• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.116-118
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• 2002

It has been noted that Monte Carlo simulations are the most accurate method to calculate dose distributions in any material and geometry. Monte Carlo transport algorithms determine the absorbed dose by following the path of representative particles as they travel through the medium. Accurate Monte Carlo dose calculations rely on detailed modeling of the radiation source. We modeled the effects of beam modifiers such as collimators, blocks, wedges, etc. of our accelerator, Varian Clinac 600C/D to ensure accurate representation of the radiation source using the EGSnrc based BEAM code. These were used in the EGSnrc based DOSXYZ code for the simulation of particles transport through a voxel based Cartesian coordinate system. Because Monte Carlo methods use particle-by-particle methods to simulate a radiation transport, more particle histories yield the better representation of the actual dose. But the prohibitively long time required to get high resolution and accuracy calculations has prevented the use of Monte Carlo methods in the actual clinical spots. Our ultimate aim is to develop a Monte Carlo dose calculation system designed specifically for radiation therapy planning, which is distinguished from current dose calculation methods. The purpose of this study in the present phase was to get dose calculation results corresponding to measurements within practical time limit. We used parallel processing and some variance reduction techniques, therefore reduced the computational time, preserving a good agreement between calculations of depth dose distributions and measurements within 5% deviations.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.265-270
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• 2004

This paper addresses the effect of group delay in satellite communication system. Phase of signal is distorted by the non-constant group delay. Group delay can be modeled as linear, parabolic and cubic type according to the polynomial characteristic. We investigate BER performance of satellite communication system with each 3 kinds of group delay. As signal bandwidth becomes wider, group delay makes more influence on the signal. BNR performance of satellite communication system is found when data rates are 1Mbps, 4Mbps and 8Mbps. Convolution coding with the code rate of 1/2 or 7/8 is used. At BER =10$\^$-5/, system with group delay needs more SNR of minimum 0.3㏈ to maximum 4.4㏈ than system without group delay. The worst case of BER performance happens in the linear group delay, 7/8 punctured convolution coding and 8 Mbps. The required SNR is increased by 4.4㏈ at this worst case.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.67-75
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• 2014

Methane gas hydrate which is considered energy source for the next generation has an urgent need to develop reliable numerical simulator for coupled THM phenomena in the porous media, to minimize problems arising during the production and optimize production procedures. International collaborations to improve previous numerical codes are in progress, but they still have mismatch in the predicted value and unstable convergence. In this paper, FEM code for fully coupled THM phenomena is developed to analyze methane hydrate dissociation in the porous media. Coupled partial differential equations are derived from four mass balance equations (methane hydrate, soil, water, and hydrate gas), energy balance equation, and force equilibrium equation. Five main variables (displacement, gas saturation, fluid pressure, temperature, and hydrate saturation) are chosen to give higher numerical convergence through trial combinations of variables, and they can analyze the whole region of a phase change in hydrate bearing porous media. The kinetic model is used to predict dissociation of methane hydrate. Developed THM FEM code is applied to the comparative study on a Masuda's laboratory experiment for the hydrate production, and verified for the stability and convergence.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.87-93
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• 2001

As a new type of a linear decorrelating receiver, the Pseudo-Decorrelator was presented for asynchronous code division multiple access systems by the author. In this paper, the concept of the Pseudo-Decorrelator is extended to derive a receiver for WCDMA uplink systems over an additive white Gaussian noise channel. Starting with the analysis of the multiple access components of the decision statistics, a non-square cross-correlation matrix for each bit is obtained. This cross-correlation matrix is then inverted, and the inverted matrix is applied to the decision statistics obtained from a conventional receiver. In this receiver, the detection process can be started after the first three consecutive bits are received. Simulation results are presented for K-user systems over an additive white Gaussian noise channel under the circumstances in which synchronization errors, including time delay errors and carrier phase errors exist. It is shown that the proposed receiver performs better than a conventional receiver and parallel interference canceller.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.1797-1804
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• 2011

In this paper, I analyzed array organization of MIMO channel antenna and effect of operation environment by evaluating average BER from linear Space-Time Block Code orthogonal design and suggests designing condition of MT antenna for improved BER and the fading index m. To analyze system performance, I used M-PSK and M-QAM modulation, and to use analysis equations I used integrated by Nakagami fading variable, non-integrated Nakagami fading variable. We can get the organization of channel array by using mathematical calculation on matrix. STBE BER performance will decrease as AOA spreading decrease and such loss can be compensated from extending antenna spacing, and changing array organization.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.24 no.10A
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• pp.1571-1578
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• 1999

