• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.265-284
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• 2001

The aim of this study was to discover the correlation between users cognitive style and their attitude towards evaluating the system. Postgraduate students cognitive styles were defined as Verbaliser/Imager and Wholist/Analytic, and the functionality and ease of learning features of a Web-based OPAC(Online Public Access Catalogue) system were evaluated using a combined evaluation methods: interviews for the preliminary survey, a questionnaire far the central data collection, and a psychometric approach for the judgement of students cognitive style using Ridings CSA(Cognitive Style Assessment) tool. Forty-four postgraduate student volunteers responded and data was analysed using SPSS(Statistical Package for Social Science) for Windows. The statistical analysis of each feature of the evaluation, the correlation between the variables, and the features were explored using Pearsons correlation coefficients(r). In exploring the effects of the cognitive styles of individuals, this study has failed to reveal a significant (P < 0.05) correlations in the interactive Web-based OPACs evaluation. It could be said that the contribution of cognitive styles to evaluating Web-based OPACs is likely to be weaker than that of non-cognitive (or demographic) variables.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to analyze the relationship the physical disability, cognitive disorder and body image. Method: The research was a descriptive relationship study. A sample is composed of 101 hospitalized stroke patients. Data were collected from November, 2005 to December, 2005. The survey instruments used in the study Sharon and Glen's physical disability scale, Lim's cognitive disorder scale and Osgood's body image scale. The collected data were analyzed frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, Duncan test, Pearsons' correlation coefficients. Result: The level of physical disability the score was 2.26, cognitive disorder 1.84 and body image 3.54. and they were relation to significant correlation. The body image showed significant negative correlation with physical disability, cognitive disorder. Physical disability showed significant positive correlation with cognitive disorder(r=.639, p=.000), and significant negative correlation with body image(r=-.420, p=.000). Cognitive disorder showed significant negative correlation with body image(r=-.620, p=.000). There were significant differences of body image by general characteristics as follows: age(p=.000), occupation(p=.004), education(p=.008), disease(p=.007). monthly income(p=.006), burden of medical expenses(p=.001), duration of stroke(p=.008). Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between physical disability, cognitive disorder and body image. there will be considered useful nursing intervention effect to physical disability, cognitive disorder and body image of stroke patients.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.333-343
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the association between dental implants and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Data were collected from the baseline survey (2016-2017) of the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. The study sample comprised 1115 community-dwelling people aged 70 years to 84 years who had 0-19 natural teeth. Dental implants and natural teeth were identified by panoramic radiography, while the cognitive function was assessed by the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-KC). The association between dental implants and cognitive function was analyzed by multiple linear regression. Sensitivity analysis was performed to test for potential bias. Results: The mean number of natural teeth in the study population was 9.50 (standard deviation [SD], 6.42), and the mean MMSE-KC score was 24.93 (SD, 3.55). In the simple univariate analysis, tooth replacement, age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index, osteoporosis, number of natural teeth, periodontitis, chewing discomfort, tooth-brushing frequency, education level, monthly household income, participation in economic activity, living alone, and marital status had a significant impact on the association. After adjusting for confounders, the association between dental implants and cognitive function remained significant (B, 0.85; standard error, 0.40; p<0.05). Age, body mass index, periodontitis, tooth-brushing frequency, and education level were also significantly associated with cognitive function. The results of the sensitivity analyses were consistent with those of the primary analysis. Conclusions: Dental implants were associated with cognitive function in older adults living in the community. Dental implants as tooth replacements may play a role in preserving cognitive function.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.575-594
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• 2015

This purposed of this study was to investigate the effect of empathy on social justice commitment from a social-cognitive perspective. Specifically, we examined how cognitive and affective empathy affect social justice commitment through social justice self-efficacy, social justice outcome expectation, and social justice interest which represent a social-cognitive path of behavior. Based on the self-report survey sample of 537 people in their twenties, we first controlled social desirability, and then analyzed the measurement and structure model using Structure Estimate Modeling(SEM). As a result, it turned out that both cognitive and affective empathy indirectly affected social justice commitment through the path of the social-cognitive model. However, affective empathy had a larger effect size compared to cognitive empathy. Results suggest that empathy competence has an effect on not only general altruistic behavior as known before but also social justice behavior which include the value of equality and anti-discrimination. Finally, ways for facilitating social justice commitment in terms of cognitive and affective empathy were suggested.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2022

