• 국제지역연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.175-196
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• 2011

개도국이 경제성장을 시도할 때 일반적으로 유휴생산요소들이 존재한다. 이런 상황에서 수출, FDI와 내수생산이 고용증가에 미치는 영향에 대해 중요한 경제적 함의를 Myint(1958)의 잉여분출설과 Lewis(1954)모형은 제공한다. 이 논문은 이 두 이론을 바탕으로 하여 수출과 FDI를 통해서 빠른 경제성장을 이룩하고 있는 중국경제에 적용하여 수출, FDI와 내수생산이 고용에 미치는 효과에 대해서 실증분석 하였다. 먼저 Cobb-Douglas생산함수를 통해 추정방정식을 유도하여 첫째 수출, FDI와 내수생산이 고용이 미치는 효과, 둘째 수출과 FDI증가가 기술습득을 촉진하고 이것이 노동생산성향상을 통해 고용을 촉진하는 효과를 추정하였다. 추정결과 중국은 내수생산이 고용효과가 가장 컸고 그 다음 FDI였으며 수출은 그다지 큰 고용효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 기술습득에 의한 고용효과는 수출보다는 FDI가 더 실질적인 것으로 나타났다. 이제 중국은 고용을 창출하여 내부불균형문제를 해결하기 위해서는 수출보다는 유입된 FDI를 내수생산에 활용하는 것이 더 유효하리라고 판단된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.577-585
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• 2019

Objective : Comparing the effects of magnetically controlled growing rod (MCGR) and traditional growing rod (TGR) techniques on the sagittal plane in the treatment of early-onset scoliosis (EOS). Methods : Twelve patients were operated using dual MCGR technique in one center, while 15 patients were operated using dual TGR technique for EOS in another center. Patients' demographic characteristics, complications and radiological measurements such as cobb angle, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, T1-S1 range (mm), proximal junctional angle, distal junctional angle, sagittal balance, coronal balance, pelvic incidence, sacral slope and pelvic tilt were assessed and compared in preoperative, postoperative and last follow-up period. Results : Age and sex distributions were similar in both groups. The mean number of lengthening in the MCGR group was 12 (8-15) and 4.8 (3-7) in the TGR group. Two techniques were shown to be effective in controlling the curvature and in the increase of T1-S1 distance. In TGR group, four patients had rod fractures, six patients had screw pull-out and four patients had an infection, whereas three patients had screw pull-out and one patient had infection complications in the MCGR group. Conclusion : There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of cobb angle, coronal and sagittal balance and sagittal pelvic parameters. MCGR can cause hypokyphosis and proximal junctional kyphosis in a minimum 2-year follow-up period. The implant-related complications were less in the MCGR group. However, larger case groups and longer follow-up periods are required for the better understanding of the superiority of one method on other in terms of complications.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.552-561
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• 2021

Objective : To compare the anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and posterior cervical fusion (PCF) with wide facetectomy in the treatment of parallel-shaped bony foraminal stenosis (FS). Methods : Thirty-six patients underwent surgery due to one-or-two levels of parallel-shaped cervical FS. ACDF was performed in 16 patients, and PCF using CPS was performed in 20 patients. All patients were followed up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Standardized outcome measures such as Numeric rating scale (NRS) score for arm/neck pain and Neck disability index (NDI) were evaluated. Cervical radiographs were used to compare the C2-7 Cobb's angle, segmental angle, and fusion rates. Results : There was an improvement in NRS scores after both approaches for radicular arm pain (mean change -6.78 vs. -8.14, p=0.012), neck pain (mean change -1.67 vs. -4.36, p=0.038), and NDI score (-19.69 vs. -18.15, p=0.794). The segmental angle improvement was greater in the ACDF group than in the posterior group (9.4°±2.7° vs. 3.3°±5.1°, p=0.004). However, there was no significant difference in C2-7 Cobb angle between groups (16.2°±7.9° vs. 14.8°±8.5°, p=0.142). As a complication, dysphagia was observed in one case of the ACDF group. Conclusion : In the treatment of parallel-shaped bony FS up to two surgical levels, segmental angle improvement was more favorable in patients who underwent ACDF. However, PCF with wide facetectomy using CPS should be considered as an alternative treatment option in cases where the anterior approach is burdensome.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.1030-1038
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• 2022

