• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.109-119
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• 1995

As the population of elderly in Korea is increasing rapidly since the 1990's and will more rapidly in the 21st Century, the demand of their health care would be a great burden to health care expenditure. Then it would be necessary to contemplate the functional status and life satisfaction for elderly to make them live more independently. The objectives of this study were find out the functional status in life and life satisfaction for the elderly aged 65 or over who had resided in urban area of two Gus in Pusan and rural area of two Myuns in Haman Gun in Kyeognam Province, and to provide basic data for planning systematic health care programme. The study period was two weeks from February 6 to February 18, 1995 and the subjects were 274 elderly of which 143 were urban residents, 131 were rural residents, and the study method was by structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed with SAS/PC/sup +/ programme using Chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows; 1. To see the pattern of living together, those living with partners were the most common, 39.1% ; 37.8% of urban elderly lived with married sons, 32.2% of them lived with partners, but 46.6% of rural elderly lived with partners, 16.8% of them lived with married sons, which showed difference between residence(p<0.005). 2. Elderly who had jobs were 64.1% in rural residents, and 7.7% in urban residents, which showed significant difference(p<0.05). 3. The score of cognitive function of total subjects was 24.7, that of urban elderly was 23.8, and that of rural elderly was 25.7, then it was higher in rural ones and low for old-elders and those who had no jobs. 4. The score of PADL was 26.8 for urban elderly, 30.1 for rural elderly, and that of IADL was 22.2 for urban elderly, 25.6 for rural elderly, which showed higher activities of daily living for rural elderly than urban elderly(p<0.001). 5. The score of domestic performance was 21.9 for urban elderly, and 30.5 for rural elderly, which showed higher score for rural elderly(p<0.001). 6. The score of life satisfaction was 20.7 for urban elderly, 29.8 for rural elderly, then it was higher for rural elderly(p<0.01). 7. As a result of ANOVA for functional status in living by general characteristics; the score of cognitive function differed by age, job; that of PADL differed by age, job, education, and the pattern of living together, that of IADL differed by age, job, and the pattern of living together. The score of domestic role performance differed by age, job, marital status, and the pattern of living together. 8. ANOVA for life satisfaction showed that the score of life satisfaction differed by job(p<0.001) and the pattern of living together(p<0.01). 9. The correlations between functional status in living and life satisfaction showed that the higher the score of cognitive function was(r=0.39), the higher the score of activities of daily living was(r=0.50), and the higher the score of domestic role performance was(r=0.41), the higher the score of life satisfaction. 10. Stepwise multiple regression analysis for life satisfaction pointed out that residence was responsible for 39.9% of the variance. cognitive function was for 5.3%, and domestic role performance was for 1.2%.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.523-535
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• 2013

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the factors which affect academic achievements among gifted students' intellectual and personality characteristics. For this purposes, 125 science gifted students' learning ability test and NEO personality test data were collected and analyzed along with the school achievement scores. According to the results of this study, there are significant relationships between academic achievements and conscientiousness, executive function, and learning motivation. Based on the achievement level, there are positive correlation between academic achievement and conscientiousness in a high academic achievement group. For the middle academic achievement group, there are positive relationship with executive function and learning motivation attention but negative relationship with extraversion. For the low achievement group, concentration was the only factor highly correlated with academic achievement. For the high academic achievement group, conscientiousness is a significant predictors of academic achievement; for middle academic achievement group, executive function and learning motivation were the significant predictors; for low academic achievement group, concentration was the significant predictors of academic achievement. Results were discussed in terms of practical value of enhancing gifted students' academic achievement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 2014

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of task oriented circuit exercise(TOCE) on the balance and cognition in mild dementia patients. METHODS: The subjects of the study were 30 patients with mild dementia and assigned to the TOCE(task oriented circuit exercise) group(n=15) and aerobic exercise(AE) group(n=15). TOCE group performed six task three times weekly for 12 weeks. AE group underwent the cycle ergometer and treadmill exercise three times a week during the experimental period respectively. Timed up and go test(TUG), Berg balance scale(BBS) and AP1153 Biorescue were used to assess the parameters for the balance. Korean-mini mental state examination and Global deterioration scale(GDS) were used to assess the parameters for the cognition. For the statistical analysis, paired t-test and independent t-test were used to compare the differences among two groups. RESULTS: Each group showed improvement in balance and possibility for improving cognitive function. TOCE group especially, there were significant improvements in limit of stability. CONCLUSION: The results of the study suggest that TOCE is a more diverse exercise programs introduced in the study. Furthermore, TOCE can be a helpful to improve the balance and cognition in mild dementia patients.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.323-331
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• 2013

