• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of additives on the powder characteristics of peonja dry elixir. Peonja dry elixirs were prepared with various amounts of dextrin using a spray-dryer, and their powder characteristics such as flow, cohesion and compressibility were evaluated as an angle of repose, cohesion index and compressibility index, respectively. Their powder characteristics were not significantly different from one another, indicating that the hydrophilic dextrin, a base of dry elixir hardly affected their powder characteristics. Peonja dry elixirs were prepared with 10% dextrin and various amounts of additives such as mannitol (hydrophilic excipient), sodium lauryl sulfate (surfactant), colloidal silica (hydrophobic excipient) and HPMC (polymer), respectively, and their angle of repose, cohesion index and compressibility index were measured. The powder characteristics of peonja dry elixirs prepared with mannitol were not significantly different from one another, indicating that the mannitol scarcely improved the powder characteristics of peonja dry elixirs. The angle of repose and cohesion index of peonja dry elixirs significantly decreased with increasing amount of sodium lauryl sulfate to 0.3% followed by no significant changes in them. The cohesion index of peonja dry elixir significantly decreased with increasing amount of colloidal silica. The angle of repose and cohesion index of peonja dry elixir significantly decreased with increasing amount of HPMC to 0.3% followed by an abrupt increase in them. However, the compressibility index of peonja dry elixir significantly increased with increasing amount of HPMC to 0.3% followed by an abrupt decrease in them. Our results suggested that a small amount of sodium lauryl sulfate, colloidal silica and HPMC improved markedly the powder characteristics of peonja dry elixirs due to forming stronger and less hygroscopic shell of peonja dry elixirs. Among the peonja dry elixirs studied, the peonja dry elixir prepared with 0.3% sodium lauryl sulfate and 0.3% HPMC had the lowest angle of repose of $27^{\circ}$ and cohesion index of 37.8%, and the highest compressibility index of 38.7%, respectively. Thus, sodium lauryl sulfate and HPMC appear to be promising additives for peonja dry elixir, if used in adequate amounts.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.263-278
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• 2015

This study is intended to evaluate the value of functional aspect from the viewpoint of habitat. The indicators that are used in biotope evaluations are various, but most of them use the criteria to evaluate the naturality. This evaluation method cannot appropriately reflect the functional characteristics coming from relation to the surrounding biotope. In this study, the connectivity, cohesion and diversity between individual biotope are quantitatively measured by a landscape index. It is hard to draw the functional value of individual biotopes because the landscape index related to connectivity, cohesion and diversity comes from a landscape having a number of biotopes. The concept of contribution was used to overcome this limitation. The concept of contribution is to quantify how much each individual biotope contributes to the connectivity, cohesion, and diversity in a certain range of landscape by deriving the amount of change in the landscape index according to the presence or absence of each individual biotope. In order to understand the characteristics of evaluation results in functional aspect, this research has done a comparative analysis of the previous research findings in the same target area. According to the result of the research, individual biotopes such as artificial forests, fragmented natural forests, and small planting sites were highly rated.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2005

In the study, the cone index, the cohesion and the internal resistant angle of soil were measured before and after tillage in order to suggest relative improvement in soil properties. The tillage methods tested in the study were five combinations of plow and rotary tillage operation and the experiments were performed on five selected test fields. The maximum tillage depth was 20 cm under the ground. The CIs for all the tillage operations were improved in comparison with those before tillage. The best combination of tillage operations for improving the CIs of soil was one plow operation followed by one rotary. After applying the tillage operations, the internal resistance angle reduced by 7-8 degree and the cohesion decreased up to about $1N/cm^2$ in comparison with those before tillage. We concluded that the cone index, the cohesion and the internal resistant angle of soil could be used as measures for representing the relative degree of tillage for a specific tillage operation. In addition, the study was useful as a basic research tool for developing an decision making system that determines an optimal tillage method with soil properties.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.297-316
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• 2014