In this paper, we present the Modulator Channel Card and VLSI chip for the Radio Transceiver Unit (RTU) of direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) Wireless Local Loop (WLL) System. The Modulator Channel Card is designed and implemented using ASIC's, FPGA's and DSP's. The ASIC, compliance with Common Air Interface specification proposed by ETRI, has 40K gates which is designed to operate at 32MHz, and is fabricated using $0.6\mu\textrm{m}$ CMOS process. The ASIC carries out for I- or Q- phase data channel signal processing at a time, where each data channel processing consists of channel coding, block interleaving, scrambling, Walsh modulation, Pseudo-Noise (PN) spreading, and baseband filtering. The Modulator Channel Card has been integrated as a part of RTU of WLL system and is confirmed that it meets all functional and performance requirements.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 1998

MAI(Multi-Access Interference) and fast channel variation due to the fading environment are the major problems in the mobile CDMA communication systems. Recently, interest has been increasing in applying the Adaptive Linear MMSE Detector to MAI cancellation in the CDMA reverse link. In this paper, we propose a modified Adaptive Linear MMSE Detector structure which can be used in Long-duration code CDMA system in the presence of independent Rayleigh fading. We use independent multiple tap-weight vector structure to cope with the variation of spreading sequence pattern between neighbor symbols because of the Long-duration code. In this case, more exact channel parameter estimation is required. To solve this problem, we use coherent CDMA structure which can track the channel parameters like amplitude and phase by employing the low power pilot channel in the CDMA reverse link.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.657-665
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• 2000

In this study, the bit error rate(BER) performance for the speech and data traffic is evaluated by results of the reverse link simulation of CDMA-based IMT-2000. Simulations in the reverse link are achieved for indoor, pedestrian, and vehicular environments, which are provided by ITU-R . Also, in the these simulations, the fast power control of 1.6kHz rate is applied. The amplitude and phase of the fading signal are estimated by using the 5-tap FIR filter, and the soft-decision Viterbi and Reed-Solomon (RS) decoding are applied. Simulation results provide the optimum ratio of pilot power to traffic power, the BER performance according to the number of fingers, and performance comparison between convolutional code and concatenated code at $10^-6$ BER in 5 MHz system.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.731-746
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• 1997

The usage of object models for the development of software has been frowung due to the prevalence of the ob-ject oriented paradigm.The object moedels produced as results of requirments analysis and design activities are vety veneficial to the implementation phase.It is even possible for source code to be genrated automatically if object models are concrete enough.Therefore system analyzers and desingners should make an dffort to refine theabstrace ogject model defined at.an early stage in order to achieve a more conrete object model.In general,re-fining an abstrace object model into a concrete model depends too much on the desigver's infromal experience.In this paper,we persent the refinement techniques required for concreting an abstract object model bassed on OMT(Object Modeling Technique)'s notation,We will discuss the definition of the abstraction level of an object model and the transformational rules of refinement.These transformational rules are currently applied to the design of a software tool,named Process Modeler,which is a major component of the software development process modeling system for ICS(Information Communication Service). Finally we can achieve a concrete object model which can easily be translated into C++ source code.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.805-814
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• 1994

In this paper, we introduce a new method which is available for analyzing the throughput of the packet radio network by using the auxiliary Markov transient matrix with a failure state and a success state. And we consider the effect of symbol error for the network state(X, R) consisted of the number of transmitting PRU X and receiving PRU R. We examine the packet radio network of a continuous time Markov chain model, and the direct sequence binary phase shift keying CDMA radio channel with hard decision Viterbi decoding and bit-by-bit changing spreading code. For the unslotted distributed multi-hop packet radio network, we assume that the packet error due to a symbol error of radio channel has Poisson process, and the time period of an error occurrence is exponentially distributed. Through the throughputs which are found as a function of radio channel parameters, such as the received signal to noise ratio and chips of spreading code per symbol, and of network parameters, such as the number of PRU and offered traffic rate, it is shown that this composite analysis enables us to combine the Markovian packet radio network model with a coded DS/BPSK CDMA radio channel.