• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.111-119
• /
• 1993

The nitrogenous compounds and minerals in the raw and cooked meat of cockle shell were analyzed, and compared with those of cooked meat extracts. In abundant free amino acids, the content of glutamic acid was $129mg\%$ in raw meet, $105mg\%$ in cooked meat, $28mg\%$ in cooked meet extracts, aspartic acid, glycine, arginine, lysine, leucine, and alanine in order. The major components were lysine, arginine and leucine, and the minor components of essential amino acids were proline, tyrosine, serine and cystine. Some of ATP, ADP, AMP, inosine and hypoxanthine were identified in raw and cooked meat, but IMP and inosine were not detected in cooked meat extracts. A slight drop in content of ATP was showed in cooked meat and those had a higher content in inosine and hypoxanthine compared with raw meat. TMA, TMAO and betaine were also checked in all meat products and TMA slightly increased during cooking. Minerals in cooked cockle shell products were phosphorous, potassium, calcium and zinc. The content of phosphorous showed the highest value($16mg\%$ in raw, $185mg\%$ in cooked meat, and $25mg\%$ in extracts).

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.54 no.5
• /
• pp.685-690
• /
• 2021

Harmful shell-boring species of the genus Polydora (Polychaeta: Spionidae) were frequently reported from commercially important mollusk species in Korea, Japan and China. The traditional approach based on the morphological characteristics showed limitations for species discrimination among shell-boring species. Therefore, DNA barcoding was adopted to identify Polydora species using molecular markers. Two Polydora species (P. haswelli and P. hoplura) in abalone shells were reported from our previous molecular phylogenetic study. In this study, we additionally reported the presence of shell-boring Polydora haswelli in commercially sold shellfish. The taxon-specific cox1 marker used in this study successfully allowed the isolation of P. haswelli from cockle Scapharca subcrenata, mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, oyster Crassostrea gigas and scallop Argopecten irradians. Polydora hoplura was not found in these shellfish species. The genetic variations were found on the intraspecific level of P. haswelli and the same genotype was also detected in different shellfish species. This result can provide information on a new host and accurate parasitic Polydora species. Moreover, this report can be used as the biodiversity data of Polydora species on the invasion and transition of harmful Polydora species in mollusk aquaculture farms.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.171-177
• /
• 2010

We examined physiological responses related to the survival, oxygen consumption and filtration rate of the blood cockle, Tegillaarca granosa as a result of salinity changes. The 44-day $LS_{50}$ (median lethal salinity) at $10^{\circ}C$ for adult and juvenile was 15.8 (confidence limits 13.5-18.2 psu) and 16.2 (confidence limits 14.1-18.4 psu) psu respectively, whereas the 11-day $LS_{50}$ at $25^{\circ}C$ for adult and juvenile was 16.8 psu (confidence limits 12.9-21.2 psu) and 22.4 (confidence limits 20.5-24.7 psu) psu respictively. In conditions of decreasing salinity, Oxygen consumption and filtration rates decreased or varied irregularly as salinity decreased. The results of this study could prove important in investigating causes of mass mortality and managing shellfish aquaculture farms.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.72-82
• /
• 1986

There were three important species among the marine organisms which were cultured in the inter tidal zone in the old days, and an ark-shell was one of them. Exaiming old books and reports concerning fishery were made in order to reveal the history and industrial trend of ark-shell culture. Ark-shell was called by the different names in the old days "Komak" and "Sohap". The name of Komak was originated in the southern coast area in the 1,700s, and from the begining of 18 century Komak was used only. Ark-shell was produced in all southern and western coast areas, where a little of fresh water flows into the calm inner sea and the intertidal zone is well developed. It was well known that ark-shells shell as well as its flesh took the effect of a medicine. Its culturing method in Korea seems to be derived from China in the beginning of 19 century, it was cultured first at the southern area of Chollanam-do. It was considered as the side business, but after Korean war it is produced on the basis of cooperative work, now its production is quite increased (more than $5,000\fra{M}{T}$) due to the goverments development policy.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.102-110
• /
• 1993

In order to obtain basic data on the effective utilization of cockle shell, food compositions and lipid components its the raw, cooked meat and cooked meat extracts were analyzed. Cooked meat($95^{\circ}C$, 15 sec 3kg/200l water) showed a slight lower content in moisture and total crude lipid then raw meat but those meat had more crude protein and ash then raw one. Non-polar lipid of the raw, cooked meat and its extract consist of $25.4\%,\;22.4\%\;and\;48.7\%$, of total lipid, while polar lipid, $74.6\%,\;77.6\%\;and\;51.3\%$ respectively. Non-polar lipid was mainly was consisted of triglyceride, free fatty acid, and polar lipid mainly was consisted of phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine. The major fatty acids of total lipid and fractionated lipid were 20:5(n-3), 22:6(n-3), 16:0 and 18:0 in the raw, cooked meat and cooked meat extracts and showed higher contents in polyenes such as 20:5(n-3), 22:6(n-3).