This paper presents a detailed study focused on investigating the effects of silt content on the static and dynamic properties of sand-silt mixtures. Specimens with a low-plastic silt content of 0, 15, 30 and 50% by weight were tested in static triaxial, cyclic triaxial, and resonant columns in addition to consolidation tests to determine such parameters as compression index, internal friction angle, cohesion, cyclic stress ratio, maximum shear modulus, normalized shear modulus and damping ratio. The test procedures were performed on specimens of three cases: constant void ratio index, e = 0.582; same peak deviator stress of 290 kPa; and constant relative density, $D_r$ = 30%. The test results obtained for both the constant-void-ratio-index and constant-relative-density specimens showed that as silt content increased, the internal friction angle, cyclic stress ratio and maximum shear modulus decreased, but cohesion increased. In testing of the same deviator stress specimens, both cohesion and internal friction angle were insignificantly altered with the increase in silt content. In addition, as silt content increased, the maximum shear modulus increased. The cyclic stress ratio first decreased as silt content increased to reach the threshold silt content and increased thereafter with further increases in silt content. Furthermore, the damping ratio was investigated based on different silt contents in three types of specimens.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.193-209
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• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to specify the relationship between demographic cohesion and firm performance by examining the roles of HR practices, such as job rotation and flexible work arrangement. Design/methodology/approach - This study samples 1,093 firms in Korea and collects their data between 2007 and 2017 from Workplace Panel Survey, a database from Korea Labor Institute. The demographic cohesion is measured using the Herphindal-Hershman index and the firm performance is measured with net incomes. This study employs a fixed-effects model for the estimation of firm performance with respect to demographic cohesion, job rotation, and flexible work arrangement. Findings - There is a positive relationship between demographic cohesion and net incomes. And the relationship is positively moderated by job rotation. However, flexible work arrangement shows a mixed moderation. Research implications or Originality - Differentiated from the studies on demographic diversity, this study shows that demographic cohesion has a mixed impact on firm performance. While demographic cohesion can improve firm performance through trust building, in-group favoritism, and collective identity it entails internal conflicts. However the link between demographic cohesion and firm performance is moderated by job rotation and flexible work arrangement. While there is a positive moderation of job rotation, there is a negative moderation of flexible work arrangement.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.215-222
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• 2007

In the study, the cone index, the cohesion and the internal friction angle of soil were measured before and after tillage in order to suggest relative improvement in soil properties by comparing the two measured values before and after tillage. The tillage methods tested in the study were five combinations of plowing and rotovating; one plow tillage operation, one plow followed by one rotary, one plow followed by two rotary, one rotary without plow and two rotary without plow. The experiments were performed in a soil bin in Sunggyunkwan Univ. and in four selected test fields in Yeoju, Seodun-Dong, Suwon (especially, two different fields) and Chungju. In general, the internal friction angle and cohesion of soil increased with the increase of soil compaction. After applying the tillage operations, the internal friction angle reduced by 14 degree and the cohesion decreased up to about $2.2N/cm^2$ on the soil bin in comparison with those before tillage. The two values, however, reduced by 9 degree and up to about $1.0N/cm^2$ on the tested fields. The CIs for all the tillage operations on the soil bin and on 4 different test fields were decreased by 800 kPa in comparison with those before tillage. The best combination of tillage operations for decreasing the CIs of soil was one plow operation followed by one rotary. The CIs for one plow operation followed by two rotary were slightly higher than that for one plow operation followed by one rotary because one plow operation followed by two rotary crushed down the soil excessively, so that the porosity of soil decreased.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.303-311
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• 2018