Purpose: The study attempted to examine whether the group art therapy using a collage medium and reminiscence therapy prevented or reversed dementia, prevented depression, and improved the quality of life of elderly women at high risk for dementia in community public health centers. Methods: As a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group, this study used a pre-post design. The subjects consisted of a random sample of women over 65 years of age who had been registered as being at high-risk for dementia at the Public Health Center of the G City, and the Dementia Support Center. Of these elders, 30 were assigned to the experimental group and 33 to the control group. The intervention was conducted twice a week for 5 weeks. $x^2$-test, t-test, Wilcoxon test were used to analyze the data. Results: After the program, cognitive function, depression, and quality of life were significantly better in the experimental group than in the control group. Conclusion: The group art therapy can be utilized in community-based nursing practices by identifying and registering those who are at high risk for dementia. The results should prove useful when designing future intervention strategies targeting elderly individuals residing in communities.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 2017

Objectives : Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) is characterized by significant impairments in executive functions, with a prevalence of approximately 3-5% of all children worldwide. The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between executive functions and electrophysiological activities in children and adolescents with ADHD. Methods : In 31 patients with ADHD, resting-state EEG was recorded, and Comprehensive Attention Test(CAT), Stroop Color-Word Inference Test(Stroop CWIT), Trail Making Test(TMT), and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(CST) were administered. Korean version of the ADHD Rating Scale(K-ARS) was assessed. Results : Alpha and beta power positively correlated with the Attention Quotient(AQ), while delta power negatively correlated with AQ from CAT. In the Stroop CWIT, decreased delta power and increased beta power were related to higher performance. Power of the alpha band increased with higher TMT performance. Moreover, delta power negatively correlated with good performance on the CST, while alpha and high gamma band showed a positive correlation. Correlation with the parent-rating of ADHD symptoms showed a negative correlation between alpha power and higher scores on the K-ARS. Conclusions : These findings indicate that relative power in higher frequency bands of EEG is related to the higher executive function in children and adolescents with ADHD, while the association with the relative power in lower frequency bands of EEG seem to be vice versa. Furthermore, the findings suggest that QEEG may be a useful adjunctive tool in assessing patients with ADHD.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.47-71
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• 1995

A psychological disturbance caused by letters in double image was termed as'letter sickness'.The effects of stimulus exposure time and letter familiarity on the letter sickness were measured to test a hypothesis that disturbances in eye movement and recognition stages is the cause of letter sickness.Letter sickness incteased significantly as stimulus exposure time lengthened from 50ms,100ms,to 3000ms.It was also significantly higher with familiar Hangul letters as compared with less familiar foreign letters and meaningless words as compared with meaningful words,respectively.These experimental findings imply that letter sickness is caused by the failure of adjusting eye movements to dismiss the double images.that the more familiar the letters.the more strongly the letter-identification process is commotted,resulting in the increased effect of disturbance from double image.and that the disturbance effect of double image is amplified when it is hard to extract the meaning from familiar letters.An experiment where subjects were made to learn Braille-like symbols consisting of 6 dots to test the hypothesis that the stronger the tendency to process the meaning of a symbol,the stronger becomes letter sickness due to double image,also showed that letter sickness significantly increased as a function of learning.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.183-196
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• 2020

