• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.223-230
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• 2015

To study the effect of crop rotation on the control of ginseng root rot, growth characteristics and root rot ratio of 2-year-old ginseng was investigated after the crops of 18 species were cultured for one year in soil contaminated by the pathogen of root rot. Fusarium solani and Cylindrocarpon destructans were detected by 53.2% and 37.7%, respectively, from infected root of 4-year-old ginseng cultivated in soil occurring the injury by continuous cropping. Content of $NO_3$, Na, and $P_2O_5$ were distinctly changed, while content of pH, Ca, and Mg were slightly changed when whole plant of crops cultured for one year were buried in the ground. All of EC, $NO_3$, $P_2O_5$, and K were distinctly increased in soil cultured sudangrass, peanut, soybean, sunnhemp, and pepper. All of EC, $NO_3$, $P_2O_5$, and K among inorganic component showed negative effect on the growth of ginseng when they were excessively applied on soil. The growth of ginseng was promoted in soil cultivated perilla, sweet potato, sudangrass, and welsh onion, while suppressed in Hwanggi (Astragalus mongholicus), Deodeok (Codonopsis lanceolata) Doraji (Platycodon grandiflorum), Gamcho (Glycyrrhiza uralensis), Soybean. All of chicory, lettuce, radish, sunnhemp, and welsh onion had effective on the inhibition of ginseng root rot, while legume such as soybean, Hwanggi, Gamcho, peanut promoted the incidence of root rot. Though there were no significant correlation, $NO_3$ showed positive correlation, and Na showed negative correlation with the incidence of root rot.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.307-313
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• 1997

Seed germination test done in laboratory does not coincide with field emergence in general. The experiments were carried out to examine the effect of priming and $GA_3$, treatment to seeds of Platycodon grandiflorum; Codonopsis lanceolata and C. pilosula on lapsed time to first seedling emergence, seedling emergence, morphological characters and growth and the cause of poor emergence of C. pilosula. No-treatment as Control (water), priming or $GA_3$ treatment was done with only distilled water for 2 days, $CA(NO_3)_2$ 150 mM for 2 days or $GA_3$ 0.1 mM for 3 days, respectively. Seedling emergence rate was counted every 2 days but morphological characters and dry weight of shoot and root were measured on 38 days after sowing. Their internal seed structures were examined with Scanning Electron Microscope. C. pilosula had poorer seedling emergence rate than P grandiflorum and C. lanceolata showing nearly same rate: Compared to the other treatment (s) P. grandiflorum displayed higher rate in priming and $GA_3$, treatments but C. lanceolata or C. pilosula did the greatest rate in only $GA_3$ or priming treatment, respectively. $GA_3$ treatment to seeds of P. grandiflorum and C. lanceolata shortened the lapsed time to seedling emergence in comparison with Control, 2-days water imbibition before sowing. In all the species plant height and number of leaves per seedling became shorter and less in priming treatment than the other treatments except plant height of C. Pilosula while their hypocotyl length was nearly same in all treatments. Although priming treatment had nearly similar effect to morphological characters, $GA_3$ treatment forced greater shoot, root and aftermath total dry weight per seedling. Poor seedling emergence of C. pilosula was caused by its seed defect like cleavage or lack of embryo, poor development of embryo and endosperm or their separation.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.133-135
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• 2013

Poisoning by Phytolacca esculenta commonly occurs by misidentification as other edible plants. The root of Phytolacca esculenta is similar to other roots, such as kudzu, balloon flower, codonopsis lanceolata, and ginseng. The author experienced four cases of Phytolacca esculenta intoxication due to misidentification as a ginseng. We report on these cases with a review of the literature.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 1998

This experiment was conducted to increase aromatics in roots of Condonopsis lanceolata by applications of organic matters. Fresh root wt. was increased by conifer/moss application to 79.1g per plant. Crude protein content was also higher at rice straw application than native soil application and crude saponin content was increased by conifer/moss application, but contents of crude fat, fiber and ash were not different in all treatments. Although contents of K, Ca, and Mg were increased by rice straw application, Fe, Mn, Zn, Na and Cu were not significantly different in all treatments, The highest free amino acid was arginine, it was increased by the application of fallen leaves and the highest yield (0,008%) of essential oils was obtained by conifer/moss application. As a result, to produce C. lanceolata plant showing higher quality and aromatic essential oils, it was considered that the most effective organic matter showing high yield and higher aromatic constituents was conifer/moss application of over 3M/T per 10a.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.1144-1150
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• 2012