Purpose: In the restaurant sector, it has been known that consumers' positive perception of brands influences their positive WOM intention, and information sources play an important role in increasing credibility by enhancing consumer awareness and developing differentiated brands. This study examines the effects of information sources (e.g., advertisement, WOM, SNS) on trust (cognitive and affective) and, WOM and eWOM intention in the restaurant context. In the model, cognitive and affective trust play mediating roles in the relationships between information sources (e.g., advertisement, WOM, SNS) WOM and eWOM intention. Research design, data, and methodology: Research models and hypotheses were developed according to the research direction. The survey questionnaire items were developed and used appropriately according to the contents of this paper based on prior studies. All constructs were measured with multiple items developed and validated in prior studies. A total of 502 responses were collected from an online survey. The research model was evaluated using SmartPLS 4.0. Frequency analysis was performed to understand the demographic characteristics of the survey respondents. The reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity were assessed using measurement model analysis. The proposed model was verified using the structural equation model. Results: Advertisement, WOM, and SNS information sources all had a positive effect on affective trust, whereas only WOM had a significant effect on cognitive trust. In addition, affective trust had a positive effect on cognitive trust and eWOM intention but did not affect WOM intention. Finally, cognitive trust was found to have a positive effect on both WOM intention and eWOM intention. Conclusions: This study redefines the concept of where restaurant service companies should focus when providing consumers with information about their products and services. As a result, the conceptual framework of positive word of mouth intention to increase new customer visits to the restaurant brand has been expanded. In addition, this study not only presents an information source management strategy for restaurant brands, but also presents practical implications for resource allocation guidelines for customer management in the restaurant sector.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.37-52
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• 2005

This study was performed to explore multidimensional customer royalties and relating factors. 900 households, $1\%$ sample were randomly selected from K city located in Kangwon province. Interview survey was performed with structured Questionnaire for the entire people, 923 persons who experienced medical service utilization during one year before survey on time, september, 2004. In comparison of customer royalties by sociodemographic characteristics, the older group showed the higher level of cognitive and attitudinal royalties significantly. Education and income level also, showed negative relationship with cognitive, attitudinal and behavioral loyalties significantly. The more being a female and a visitor at oriental medicine clinic, the higher level of attitudinal loyalties. Customer satisfaction was a critical explaining variable for cognitive, attitudinal and behavioral loyalties. In multiple regression analysis, some sociodemographic characteristics showed significant relation with customer loyalties and customer satisfaction was the strongest relating variable to customer loyalties. In conclusion, multidimensional approach for customer loyalty is useful for understanding customer behaviors comprehensively. Future studies should focus on developing the more specific and valid measurement tools for customer loyalty in medical service.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.25-33
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate safety consciousness (SC), cognitive-behavioral strategy (CBS), and safety behavior (SB) among university students living in dormitories on campus. Methods: The data was analyzed to compare the safety behavior by sex, safety related factors, and safety consciousness index in the SPSS 23 program using Chi-square test, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. Results: The participants in the health and safety behaviors survey were 2,721 students who have been in dormitories on campus. On the mean of items, the Public Safety Consciousness Index (PSCI) was 93.1, SC was 26.9, CBS was 15.7, and SB was 50.4. It were significant correlations between SC, CBS, and SB among university students (r=0.74-0.78), and CBS was identified as the mediator. Finally, it was significant increase the SC, CBS, and SB by sex and participation on safety education, but decrease by age and experience of accident and disaster. Conclusions: It is necessary to develop safety education program enhancing safety consciousness and safety behavior in order to prevent accidents on campus. And it suggests that safety education should be included in regular curriculum of university to improve health status and achieve academic goals.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.139-144
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• 2023