장애인과 보호자와의 관계 유형에 따른 장애인의 구강건강상태의 관련성을 알아보고자 장애인 보호자에게 장애인과 보호자의 응집력과 의사소통과정을 자기기입식으로 설문 조사하였고, 장애인의 구강건강상태는 DMFT index, 제1대구치 건강도, Pocket depth로 평가표를 작성하여 총 78부를 분석하였다. 통계프로그램은 SPSS win. 24.0을 이용하였으며 유의수준은 .05에서 검증하였다. 장애인과 보호자와의 관계 유형에 따른 장애인과 보호자의 응집력(p<.01), 의사소통과정(p<.01)에서 유의한 결과를 보였다. 장애인의 구강건강상태에서는 DMFT index(p<.01), 제1대구치 건강도(p<.01), Pocket depth(p<.01)에서 유의한 결과를 보였다. 따라서 장애인에게 어머니는 응집력, 의사소통과정, 구강건강상태 등 대부분의 항목에서 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 장애인과의 응집력, 의사소통과정 등에서 낮은 영향을 미친 활동보조인력과 장애인의 구강건강상태에 낮은 영향을 미친 배우자에게는 장애인과 보호자의 관계 중요성을 제시함으로써 장애인 구강건강관리법 및 관심도를 높일 수 있는 정책적 지원 및 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.298-305
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 4차 산업혁명 적응도가 사회통합 요인 중 하나인 공공 청렴도, 정치신뢰에 미치는 영향을 종단분석하는 것이다. 분석은 OECD 31개국 2006년에서 2015년 자료에 대해 잠재성장모형(LGM)을 적용하였다. 4차 산업혁명 적응도는 WEF(2016)를 활용하였으며 노동시장 유연성, 기술 혁신, 인프라, 법적 보호, 네 영역으로 구성된 지표를 분석에 투입하였다. 분석결과, 공공 청렴도는 4차 산업혁명 적응도 전체와 법적 보호 영역 중 사법부 독립성과 기업의 윤리적 행동의 영향을, 정치 신뢰는 법적 보호 영역 중 사법부 독립성의 영향을 유의하게 받았다. 이러한 분석 결과는 지금과 같은 추세로 변화해간다고 할 때는 4차 산업혁명의 추진이 사회통합에 큰 위협이 된다고 볼 수는 없으나, 다만 경제 과학기술의 영역의 촉진만이 아니라 법적 보호와 같은 사회적 영역에 대한 고려가 함께 병행될 때 가능할 것이라는 점을 시사하고 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 경제 산업 과학 분야 대비 사회정책 분야에서는 상대적으로 미흡한 4차 산업혁명 논의를 활성화하는 데 기여할 것으로 본다.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.7-32
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• 2016

본 연구는 인용 정보와 주제범주 분류체계를 기반으로 한 기존 하향식 접근법과 달리 문헌에 출현한 단어정보를 기반으로 세부주제를 자동 추출하는 토픽 모델링을 사용하여 학제성을 측정하였다. JCR 2013의 Information & Library Science 주제범주에서 5년 영향력 지수 상위 20개 학술지의 최근 5년 동안의 논문 제목과 초록 텍스트를 분석대상으로 사용하였다. 학제성을 측정하기 위한 지수로 '분야적 다양성'을 나타내는 Shannon 엔트로피 지수와 Stirling 다양성 지수, '네트워크 응집성'을 나타내는 지수로는 토픽 네트워크의 평균 경로길이를 사용하였다. 계산된 다양성과 응집성 지수를 통해 학제성의 유형을 분류한 후 각 유형을 대표하는 학술지들의 토픽 네트워크를 비교하였다. 이를 통해 본 연구의 텍스트 기반 다양성 지수는 기존의 인용정보 기반 다양성 지수와 다른 양상을 보이고 있어 상호보완적으로 활용될 수 있으며, 다양성과 응집성을 모두 고려하여 분류된 각 학술지의 토픽 네트워크를 통해 개별 학술지가 다루는 세부주제의 특성과 연결 정도를 직관적으로 파악할 수 있었다. 이를 통해 토픽 모델링을 통한 텍스트 기반의 학제성 측정이 학술지의 학제성을 나타내는 데에 다양한 역할이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.1065-1078
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• 2009

The shear strength has been managed as an important factor in soil mechanics. The shear strength estimation model was developed to evaluate the shear strength using only a few soil properties by the linear regression analysis model which is one of the statistical methods. The shear strength is divided into two part; one is the internal friction angle ($\Phi$) and the other is the cohesion (c). Therefore, some valid soil factors among the results of soil tests are selected through the correlation analysis using SPSS and then the model are formulated by the linear regression analysis based on the relationship between factors. Also, the developed model is compared with the result of direct shear test to prove the rationality of model. As the results of analysis about relationship between soil properties and shear strength, the internal friction angle is highly influenced by the void ratio and the dry unit weight and the cohesion is mainly influenced by the void ratio, the dry unit weight and the plastic index. Meanwhile, the shear strength estimated by the developed model is similar with that of the direct shear test. Therefore, the developed model may be used to estimate the shear strength of soils in the same condition of study area.