• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.463-473
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between the cognitive functions, health conditions, activities of daily living, depression and sleep states among the elderly at care facilities. The subjects include 204 elderly people aged 65. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression. The findings show that the cognitive functions of the elderly at care facilities are related to their engagement in regular exercise, duration of residency, grade of care, lack of physical freedom, listening ability, state of teeth, urinary incontinence, activities of daily living, and state of sleep. Their cognitive functions had positive correlations with activities of daily living and negative correlations with state of sleep. Their cognitive impairment was significantly influenced by their engagement in regular exercise, duration of residency, grade of care, listening ability, ADL, IAD dependency, and sleep disorder. In short, the cognitive functions of the elderly at care facilities are highly related to their health conditions as perceived and felt by them. It is thus required to develop, apply, and consistently assess and manage cognitive rehabilitation training programs to provide interventions for the factors that influence their cognitive impairment.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2006

Objective : Associations of vascular risk/disease or apolipoprotein E ${\varepsilon}4$(APOE4) with geriatric depression has been unclear at a population level. This study aimed to evaluate whether there would be interactions of vascular risk/disease and APOE4 on depression in a Korean elderly population. Methods : 732 community residents aged 65 or over were assessed for depression(GMS), information on vascular risk/disease(reported stroke, transient ishemic attack, heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, smoking), examinations for vascular risk/disease(blood pressure, blood tests for glucose and lipid profiles, body size), APOE genotypes, demographic characteristics(age, gender, education), physical health, and cognitive function(MMSE). Results : Previous stroke and lower level of high density lipoprotein(HDL) cholesterol were significantly associated with geriatric depression independent of demographic characteristics, physical illnesses, and cognitive function. These associations were statistically significant only in those with APOE4, although the interaction terms didn't reach to statistical significance. Conclusion : Associations between vascular risk/disease and geriatric depression might be more prominent in those with APOE4. However further research would be needed to clarify this issue.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.121-129
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• 2020

Purpose: As dementia progresses, cognitive function decreasing leads to memory loss, speech degradation, time and space degradation and judgment degradation, which causes difficulties in carrying out tasks related to daily life. It was said that community-based non-drug intervention therapy for early dementia patients was important to participate in entertainment treatment, including activities such as awareness and exercise therapy, exercise rehabilitation, aerobic exercise, and art. Methods: This study conducted 15 experimental and 15 control groups(experimental group : Fumanet exercise, control group : general occupational therapy) for eight weeks at the Daycare Center in Gyeonggi-do to find out the impact of the Fumanet exercise program on cognitive and depression functions of the elderly. The pre-post evaluation used KGDS, MMSE. Results: There were significant differences between the two groups in the function of menopause, memory recall, attention concentration and calculation, and depression, and no significant results were obtatined in memory registration, language function, understanding and fracture. The Fumanet movement was judged to be effective in improving cognitive function and reducing depression for the elderly with dementia. Conclisions: The Fumanet movement was judged to be effective in improving cognitive function and reducing depression for the elderly with dementia.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.456-467
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined exercise on dementia, depression, and cognitive function in elderly women. This study subject were 28 elderly female volunteers, aged 76-83 years and they divided into the exercise group(n=14) and control group(n=14). The combined exercise included the elastic band exercise and aquarobics performed 3 times per week for 90 minutes during 16 weeks. The exercise intensity was set at RPE 10-11 for 1 week to 4 weeks, RPE 11-14 for 5 weeks to 16 weeks, respectively. The test data were analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA, paired t-test, and independent t-test. The alpha level of .05 was set for all tests of significance. The findings of this study were as follows; ${\beta}-amyloid$ and depression were significantly decreased and DHEAs and cognitive function were significantly increased than control group. In conclusion, regular and continuous combined exercise was effective for improving dementia and had a positive effect on depression and cognitive function in elderly women.

• Journal of Society of Occupational Therapy for the Aged and Dementia
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.107-115
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of a group occupational therapy program on the depression and quality of life of the elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment(MCI). Method : The elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment were selected based on the Mini Mental State Examination-Dementia Screening(MMSE-DS). The group occupatinal therapy program consisted of various cognitive domains and was performed 12 times for 6 weeks. The Geriatric Depression Scale(SGDS-K) and Quality of Life(QOL) were used to assess depression and quality of life of the subjects before and after the intervention. Result : The elderly with MCI improved significantly on the SGDS-K and QOL after the intervention program(p<0.05). Particularly, in some items of the QOL, there was a statistically significant difference, but the results of the SGDS-K and QOL did not show any correlation(p>0.05). Conclusion : In the case of the elderly with MCI, the QOL scale and the depressive symptom test were statistically significant when the group occupational therapy program was applied for 6 weeks.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.294-304
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate objectively measured physical activity (PA) in institutionalized older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to elucidate the influence of autonomic nervous function, salivary cortisol, and PA on cognitive functions based on neurovisceral integration model. Methods: Overall cognitive function was evaluated using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and executive function was evaluated using semantic verbal fluency test and clock drawing test. Actigraph for PA, HRV and sAA for autonomous function, and the geriatric depression scale for depression were used. Saliva specimens were collected in the morning for sAA and cortisol. Results: Ninety-eight older adults from four regional geriatric hospitals participated in the study. They took 4,499 steps per day on average. They spent 753.93 minutes and 23.12 minutes on average in sedentary and moderate-to-vigorous activity, respectively. In the multiple regression analysis, lower salivary cortisol level (β = - .33, p = .041) and greater step counts (β = .37, p = .029) significantly improved MMSE score. Greater step count (β = .27, p = .016) also exerted a significant influence on verbal fluency, and greater sAA (β= .35, p = .026) was significantly associated with a better clock drawing test result. Conclusion: Salivary cortisol, sAA and physical activity were significantly associated with cognitive functions. To prevent older adults from developing dementia, strategies are needed to increase their overall PA amount by decreasing sedentary time and to decrease salivary cortisol for cognitive function, and to maintain their sympathetic nervous activity for executive function.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2013

