• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.430-438
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• 2023

In this study, we synthesized pH-controlled resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) gels through the polymerization of two starting materials: resorcinol and formaldehyde. The prepared RF gels were dried using an acetone substitution method, and they were subsequently carbonized under nitrogen atmosphere to obtain carbon xerogels (CX_Y) prepared at different pH (Y). The carbon xerogels were utilized as active materials for coin-type organic supercapacitor electrodes to investigate the influence of pH on the electrochemical properties of the carbon xerogels. The carbon xerogels prepared at lower pH (CX_9.5 and CX_10) exhibited sufficient particle growth, with a three-dimensional network of particles during the RF gel formation, resulting in the development of abundant mesopores. Conversely, the carbon xerogels prepared at higher pH (CX_11 and CX_12) retained densely packed structures of small particles, leading to pore collapse and low specific surface areas. Consequently, CX_9.5 and CX_10 showed high specific surface areas, and provided ample adsorption sites for the formation of electric double layers with electrolyte ions. Moreover, the three-dimensional particle network in CX_9.5 and CX_10 significantly enhanced electrical conductivity. The presence of well-developed mesopores in these materials further facilitated the effective transport of electrolyte ions, contributing to their superior performance as organic supercapacitor electrodes. This study confirmed that pH-controlled carbon xerogels are one of the promising active materials for organic supercapacitor electrodes. Furthermore, we concluded that pH during RF gel formation is a crucial factor determining the electrode performance of the carbon xerogels, highlighting the need for precise pH control to obtain high-performance carbon xerogel electrodes.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2024

Objectives : This study aims to clarify the interpretation of the verse "jinyinhuabohetangxia(金銀花薄荷湯下)" in Zhouxuehai(周學海)'s corrective commentary in the Xiaoeryaozhenzhijue(小兒藥證直訣), by examining traditional pediatric texts in relation to the verse. Methods : For each of the three possible interpretations of the instructive phrase for taking herbal formulas-Lonicera flower with peppermint(金銀花+薄荷), gold and silver with peppermint(金銀+薄荷), and gold coin peppermint(金錢薄荷)-applications of these herbs in the various pediatric books were analyzed to determine the most appropriate interpretation. Results & Conclusions : The formulary composition of Liangjingwan(凉驚丸) and Wusewan(五色丸) seems to sufficiently target the pathology of pediatric convulsion(驚癎) and heart malnutrition(心疳). Furthermore, it seems unnecessary to add Lonicera flower(金銀花) to the gastrointestinal fragility(脾胃虛弱) of the malnourished(疳). Some of the herbal formulas in the pediatrics chapter of the Zhengzhizhunsheng(證治准繩) include Lonicera flower(金銀花) to treat only carbuncles(癰腫, 腫毒), while other books do not include it in their formulas. On the other hand, instructions to take water boiled with gold and silver appear in many texts, including the Xiaoeryaozhenzhijue(小兒藥證直訣), and sometimes include gold leaf(金箔) directly in the formula. Descriptions of gold and silver pots with instructions on how to make herbal formulas were found as well, which supports what Zhouxuehai(周學海) commented on the Xiaoeryaozhenzhijue(小兒藥證直訣). Although gold coin peppermint(金錢薄荷) is currently used as Lianqiancao(連錢草) in China, it was difficult to verify its identity as Jinqianbohe(金錢薄荷), which seems to have been recognized as a type of mint in the past. No reported anticonvulsant studies of Lonicera flower(金銀花), gold and silver(金銀), and Lianqiancao(連錢草) were found. Peppermint(薄荷) was ubiquitous in instructions for taking herbal formulas treating pediatric convulsions. Therefore, the instruction to take water boiled with gold and silver, or to take the herbal medicine in water boiled in a gold and silver pot, rather than using Lonicera flower(金銀花), could be considered as an interpretation closer to the original author's intent.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.580-585
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• 1988

In this paper, a low frequency acoustic microscope system has been built for the purpose of detecting subsurface defects in materials. The lateral resolution of acoustic microscope is studied and analyzed in order to evaluate that system performance. And a NDE technique is demonstrated by using this system. In the focused and defocused mode of operation, the acoustic microscope system showed in experiment that its lateral resolution was about 0.5 mm at a frequency of operation of 3MHz on a fused-quartz sample with seeded circular cracks ranged in size from 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm in diameter wihtin 1 mm of the surface. It also showed the acoustic image of 100 won coin with fine contrast.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.247-258
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• 2013