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.88-92
• /
• 2005

In order to make pure dyestuff extract from polygonum tinctoria, we tried to traditionally-using cockle shell which the extracted water should be filtered in indigo for 8 hours and at the $40^{\circ}C$, and 4.0 pH. The 1.631g of powder dye could be produced when the 10.0 ml of aqueous ammonia was added into the solution, which had been filtered for 8 hours with the 300 g of indigo plant and the 2.51 of water. The main components of two maded -dye which has traditionally made of this and has purely made of that compared by TLC, HPLC, LC/MC techniques. Finally, the antibacterial activities and deodorization ratio of silk fabrics with natural indigo were carried out, too.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 2024

This study explores the utilization of common marine wastes, specifically seashells, such as oysters and cockles, as alternative fine aggregates in construction materials. The considered seashells were cleaned and pre-processed for use as a substitute for aggregate in mortar. Cement mortar specimens were prepared under different conditions, such as substitution ratios and the cleaning status of the seashells. The compressive strength of the mortars specimens was evaluated, and the solid and porous structures of each specimen were analyzed using microstructure analysis methods such as XRD, SEM, and micro-CT. The results confirmed that oyster and cockle seashells are composed of different calcium carbonate polymorphs, and their microstructural characteristics influence the mechanical properties of the cement mortar specimens.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.512-518
• /
• 1997

This study was performed to determine the amount of aluminum, which is one of the factors of Alzheimer's disease, In some fishes caught from some areas of the west coast in Korea. The 46 aquatic products were composed of fishes, molluscs, and salt-fermented products (jeot-gal). The 24 fishes were Hickory shad, Gobies, Pomfref, Atkafish, Flounder, Jambeng-ie Monk fish, Yellow hair tail, Mackerel, Bartailed flathead, Alaska pollack, Brown croaker, Eel, Fine-spotted flounder, Black spotted grouper, Sea-eel, Pacific saury, Areliscus honaleus, Small boil-dried anchovy, Croaker, Hair tail, Sea bream genuine, Motleystrip rainbowfish, and Bastard halibut. The 15 Molluscs were Whip-arm octopus, Sea arrow, Common squid, Han chi, Cuttle fish, Turban shell, Pond snail, Orient calm, Surf calm, Butter calm, Crib shell, Oyster, Egg cockle, Little neck calm, and Arkshell. The 7 salt-fermented products were salt-fermented Shrimp, Little neck, Oyster, Shad, Gonjeng-ie, Hqangsegi, and Squid. All of them were ashed with 5$m\ell$ HNO$_3$ and then with 10$m\ell$ ternary solution (HNO$_3$ : H$_2$SO$_4$ : HClO$_4$= 10 : 1 : 4). After ashing of the samples, the aluminum amount were measured by ICP. The aluminum amount of molluscs was significantly higher than that of fishes and salt-fermented products(p＜0.01). The aluminum amount of Orient calm and Healak in molluscs were 827.70, 812.55ppm, respectively, which were the most amounts compared nth that of the other samples. But the aluminum amounts of Bartailed flathead and Sea bream, genuine In fishes were 0.98, 0.97ppm, respectively, which were the least amounts compared with that of other samples. This study was limited within 46 aquatic samples, therefore I hope there will be wider efforts to determine about auminum amount in broade range of aquatic foods for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2019.05a
• /
• pp.203-203
• /
• 2019

