• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제50권12호
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• pp.931-937
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• 2012

The microstructure of Cu-15 wt%Ag composites fabricated by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) with intermediate heat treatment at $320^{\circ}C$ was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. Ag precipitates with a thickness of 20-40 nm were observed in the eutectic region of the Cu-15 wt%Ag composite solution treated at $700^{\circ}C$ before ECAP. The Cu matrix and Ag precipitates had a cube on cube orientation relationship. ECAPed composites exhibited ultrafine-grained microstructures with the shape and distribution dependent on the processing routes. For route A in which the sample was pressed without rotation between each pass, the Cu and Ag grains were elongated along the shear direction and many micro-twins were observed in elongated Cu grains as well as in Ag filaments. The steps were observed on coherent twin boundaries in Cu grains. For route Bc in which the sample was rotated by 90 degrees after each pass, a subgrain structure with misorientation of 2-4 degree by fragmentation of the large Cu grains were observed. For route C in which the sample was rotated by 180 degrees after each pass, the microstructure was similar to that of the route A sample. However, the thickness of the elongated grains along the shear direction was wider than that of the route A sample and the twin density was lower than the route A sample. It was found that more microtwins were formed in ECAPed Cu-15 wt%Ag than in the drawn sample. Grain boundaries were observed in relatively thick and long Ag filaments in Cu-15 wt%Ag ECAPed by route C, indicating the multi-crystalline nature of Ag filaments.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.226-231
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• 2002

The present study discusses the results of the controlled precipitation of HgTe nanocrystals in a PbTe semiconductor matrix and demonstrates its effectiveness in producing well-organized and crystallographically aligned semiconductor nanocrystals. Following the similar procedure used in metallic alloys, the semiconductor alloys are treated at 600$^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours, quenched and aged up to 500 hours at 300$^{\circ}C$ and 450$^{\circ}C$ to induce homogeneous nucleation and growth of HgTe nanocrystalline precipitates. Examination of the resulting precipitates using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution TEM (HRTEM) reveals that the coherent HgTe precipitates form as thin discs along the {100} habit planes making a crystallographic relation of {100}$\sub$HgTe///{100}$\sub$PbTe/ and [100]$\sub$HgTe///[100]$\sub$PbTe/. It is also found that the nato-disc undergoes a gradual thickening and a faceting under isothermal aging up to 500 hours without any noticeable coarsening. These results, combined with the extreme dimension of the precipitates (4 nm in length and sub-nanometer in thickness) and the simplicity of the formation process, leads to the conclusion that controlled precipitation is an effective method for the preparation of the desirable quantum-dot nanostructures.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2006

Structural studies have been performed on precipitation hardening found in $L1_2$ ordered ${\gamma}^{\prime}-Ni_3(Al,Ti)$ alloys using transmission electron microscopy. A uniform solid solution of ${\gamma}^{\prime}-L1_2$ ordered phase supersaturated with Ni can be obtained by solution annealing in a suitable temperature range. The ${\gamma}^{\prime}$ phase hardens appreciably by the fine precipitation of disordered ${\gamma}$. The shape of ${\gamma}$ precipitates formed during aging is initially spherical or round-cubic and grow into platelets as aging proceeds. High resolution electron microscopy revealed that the ${\gamma}$ precipitates are perfectly coherent with the matrix ${\gamma}^{\prime}$ as long as the ${\gamma}$-precipitates are plates. The loss of coherency initiates by the introduction of dislocations at the ${\gamma}/{\gamma}^{\prime}$ interface followed by the step formation at the dislocations. The ${\gamma}$ precipitates become globular after the loss of coherency. The strength of ${\gamma}^{\prime}-Ni_3(Al,Ti)$ increases over the temperature range of experiment by the precipitation of fine ${\gamma}$ particles. The peak temperature where a maximum strength was obtained shifted to higher temperature.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제44권7호통권361호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2007

OFDM(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing)은 페이딩 환경에서 높은 전송율을 가지는 효율적인 전송 기법이다. 그러나 OFDM 프레임의 시작 시점을 정확히 찾지 못하면 주파수 영역에서 위상회전으로 인해 수신 데이터의 비트오율이 높아진다. 그러므로 코히어런트 OFDM 시스템에선 정수배의 샘플 옵셋뿐만 아니라 소수배의 샘플 옵셋까지 동기를 획득해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 코히어런트 OFDM 시스템에서 수신된 훈련 심볼의 상관관계를 이용하여 0.5 샘플 이전과 이후의 충격응답을 각각 구하고 이들의 차를 이용하여 소수배 샘플 동기를 획득하는 알고리듬을 제안한다. 제안한 심볼 타이밍 동기 기법의 성능을 다중경로 채널과 잡음에 대한 모의실험을 통하여 검증한다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 1999

Hydrogen solubility in internally oxidized Pd-Mo(Al) alloys has been studied at 323 K from the measurements of pressure-composition(p-c) isotherms. Internal oxidation of $Pd_{0.985}Al_{0.015}$ and $Pd_{0.97}Mo_{0.03}$ alloys results in the precipitation of Al and Mo particles in a matrix of pure Pd. It has been observed that the presence of the aluminum and molybdenum oxide precipitates results in an enhanced hydrogen solubility in the dilute phase region of Pd-H in a Pd/aluminum(molybdenum)oxide composites. Hydrogen solubility enhancements due to the presence of residual stresses around ceramic particles have been observed from p-c isotherms determined at 323 K after oxidation at 1073 K. The solubility enhancements in completely internally oxidized alloys are greater than that in partially oxidized alloys. The stress fields near the ceramic precipitates are the major source of the solubility enhancements. Transmission electron microscopy indicates that alumina precipitates are nanometer-sized and coherent with the Pd matrix after oxidation.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2002