The study of quality and salting characteristics of root vegetables other than Chinese cabbage was done to develop different kinds of Kimchi. The root vegetables lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) and lance Asia bell (Codonopsis lanceolata) were evaluated as main ingredients for Kimchi by measuring their physico-chemical and microbial properties. Salinity, pH, titratable acidity, reducing sugar, firmness, color change, moisture content, total viable counts, and lactic acid bacteria were investigated to identify adaptability for Kimchi. The initial pH of lotus and lance Asia bell showed 5.7 to 6.3 during the salting period, and the pH decreased with increasing salting periods. The reducing sugar contents of lance Asia bell showed 34.1 to 35.6 mg/g, which were significantly higher compared to lotus 3.2 to 3.4 mg/g. Titratable acidity also showed higher in salted lance Asia bell at 0.36 to 0.4%, while lotus showed 0.17 to 0.27%. Lactic acid producing bacteria increased in lance Asia bell during salting periods and reached $2.1{\times}10^4CFU/g$ after 48 hr of salting. However, no lactic acid bacteria were detected in lotus. As a result of this physico-chemical and microbial analysis, lance Asia bell was more suitable as an ingredient of Kimchi than lotus.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.4
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• pp.523-532
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• 1999

The studies were carried out to develop an urban forest aromatic bath in the idle space within city area for handicapped persons, patients and city workers, who having less chance to visit the natural forest aromatic bath. The environmental conditions were checked in the experimental double vinyl house where native and exotic aromatic woody and herbaceous plants were growing with minimum energy input in the periods of mid-winter and mid-summer. The growth and photoperiodic responses of the plants to the low and high temperatures were observed during winter and summer respectively. The most of herbaceous plants in the double vinyl house with the controlled minimum night temperature of $-2^{\circ}C$ had no winter injury but did not grow and started the growth in April. The exotic herbs such as Catnip faassen's(Nepeta x faassenia) and Lemon bergamot(Monarda citriodora) grew better in the longer photoperiodic conditions. The growth rates of Abies koreana, Thuja koraiensis and Pinus sylvestriformis in the early spring were affected mainly by the night minimum temperature and less affected by the photoperiodic conditions during winter. The native aromatic herbs such as Robdosia japonica, Molsa punctulata, Agastache rugosa and Codonopsis lanceolata showed stimulatory growth at the 16 hours day-length in case of the high temperature vinyl hose. The height and root collar diameter growth of pine seedlings were inhibited in maxim temperatures over $40^{\circ}C$ during summer.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.319-325
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• 2015

The safety of plant species used as a source for herbal medicines and dietary supplements has recently been questioned due to poisonings associated with the presence of cadmium (Cd) in these plants. These plants can derive Cd from their presence in the soil. Organic matter (OM) concentrations in soils could affect the availability of Cd for plants. To determine the effect of OM concentration in soil on the concentration of plant available Cd and uptake of this toxic element by medicinal plants, soil and plant samples were collected from 102 fields supporting for 5 species of medicinal plants in 6 province of South Korea. Concentrations of OM and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soils affected the phytoavailability of Cd. One M $NH_4OAc$ extractable Cd concentration in soil increased with increasing OM concentrations. There were significantly positive relationships between 1 M $NH_4OAc$ extractable Cd concentration and OM concentration in soil and between 1 M $NH_4OAc$ extractable Cd concentration and DOC concentration. Likewise, OM and DOC concentrations significantly affected Cd concentration in medicinal plant soils. Cadmium concentration in medicinal plants increased with increasing OM concentration in soil [Cd concentration $(mg\;kg^{-1})= 0.179+1.424{\times}10^{-3}$ OM concentrations, $R^2=0.042*$] and with DOC concentration [Cd concentration $(mg\;kg^{-1})= 0.150+5.870{\times}10^{-4}$ DOC concentrations, $R^2=0.124***$]. These results might result from Cd-DOC complex which is easily absorbed Cd form by plant root. Dissolved organic carbon concentration had more positive relationship with Cd concentration in medicinal plants and 1 M $NH_4OAc$ extractable Cd concentration in soils than OM. Cadmium concentration in all 5 species of medicinal plant (Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi, Astragalus membranaceus, Codonopsis lanceolata, Platycodon grandiflorum, and Rehmannia glutinosa) significantly increased with increasing DOC concentration in soil. From the above results, formation of Cd-DOC complex caused by OM application might be mainly attributed to increase in Cd concentration in medicinal plants.