The protective effect of pig skin gelatin water extracts (PSW) and the low molecular weight hydrolysates of PSW generated via enzymatic hydrolysis with Flavourzyme® 1000L (LPSW) against scopolamine-induced impairment of cognitive function in mice was determined. Seventy male ICR mice weighing 20-25 g were randomly assigned to seven groups: Control (CON); scopolamine (SCO, 1 mg/kg B.W., intraperitoneally (i.p.); tetrahydroaminoacridine 10 [THA 10, tacrine; 10 mg/kg B.W. per oral (p.o.) with SCO (i.p.)]; PSW 10 (10 mg/kg B.W. (p.o.) with SCO (i.p.); PSW 40 (40 mg/kg B.W. (p.o.) with SCO (i.p.); LPSW 100 (100 mg/kg B.W. (p.o.) with SCO (i.p.); LPSW 400 (400 mg/kg B.W. (p.o.) with SCO (i.p.). All treatment groups, except CON, received scopolamine on the day of the experiment. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity of LPSW 400 at 1 mg/mL was 154.14 μM Trolox equivalent. Administration of PSW and LPSW for 15 weeks did not significantly affect on physical performance of mice. LPSW 400 significantly increased spontaneous alternation, reaching the level observed for THA and CON. The latency time of animals receiving LPSW 400 was higher than that of mice treated with SCO alone in the passive avoidance test, whereas it was shorter in the water maze test. LPSW 400 increased acetylcholine (ACh) content and decreased ACh esterase activity (p<0.05). LPSW 100 and LPSW 400 reduced monoamine oxidase-B activity. These results indicated that LPSW at 400 mg/kg B.W. is a potentially strong antioxidant and contains novel components for the functional food industry.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2002

Neurocognitive research focusing on cognitive deficits in Depression has resulted in several important but yet potentially contradictory findings. Much literature documents the presence of significant neurocognitive impairments in depressive patients. Studies have shown that dysthymic disorder patients demonstrate a diffuse pattern of cognitive impairment which is frequently indistinguishable from that of focal braindamaged patients. Some reports have suggested that there is a focal pattern of deficit, such as anterior cingulate dysfunction, frontal lobe impairment, or dysfunction of the temporal-limbic cortex. The aim of this study is to evaluate the neurocognitive functions in dysthymic disorder patients, and to compare the functions with those of major depressive disorder patients. The subjects are 17 dysthymic disorder patients. And their neurocognitive functions are compared with those of 23 major depressive episode patients. Patients with a history of neurologic disease, alcohol dependence, substance abuse and mental retardation are excluded. They are assessed with a part of Vienna Test System which is computerized neurocognitive function tests and can evaluate attention, eductive ability, reproductive ability, visuoperceptual analysis, vigilance, visual immediate memory, the speed of information-processing, judgement, and fine motor coordinations. There are no other specific difference between two groups, except the result of cognitrone test. This study provides information about the neurocognitive functions and some difference between major depressive disorder patients and carefully diagnosed dysthymic disorder patients.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.425-434
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• 2011

In the present study was to examine the influence of cold stress conditions on memory function in relation with 5-hydroxytryptamine(serotonin, 5-HT), trptophanhydroxylase(TPH) expression and cell proliferation in the hippocampus. For this study, male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing $250{\pm}10g$ (7 weeks in age) were used. The rats were randomly divided into three groups(n = 10 in each group): the $22^{\circ}C$-control group, the $4^{\circ}C$-3 days group, the $4^{\circ}C$-5 weeks group. The environmental temperature at $22^{\circ}C$ set as the normal conditions, $4^{\circ}C$ was as the cold stress conditions. The present results showed that cold stress conditions shorten latency, representing cold stress disturbed memory function. 5-HT and TPH expressions in the dorsal raphe were increased cold stress. Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus was increased under cold conditions. The present study revealed that cold stress exerted deteriorative memory function. However, through increasing of 5-HT, TPH and BrdU expression under cold stress conditions did not show memory enhancing effect.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.427-441
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• 1998

The present study tested the hypothesis that adolescents' performance on scientific reasoning tasks and their ability to change theoretical concepts during instruction are mediated by prefrontal-cognitive functions, such as planning and inhibiting. Subjects sampled from four Korean secondary schools were administered a test of scientific reasoning ability and tests of the prefrontal lobe functions. A series of lessons on theoretical concepts was also administered. Subjects' performance on the test of scientific reasoning and pre- to posttest gains in the concept test were used as dependent variables. This study found that students' planning and inhibiting abilities were highly correlated with and they significantly predicted their scientific reasoning ability and conceptual gains. Further, principal component analysis showed prefrontal lobe functions were categorized into two main components. Component 1, which was loaded by planning and working memory functions, was termed as the representing process. Component 2, which was loaded primarily by the inhibiting functions, was termed as the inhibiting process. Scientific reasoning and conceptual change were also linked to these two components, indicating that these cognitive processes are mediated by both representing and inhibiting processes.