Purpose: This study developed a Korean sentiment questionnaire by adapting an existing English survey using focus group interview (FGI)-based cognitive interview (CI) techniques to investigate the utilization of outcome measures (OMs) among Korean physical therapists. Methods: The existing OMs survey questionnaire was adapted by dividing eight physical therapists into two groups: mid-experienced (n=4) and high-experienced (n=4). Each group participated in a 120-minute FGI-based CI session. All interviews were recorded, and the researcher transcribed the data immediately after each interview. The data were then organized and categorized into themes using Excel 2021 and verified with the participants. Results: FGI-based CI sessions were conducted with Korean physical therapists to revise the English version of the questionnaire, tailoring it to the local context. Four main themes emerged from the interviews: inappropriate items or translations, questionnaire length and organization, questionnaire improvements, and additional items. The questionnaire was revised based on the feedback obtained during these interviews. Conclusion: The questionnaire was modified according to the themes derived from the interviews. The questionnaire was developed to represent the clinical environment of Korean physical therapy accurately by removing elements of the questionnaire unsuitable for the Korean sentiment and incorporating the perspectives of Korean physical therapists.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.23-36
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• 2016

Objectives: This study aims to define the relationships between the sensory, cognitive and physical functions of young-old and old-old individuals. Methods: Participants were 10,451 elderly individuals aged 65 and above, raw data of a 2014 National Survey on Korean Older Persons was used. To investigate the relationships among the sensory, cognitive, and physical functions, a structural equation model was used. Results: The key analysis results are summarized as follows; 5% had poor vision function(young-old 3.5%, old-old 7.1%), 3.8% had poor auditory function(young-old 1.7%, old-old 6.7%), 33.0% had decline in cognitive function(young-old 30.9%, old-old 35.7%), 3.6% were disabled(young-old 1.6%, old-old 6.3%) and cognitive function influences physical function more greatly than does sensory function. Additionally, in the young-old groups, vision among sensory functions, attention among cognitive functions, and IADL among physical functions, turned out to be the most influential. However, in the old-old groups, auditory function among sensory functions, orientation among cognitive functions, and IADL among physical functions, turned out to be the most influential. Conclusions: This study implies that functions in the young-old and old-old individuals must be considered with all three functions-sensory, cognitive, and physical-together at the same time and that this comprehensive approach is necessary in national policy making.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.67 no.1
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• pp.22-39
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• 2017

This study intended to empirically verify the effect of message framing, cognitive need for closure, and type of fashion products on purchasing attitude of PB fashion products in discount stores. The design consisted of three-mixed design of 2(POP(Point of Purchase)message framing: benefit message vs. loss message) ${\times}2$(cognitive need for closure: high vs. low) ${\times}2$(PB fashion product type: utilitarian vs. hedonic). Survey of this study was conducted on 330 men and women in 20~50's in Seoul and Gyeong-gi, and a total of 287 data were analyzed. Data were analyzed with SPSS 18.0 program, and three-way ANOVA, simple interaction effects and simple main effects analysis were conducted. The results of this study are as follows: First, it was identified that the framing type of POP message of discount store, cognitive need for closure, and PB fashion product type had significant effect on preference and purchase intention. Secondly, it was identified that consumers with both high and low cognitive need for closure had high preference level and purchase intention when they encountered the benefit message framing than the loss message framing. Thirdly, the benefit message framing was more effective than the loss message framing for hedonic PB fashion products in discount stores, but utilitarian PB fashion products did not get affected by the message framing. Fourthly, it was identified that groups with both high and low cognitive need for closure preferred hedonic PB fashion products. Lastly, it was verified that benefit message framing POP advertisement on a group with high cognitive need for closure was effective for Hedonic PB fashion products in discount stores, and utilitarian PB fashion products showed no difference in purchase intention according to the POP message framing type and cognitive need for closure.