• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.401-411
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• 2006

We propose an optical encryption/decryption technique for a security system based on 2-step phase-shifting digital holography. Phase-shilling digital holography is used for recording phase and amplitude information on a CCD device. 2-step phase-shifting is implemented by moving the PZT mirror with phase step of 0 or ${\pi}/2$. The binary data and the key are expressed with random code and random phase patterns. The digital hologram is a Fourier transform hologram and is recorded on CCD with 256 gray level quantization. We remove the DC term of the digital hologram fur data reconstruction, which is essential to reconstruct the original binary input data/image. The error evaluation fer the decrypted binary data is analyzed. One of errors is a quantization error in detecting the hologram intensity on CCD, and the other is generated from decrypting the data with the incorrect key. The technique using 2-step phase-shifting holography is more efficient than a 4-step method because 2-step phase-shifting holography system uses less data than the 4-step method for data storage or transmission. The simulation shows that the proposed technique gives good results fur the optical encryption of binary information.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2008

RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) system is an automated identification system that consists of tags and readers. They communicate with each other by RF signal. As a reader can identify many tags in contactless manner using RF signal, RFID system is expected to do a new technology to substitute a bar-code system. But RFID system creates new threats to the security and privacy of individuals, Because tags and readers communicate with each other in insecure channel using RF signal. So many people are trying to study various manners to solve privacy problems against attacks, but it is difficult to apply to RFID system based on low-cost Gen2. Therefore, We will propose a new encryption scheme using matrix based on Gen2 in RFID system in paper, and We will analyze our encryption scheme in view of the security and efficiency through a simulation and investigate application environments to use our encryption scheme.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.13-21
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• 2020

This paper proposes a sign reversal channel switching method in space-frequency block code for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system. In case of sending source data on other antenna, it is necessary for the receiver to change combining method according to the channel variation. If one does not know the predefined channel switching sequence, it is not possible to decode the received data precisely. In transmit data symbols' exchanges for a channel switching, data symbols are exchanged according to a format of space-frequency block code. In this paper, we proposes a simple sign reversal method except exchanging data symbols between transmit antennas. It is shown that this method occurs another combining method for a simple encryption in the receiver.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.273-279
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• 2005

Toward code division multiple access (CDMA) communications and data protection, we propose and analyze pseudorandom noise (PN) sequences generated from a 2-dimensional array structure of shift-registers. For any positive integers m and n, we construct PN sequences of period $2^{mm}-1$ using an $m{\times}n$ array of registers and show that we can generate all shifted PN sequences as required by IS-95x with the proper linear combination of available sequences.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.192-195
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• 2000

GSM(Global System for Mobile Communication) system which is being used in Europe is composed A3, A5 and A8 algorithms. In this paper we implement A3 algorithm using VHDL, and verify the design by simulation. The A3 algorithm is divided into 3 parts, the encryption part, in which F-function encrypts 64 bit block data；the key generation part, which produces 32 bit subkeys；the control part, which produces the control code.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2016.04a
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• pp.212-214
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• 2016

안드로이드 마켓이 커지면서 불법복제와 변조를 통한 재배포로 인하여 손해가 증가하고 있다. 앱을 보호하기 위하여 여러 기법이 나왔지만, 역공학으로 우회가 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 사용자의 기기고유정보로 비밀키를 생성하여 소스코드를 암호화하고, 앱이 실행될 때 복호화 및 동적로딩을 수행한다. 본 제안 방식은 소스코드 암호화를 통한 불법복제 및 역공학을 방지할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.481-486
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• 2002

In this paper, we propose CELM(Cascade ELM) to improve stability. We could realize as cascade connected each other key value with N degree equation which has a initial value. And we could know to be improved in stability with the nature of Chaos in simulation result. In efficiency, this CELM algorithm identified sire of encrypted code with size of source code and we could know more efficient than existing RSA and ECC. In speed, CELM took average 0.18㎳ degree to encrypt a file. Although it was slower than DES, it was faster than ECC of RSA.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1457-1458
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• 2007

자바 언어의 중요한 특징 중의 하나는 어떤 기계에서든지 실행될 수 있다는 점이다. 이러한 플랫폼에 대한 독립성은 자바 프로그램이 바이트 코드 형태로 배포되기 때문에 가능한 일이다. 바이트 코드는 특정 기계에 종속되지 않고 자바 가상 머신(Java Virtual Machine:JVM)를 지원하는 곳이면 어디에서든지 실행 가능하다. 그런데 바이트 코드로 번역된 코드에는 자바 소스 코드의 정보가 그대로 포함되어 있는데, 이로 인해서 바이트 코드에서 자바 소스코드로의 역컴파일(Decompilation)이 쉽게 이루어진다는 취약점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 자바 바이트 코드의 난독화 기법을 살펴보고, Code Encryption Algorithm을 이용해서 역컴파일 하기 어려운 형태로 만드는 기술인 코드 난독처리(Code Obfuscation) 기법을 제안하였다.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.93-101
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• 2010

A true random number generator (TRNG) is widely used to generate secure random numbers for encryption, digital signatures, authentication, and so on in crypto-systems. Since TRNG is vulnerable to environmental changes, a deterministic function is normally used to reduce bias and improve the statistical properties of the TRNG output. In this paper, we propose a linear corrector for secure TRNG. The performance of a linear corrector is bounded by the minimum distance of the corresponding linear error correcting code. However, we show that it is possible to construct a linear corrector overcoming the minimum distance limitation. The proposed linear corrector shows better performance in terms of removing bias in that it can enlarge the acceptable bias range of the raw TRNG output. Moreover, it is possible to efficiently implement this linear corrector using only XOR gates, which must have a suitable hardware size for embedded security systems.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.800-806
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• 2015

WAVE(Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments) system is wireless communication technology that vehicle sends and receives packets between vehicles or between vehicles and infrastructure in a high-speed mobile environment. In this study, we have designed and implemented a CRL(Certificate Revocation List) download protocol that is used to verify certificate revocation status of the other party when the vehicles communicate with WAVE system. This protocol operates over UDP. And to support security features, also, ECDSA(Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm) is used for mutual authentication and ECIES(Elliptic Curve Integrated Encryption Scheme) is used to ensure the confidentiality. Moreover, this protocol ensures the integrity of data by adding MAC(Message Authentication Code) to the end of packet and support the error and flow control mechanisms.