy-fuel industrial furnace. Through this, the effects of fuel type, oxygen fraction and recirculation on the efficiency of the furnace of which the output is 110Ton/hour were analyzed. In oxy-fuel combustion condition, the efficiency was 15% higher than air combustion conditions. With the using COG(Coke Oven Gas) instead of LNG, the efficiency was slightly increased. In the air combustion condition, the efficiency was increased about 33% with the preheated air. But, in oxy-fuel condition, the amount of exhaust gas was reduced, so the efficiency was increased about 7%.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.130-140
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• 2014

Rotary kiln burner has been developed continuously to improve process efficiency and exhaust emission. In this study, the characteristics of the flame and exhaust emission were numerically analyzed according to the diameter of primary air nozzle, equivalent ratio of burner, and equivalent ratio at center and side nozzle for development of multi-nozzle burner in the COG(Coke Oven Gas) rotary kiln for sintering iron ore. The results indicated that the flame length and $NO_x$ emission increase, as the diameter of primary air nozzle and equivalent ratio of burner increase. And according to the change of equivalent ratio at the center and the side of the nozzle, the flame length and average temperature in the kiln show very little change but the $NO_x$ emission shows obvious difference. In conclusion, the best design conditions which have satisfying flame length, average temperature and $NO_x$ emission are as follows: $D_2/D_1$ is 1.33, equivalent ratio of burner is 1.25 and center nozzle conditions are Rich.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.69-72
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• 2002

저발열량 가스(LCVG : low calorific value gases)는 석탄 가스, coke oven gas, carbon black waste gas, 화학공정 폐가스, 휘발성 유기화합물(VOC) 등 다양하다. 발열량 150~2,000㎉/m$^3$정도의 가스를 말하며 주요 조성은 H$_2$, CO, CH$_4$ 등이다. 화학공정 폐가스나 휘발성 유기물질 배출공정에서는 저농도(LEL 25% 이하)의 유기물질이 주 조성이다.(중략)

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2019

Greenhouse gas emissions have a profound effect on global warming. Various environmental regulations have been introduced to reduce the emissions. The largest amount of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, is produced in the steel industry. To decrease carbon dioxide emission, hydrogen-based iron oxide reduction, which can replace carbon-based reduction has received a great attention. Iron production generates various by-product gases, such as cokes oven gas (COG), blast furnace gas (BFG), and Linz-Donawitz gas (LDG). In particular, COG, due to its high concentrations of hydrogen and methane, can be reformed to become a major source of hydrogen for reducing iron oxide. Nevertheless, continuous COG cannot be supplied under actual operation condition of steel industry. To solve this problem, this study proposed to use two alternative COG-based fuel mixtures; one with natural gas and the other with biogas. Reforming study on two types of mixed gas were carried out to evaluate catalyst performance under a variety of operating conditions. In addition, methane conversion and product composition were investigated both theoretically and experimentally.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.17-24
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• 1996

The computer simulation model was established to verify the applicability of smelting reduction concept to treatment of industrial wastes which becomes issue on the enviromental and recycling view point. Computer simulation model provides as following results. The increase of post combustion ratio(PCR) and heat transfer efficiency of PC energy(HTE) is effective ways to save energy. But, in order to increase PCR, recovery efficiency of post combustion energy(HTE) have to be higher than 85% HTE considering refractory life and saving energy together. Coke is most useful fuel source because it shows lowest dependence of PCR and low hydrogen content. The quality of hot metal of current process would be expected to the similar level with that of blast furnace. The utilization of scrap and Al dross can be also possible to maximize the advantages of current process which is high temperature and chemical dilution with hot metal and slag. In case of scrap, energy consumption was slightly increases because of heating up energy of scrap. Consquently, current process concept provides the possibility of intergrating recycles of industrial wastes materials such as EAF slag, coke oven dust, life terminated acidic refractory, aluminium dross and scrap by smelting reduction process.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.27-36
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• 2016

The PMF result was compared with the result from the Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) modelling (Lee and Kim, 2007) to estimate major source of PAHs observed at Seoul from August 2002 to December 2003. Five major sources were estimated from PMF and CMB modellings respectively. Among them three major sources (coal combustion for residential, coke oven and biomass burning) were identified at both models.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.279-287
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• 2000

코크스 오븐에서 석탄 건류과정 중에 발생하는 석탄 중심의 가스압 특성에 대한 장입탄 수분, 가열속도 및 일반탄 배합비의 영향을 조사하기 위해 이동벽이 있는 pilot 규모의 코크스 오븐(0.45mW$\times$0.1mH$\times$1.2mL)에서 석탄 건류 실험을 수행하였다. 석탄 중심에서의 가열속도가 상업용 코크스 오븐과 비슷한 건류조건에서 장입탄 수분을 감소시켰을 때, 수분 증발 이후 가열속도는 비슷하였으며, 건류 초기 수증기압은 크게 증가하였고, 석탄 중심에서의 가스압은 습탄에 비해 대략 2.5배 증가하였다. 석탄 중심에서의 가열속도가 상업용 코크스 오븐보다 훨씬 빠른 건류조건에서 장입탄 수분을 감소시켰을 때, 수분 증발 이후 가열속도는 크게 감소하였고, 건류 초기 수증기압은 크게 증가하였으며, 석탄중심에서의 가스압은 습탄에 비해 대략 2배 증가하였다. 석탄 가열속도가 상업용 오븐보다 빠른 건류조건에서 장입탄에 일반탄을 첨가하여 일반탄 배합비를 증가시켰을 때 배합탄 중심에서의 가스압은 현저히 감소하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.70-77
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• 1997

표면연소버너의 모재 중 최근 많은 관심을 끌고 있는 금속섬유를 이용한 LPG 및 COG의 연소특성을 파악하였다. 연소모드, 매트 표면온도분포, 공해물질 배출량, 버너 전후단 압력 손실을 측정한 결과, COG 연소시가 더 넓은 범위의 적열영역을 얻을 수 있었고, 매트의 평균 표면온도도 높았다. NOx 발생량은 100ppm 이하였고, 연소부하 50kcal/$ extrm{cm}^2$hr에서의 매트 전후단의 압력손실은 30mmH2O로 압력손실은 거의 없었다. 적열범위나 표면온도분포 등이 가스별로 약간의 차이를 보였으나, 매트의 종류에 크게 상관없이 안정연소를 달성할 수 있어 가스 특성이 상이한 각종 가스의 연소에 표면연소기술의 적용이 가능할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.123-133
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• 1994

Oxidation behavior of STS 304 and 430, produced by POSCO, Korea, was studied in order to study the surface defects formed during manufacturing processes. Oxidation experiments were carried out in a preheat-ed furnace at 850~$1, 250^{\circ}C$ in air and in a simulated coke oven gas(COG) atmosphere. The reaction products were examined by XRD, SEM and EDX on their surfaces and cross sections. Protective $Cr_2O_3$-primary oxide film was formed initially, but at critical point this film was broken and a duplex scale consisting of $Fe_2O_3$- and Fe$Cr_2O_4$- was formed. It was more severely attacked in a simulated COG atmosphere than in air, and STS 304 was superior to STS 430 in oxidation resistance.