A new secure network communication technique that has been designed for mobile wireless services, is presented in this paper. Its network services are mobile, distributed, seamless, and secure. We focus on the security of the scheme and achieve anonymity and reliability by using cryptographic techniques like blind signature and the electronic coin. The question we address in this paper is, "What is the best way to protect the privacy and anonymity of users of mobile wireless networks, especially in practical applications like e-commerce?" The new scheme is a flexible solution that answers this question. It efficiently protects user's privacy and anonymity in mobile wireless networks and supports various applications. It is employed to implement a secure e-auction as an example, in order to show its advantages in practical network applications.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07c
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• pp.2915-2918
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• 2003

The increase of vehicles stagnations leads to the increasing attention to the way customers pay and a large number of projects on electronic cash system. Tranport system is comprised of a number of advanced technologies, including information processing, communications, control, and electronics. Recently many research on a system which provides contact in order to protect driver's vehicle passage have been carried out. And some potential problems from that system are being reviewed by electronic cash system. In this papers, we suggest RF protocol developing technology using the concept of electronic cash. ATM electronic cash developing is consist of component of pre-developed coin throw, Integration of component using its, and production of more requirement-satisfactory ITS solution. Result increase 15∼40％ pre-type vehicles stagnations. Especially, we expect this proposed concept would be well adapted to our national environments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.39-45
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• 1997

Shadow moire topography has been used as a noncontact method for measuring the 3-D shapes of objects. The moire fringes are results from the superposition of a master grating and its shadow projected on the surface of an object. But in case of the classical shadow moire method, in general, the resolution is a few tenths of millimeter. It is difficult to use a phase -shifting method in shadow moire because it is impossible to obtain uniform phase shifts on the whole field. But in this study , We introduce a phase-shifting method to improve the resolution of the classical shadow moire method. This method is based on the fact that if the depth of object is much less than the distance between the observer and the master grating, the phase shifts are almost uniform on the whole field area. Finally, we applied this new phase-shifting method to the measurement of the 3-D shape of a coin.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.59-70
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• 2002

This paper is about the evaluation of stress response and recovery using biosignals and fuzzy theory. We caused mental stress by means of a coin-stacking task. During the experiment, 4 kinds of biosignals, including frontalis EMG, ECG, peripheral skin temperature and skin conductance level, were acquired. Then, the degree of stress was assessed by synthetically those signals using fuzzy inference. From the fuzzy inference result, the parameters (amount of physiological change / amount of imposed stress) and (time to 25% recovery), which represent response and recovery respectively, were derived. We made a two-dimensional point graph using the response parameter as an abscissa and the recovery parameter as an ordinate for each subject.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1217-1224
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• 2010

In many sports games, we would use a coin or the game of scissors-paper-stone to decide which side will begin first. We consider the game of scissors-paper-stone when two teams are composed of N respectively. We continue the game of scissors-paper-stone until the winner of the two team is decided. Using sample spaces and enumerating the elements we calculated the mean number of the game when N = 1, N = 2 and N = 3. In case of N = 1 and N = 2, we simulate the game and find the mean and variance when the repetition number n = 20; 30; 50; 100; 150; 200.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.111-116
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• 2001

Nummular eczema is well-shaped, coin-like lesion. Usually it is surrounded by the papules and vesicles, and is likely to be the impetigo. It's said that nummular eczema is combined with atopic dermititis, contact dermatitis, bacterial infection and so on. Recently, we experienced a nummular eczema with impetigo and that was successfully treated by the herb-medication and the ceramic resonance therapy. The medications taken by the patient were yunwhasagnatang and gamisopungsan which is used to treat allergic disease and make immune system be strong. The former effects the liver to be cool down and healthy and it also has anti-imflamatory reactions like the corticosteroid hormone. Ceramic resonance therapy utilises irradiation within the frequency range of the radiation emitted by the human body. So we report this case with a brief review of the oriental medical and medical literatures.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.133-136
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• 2003

The increase of vehicles stagnations leads to the increasing attention to the way customers pay and a large number of projects on electronic cash system. Tranport system is comprised of a number of advanced technologies, including information processing, communications, control, and electronics. Recently many research on a system which provides contact in order to protect driver's vehicle passage have been carried out. And some potential problems from that system are being reviewed by electronic cash system. In this papers, we suggest Rf protocol developing technology using the concept of electronic cash. ATM electronic cash developing is consist of component of Pre-developed coin throw, integration of component using its, and production of more requirement-satisfactory ITS solution. Result increase $15{\sim}40%$ pre-type vehicles stagnations. Especially, we expect this proposed concept would be well adapted to our national environments.