Objectives: Cognitive impairment in restless legs syndrome (RLS) patients can be affected by sleep deprivation, anxiety and depression, which are common in RLS. The objective of this study is to investigate relationship between cognitive impairment and RLS in the non-medicated Korean elderly with controlling for psychiatric conditions. Method: The study sample for this study comprised 25 non-medicated Korean elderly RLS patients and 50 age-, sex-, and education- matched controls. All subjects were evaluated with comprehensive cognitive function assessment tools- including the Korean version of Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Packet (CERAD-K), severe cognitive impairment rating scale (SCIRS), frontal assessment battery (FAB), and clock drawing test (CLOX). Sleep quality and depression were also assessed with Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and geriatric depression scale (GDS). Results: PSQI and GDS score showed no difference between RLS and control group. There was no significant difference between two groups in nearly all the cognitive function except in constructional recognition test, in which subjects with RLS showed lower performance than control group (t=-2.384, p=0.02). Subjects with depression ($GDS{\geq}10$) showed significant cognitive impairment compared to control in verbal fluency, Korean version of Mini Mental Status Examination in the CERAD-K (MMSE-KC), word list memory, trail making test, and frontal assessment battery (FAB). In contrast, no difference was observed between subjects who have low sleep quality (PSQI>5) and control group. Conclusions: At the exclusion of the impact of insomnia and depression, cognitive function was found to be relatively preserved in RLS patients compared to control. Impairment of visual recognition in RLS patients can be explained in terms of dopaminergic dysfunction in RLS.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.786-800
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• 2021

The subjects of this study were 463 people aged 65 and older in the senior welfare center in Seoul and Gyeonggi. The purpose of the study is to analyze the differences between physical fitness factors and cognitive functions, activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, and psychological variables in the participation of the elderly in physical activities. Data ware analyzed by frequency analysis, reliability analysis, independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation analysis, with SPSS 25.0 statistics program. The results of this study are as follows. First, there are statistically significant differences in physical fitness, cognitive function, activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, and psychological factors such as depression and quality of life, depending on whether the elderly participate in physical activity. There were statistically significant differences in physical fitness, cognitive function, ADL, IADL, depression and quality of life, depending on the frequency of participation of older people in physical activity. A statistically significant difference in physical fitness appeared depending on the participation time of the elderly who participated in physical activity. Second, a study of the correlation between physical fitness and cognitive function, ADL, IADL, depression, and quality of life revealed a correlation for most factors. Based on these research results, it is necessary to develop a systematic arbitration strategy including physical activity for the successful aging of the elderly and the independent life of old age.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.38-49
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• 2021

This study is single-group pretest-posttest design study to examine the effects of web-based cognitive training program using tablet on cognition and depression in the elderly with high risk of dementia or mild dementia living in a rural area, enrolled in dementia center. Intervention was provided to the 18 participants once a week for 10 weeks within 1 hour. Data was analyzed with SPSS 24.0 and interview data was categorized. The study result proves that after intervention, the participants' cognitive score increased significantly(Z=-3.35, p=.001) and the depression scores were significantly decreased(Z=-3.13, p=.002). Also, interview shows positive effect of the intervention on cognition and depression. It is necessary to improve access environment for smart devices so as not to be restricted by time and place, and to develop and apply various types of web-based programs for each cognitive level. Then, the intervention could be used as a cognitive training program incorporating information and communication technology for the prevention and management of dementia in rural areas.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2001

It is known that the personality is the crucial factor in the treatment outcome of depression. The authors tried to identify the results of such studies and various components which determine the treatment outcome of depression. Nearly 60 papers published between the year 1990 and 2000 about the treatment of depression and personality were reviewed. Among them about 30 papers were selected to compare the research methods, results and discussions. The arguments and critics of the papers were discussed. In the many debates, the authors admitted the fact that premorbid personality trait influences the treatment outcome of depression negatively regardless of treatment method. Subtyping of depression is feasible along the presence of good or bad predictors of treatment outcome for depression. Differentiation of depression and personality seems to have no problem, however test of personality state before the development of psychiatric disorder such as depression is not amenable. For example, cluster A personality trait is often misunderstood as depression in clinical setting. In some cases cognitive behavioral therapy is effective in the treatment of depression accompanying personality disorder. The authors insist that the analysis of personality in the dimensional aspect rather than in the categorical aspect gives more information in the research of personality influencing the treatment outcome of depression. In addition, the reason why we understand the relationship between depression and personality were discussed.