도시화로 인한 불투수면의 증가는 물순환 왜곡, 비점오염원 발생 및 수생태계 건상성 훼손 등을 야기시키며, 이를 해결하기 위하여 다양한 LID 기법을 적용하고 있다. 일반적으로 LID 내 적용 되는 여재들은 무기성여재로 중량이 크고 미세공극의 부재로 물리화학적 및 생물학적 저감기능이 제한적이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 중량성이 낮은 생물폐자원을 선정하여 LID 시설 적용성평가를 수행하고자 한다. 생물폐자원은 발생량, 경량성 및 용이성을 고려하여 꼬막껍질(CS)과 호두껍질(WS)을 선정하였다. 생물폐자원의 산화부식을 고려하여 무기성 여재인 화산석과 혼합하여 Bioretention 시설에 적용하였으며, 여재 혼합비율에 따라 총 3가지의 Case 로 구성하였다. 식생은 구절초와 꽃댕강나무를 식재하였으며, 여재의 물리적 특성 분석을 위하여 적용 전과 후의 SEM(Scanning Electronic Microscope)을 수행하였다. 모니터링은 도로퇴적물 100g과 물 110L를 제조하여 인공강우유출수를 이용하여 수행하였으며, $0.0003{\sim}0.007m^3/sec$의 유속으로 주입하였다. 시설의 유입 및 유출부에서 유량 측정 및 수질 시료를 채취하였으며, 채취된 시료는 수질오염공정 시험법에 준하여 입자상 물질, 유기물, 영양물질 및 중금속 등을 분석하였다. Bioretention 시설의 모니터링 결과를 이용하여 물수지 및 TSS 저감 효율을 산정하였으며. 물수지 분석결과 시설의 저류율은 Case 1(soil) > Case 3(WS+RV) > Case 2(CS+RV) 순으로 나타났다. 시설 내 공극률이 가장 낮았던 Case 1에서 저류율이 약 55%로 가장 높게 것으로 분석되었다. Case 3(WS+RV)은 Case 2(WS+RV)와 시설 내 공극률이 유사함에도 불구하고 저류율이 약 10% 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 오염물질 저감효율 분석 결과, TSS와 TP의 제거효율은 모든 Case에서 약 75% 이상으로 높게 나타났으며, COD의 경우 모래를 적용한 Case 1에 비해 생물폐자원인 꼬막껍질과 호두껍질을 적용한 Case에서 약 1.3배 이상 높게 나타났다. 호두껍질과 꼬막껍질의 SEM 분석 결과 표면에 다공성이 형성되어 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 이는 여과 및 저류기작으로 인한 물순환 효과증대와 다공성과 돌기사이로 인한 입자상의 물질 여과 및 흡착으로 인하여 오염물질의 제거효율이 증대 된 것으로 평가된다. LID시설 내 생물폐자원과 무기성여재를 적절히 배합하여 복합여재로 조성할 경우 침하현상을 방지할 뿐만 아니라 저류 및 침투기능 향상과 미생물의 서식환경을 제공하기에 물순환 회복 및 비점오염물질 저감에 기여할 것으로 평가된다.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.47-64
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to search the calcium and iron rich foods in Korean people. The food sources presented in the current home economics textbooks of middle and high school were investigated. And 40 kinds of calcium and iron rich foods were selected by the quantity in 100g edible portion. one serving size and according to 1997 food supply data. Also 3 major food groups of calcium and iron supply in Korean were identified, and 10 rich foods for each food groups were selected. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The food sources of calcium 1) The food sources of calcium presented in the home economics textbooks of middle and high school are milk and dairy products. small fishes such as anchovy icefish and dried strip and green vegetables etc. 2) The calcium rich foods by 100g edible portion were in order of skim milk powder river snail sesame sea mustard. whole milk powder. snapping turtle loach sea tangle(dried) opossum shrimp and sea lettuce(dried). And the calcium rich foods by the calcium content in one serving were in order of river snail snapping turtle opossum shrimp loach spiny lobster skate skim milk powder small alaska pollack freshwater crab condensed milk whole milk powder skate ray and milk. 3) The 3 major calcium supply food groups in Korean were vegetables fish and shellfishes and milk and dairy products. 4) The calcium supply foods according to the quantity of food supply in 1997 was in order of sea mustard, milk anchovy chinese cabbage soybean skin milk powder laver shrimp welsh onion and maize. The vegetables were the important sources of calcium in Korean. 2. The food sources of iron 1) The food sources of iron which are commonly presented in the textbooks of middle and high school were meat liver egg(egg yolk) and green vegetables etc 2) The iron rich foods on the basis of the iron content in 100g edible portion were in order of surf clam marsh clam laver(dried)( sea lettuce(dried), crayfish pelilla seed little neck clam orient hard clam, venus clam, and freshwater carab. And the iron rich foods by the iron content in one serving were in order of surf clam marsh clam crayfish little neck clam orient hard clam freshwater crab venus clam hen cockle green confertii(fresh) pen shell and spiny lobster. 3) The 3 major iron supply food groups in Korean were cereals an cereal products fishes and shellfishes and vegetables. 4) The iron supply food according to the quantity of food supply in 1997 was in order of soybean sea mustard maize rice meat edible viscera laver wheat flour, pook, red pepper, egg and bovine meat.