Controlled precipitation of quasi-binary semiconductor system is newly proposed as an effective and reliable technique for the formation of well-defined and crystallographically aligned semiconductor nanostructures. Using HgTe-PbTe quasi-binary semiconductor system, self-aligned HgTe nanocrystallites distributed three dimensionally within PbTe matrix were successfully formed by the simple three step heat treatment process routinely found in age hardening process of metallic alloys. Examination of the resulting nano precipitates using conventional transmission electron microscopy (CTEM) and high resolution TEM (HRTEM) reveals that the coherent HgTe precipitates form as thin discs along the (100) habit planes making a crystallographic relation of {100}$\_$HgTe///{100}$\_$PbTe/ and [100]$\_$HgTe///[100]$\_$PbTe/. It is also found that the precipitate undergoes a gradual thickening and a faceting under isothermal aging up to 500 hours without any noticeable coarsening. These results, combined with the extreme dimension of the precipitates (4-5 nm in length and sub-nanometer in thickness) and the simplicity of the formation process, leads to the conclusion that controlled precipitation is an effective method for preparing desirable quantum-dot nanostructures.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2021

Abstraction applied in computer networking hides network details behind a well-defined representation by building a model that captures an essential aspect of the network system. Two current methods of representation are available, one based on graph theory, where a network node is reduced to a point in a graph, and the other the use of non-methodological iconic depictions such as human heads, walls, towers or computer racks. In this paper, we adopt an abstract representation methodology, the thinging machine (TM), proposed in software engineering to model computer networks. TM defines a single coherent network architecture and topology that is constituted from only five generic actions with two types of arrows. Without loss of generality, this paper applies TM to model the area of network monitoring in packet-mode transmission. Complex network documents are difficult to maintain and are not guaranteed to mirror actual situations. Network monitoring is constant monitoring for and alerting of malfunctions, failures, stoppages or suspicious activities in a network system. Current monitoring systems are built on ad hoc descriptions that lack systemization. The TM model of monitoring presents a theoretical foundation integrated with events and behavior descriptions. To investigate TM modeling's feasibility, we apply it to an existing computer network in a Kuwaiti enterprise to create an integrated network system that includes hardware, software and communication facilities. The final specifications point to TM modeling's viability in the computer networking field.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제49권
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• pp.1.1-1.10
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• 2019

Joints of three-dimensional (3D) rutile-type (r) tin dioxide ($SnO_2$) nanowire networks, produced by the flame transport synthesis (FTS), are formed by coherent twin boundaries at $(101)^r$ serving for the interpenetration of the nanowires. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods, i.e. high resolution and (precession) electron diffraction (PED), were utilized to collect information of the atomic interface structure along the edge-on zone axes $[010]^r$, $[111]^r$ and superposition directions $[001]^r$, $[101]^r$. A model of the twin boundary is generated by a supercell approach, serving as base for simulations of all given real and reciprocal space data as for the elaboration of three-dimensional, i.e. relrod and higher order Laue zones (HOLZ), contributions to the intensity distribution of PED patterns. Confirmed by the comparison of simulated and experimental findings, details of the structural distortion at the twin boundary can be demonstrated.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.365-373
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• 2010

원활한 수중 디지털 통신을 위해 데이터 신호는 물리계층 단위의 프레임으로 전송되고, 채널 추정을 위한 프레임 내의 파일릿 간격은 수중 통신 환경에 맞게 설계되어야 한다. 본 논문은 주파수와 시간에 따른 수중 채널 변화에 관련된 상관 대역폭과 상관 시간에 대하여 기술하고 실제 동해 천해환경에서의 실험을 통해 상관 대역폭과 상관 시간 값들을 산출하였다. 그리고 파일럿 간격의 변화에 따른 실제 수중 통신의 비트 오류율 변화를 구함으로써 산출한 결과가 적절함을 보였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.165-172
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• 1998

초고진공에서 in situ 고상 에피택셜 방법으로 Si(111)기판 위에 에피택셜 $CoSi_2$ 초박막과 $Si/epi-CoSi_2/Si$(111) 의 이중 이종에피택셜 구조를 성장 시켰다. 2-MeV $^4He^{++}$ 이온 후방산란 분광기와 X-선 회절분석기 및 고분해능 투과전자 현미경을 이용하여 성장된 $CoSi_2$와 $Si/epi-CoSi_2/Si$(111)의 상, 조성, 결정성 그리고 계면의 미세구조를 조사하였다. 실온에서 증착된 Co 박막은 texture 구조를 갖는 Stransky-Krastanov 성장 모드를 나타내었다. 실온에서 Si(111)-$7\times{7}$ 기판 위에 Co를 $50\AA$ 증착한 후 $700^{\circ}C$로 10분간 in situ 열처리했을 때 초박막 A-type $CoSi_2$상이 성장되었고, 정합상관계는 $CoSi_2$[110]//Si[110] and $CoSi_2$(002)//Si(002)였으며, 편의각은 없었다. A-type $CoSi_2$/Si(111)계면은 평활하고 coherent 하였다. 양질의 epi-Si/epi-$CoSi_2$(A-type)/Si(111)구조는 Co/Si(111)계를 $700^{\circ}C$로 10분간 in situ로 열처리한 후 기판을 $500^{\circ}C$로 유지하면서 Si을 증착하였을 때 형성되었다.