Objective: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of enzyme complex (EC) on the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in corn gluten meal (60%) (CGM), soy protein concentrate (SPC), dried bovine plasma (DBP), and poultry offal meal (POM). Experiments I and II were conducted with broilers in the pre-starter (1 to 7 days of age) and starter (1 to 21 days of age) phases, respectively. Methods: The treatments consisted of a protein-free diet (PFD) containing feedstuffs either supplemented with EC (xylanase, amylase, and protease) or not. In Experiment I, a total of 360 one-day-old male Cobb-500 broiler chicks were randomly housed in 45 pens, resulting in five replicates with eight birds each, totalizing eight treatments and one PFD group. In Experiment II a total of 270 one-day-old male Cobb-500 broiler chicks were randomly housed in 45 pens, resulting in five replicates with six birds each, totalizing eight treatments and one PFD group. The PFD groups were used to assess the endogenous AA losses. The birds were slaughtered to collect the ileal content. Results: In the pre-starter phase, the SID of arginine, branched chain-aminoacids, glycine, serine, aspartate, and glutamic acid increased with EC addition. The EC improved the SID of arginine and glutamic acid of CGM; the SID of valine and cystine of SPC; the SID of leucine, glycine, and aspartate of POM and the SID of isoleucine of DBP. In the starter phase, the SID of isoleucine, phenylalanine and glycine increased in EC-supplemented diets. The EC improved the SID of isoleucine of DBP; the SID of phenylalanine of CGM and POM. The SID of AA of SPC was not influenced by the EC. Conclusion: The addition of an EC to broiler pre-starter and starter diets is efficient in increasing the SID of AA on SPC, POM, and DBP.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 1th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.968-973
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to clarify the reality of labor and capital productivity in the construction industry through an industry-level approach and to analyze the relationship between labor and capital productivity using a Cobb-Douglas production function. According to the research results, the construction industry has shown a very high capital productivity, while labor productivity has kept up a low level during the 1980s and 1990s. The reason was because of the lack of skillful construction workers and the decrease of capital. Meanwhile, the construction productivity has greatly increased since 2000 when there was no change in wages. This was because of a large inflow of low-wage foreign workers while the amount of value added has dramatically increased due to the liberalized sale price of apartment buildings. According to the analysis by the Cobb-Douglas production function, the elasticity coefficient of V/L to K/L in the construction industry had decreased from 1.1663 in the 1^st period(1971-1988) to 0.4465 in the 2^nd period(1989-1997), and to 0.1664 in the 3^rd period(1998-2003). Such a result means that the allocation of labor has gradually increased while the allocation of capital has decreased. Moreover there was a big increase in allocation of labor after 1998 due to the excessive deterioration of capital. In conclusion, in order to raise the construction productivity and to avoid labor-intensive production methods, investment for capital should be more increased. In particular, new machinery and equipment that can actually substitute human labor in construction sites should be more developed and applied to construction sites.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.731-739
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• 2023

Objective: This study was to evaluate the interaction of three different light-emitting diode (LED) light colors (white, green, and blue) and three intensities (5, 10, and 15 lx) on slaughter performance, meat quality and serum antioxidant capacity of broilers raised in three-layer cages. Methods: A total of 648 (8-days-old) male broiler chicks (Cobb-500) were randomly assigned in 3×3 factorially arranged treatments: three light colors (specifically, white, blue, and green) and three light intensities (namely, 5, 10, and 15 lx) for 35 days. Each treatment consisted of 6 replicates of 12 chicks. The test lasted for 35 days. Results: The semi-eviscerated weight percentage (SEWP) in 5 lx white was higher than that in 15 lx (p<0.01). The eviscerated weight percentage (EWP) (p<0.05) and water-loss percentage (WLP) (p<0.01) decreased in 10 lx white light than those in green light. Under blue light, the content of hypoxanthine (Hx) in muscle was lower than that under white and green light (p<0.01). The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in 15 lx blue light was higher than that in 10 lx green light (p<0.05). Light color had an extremely significant effect on thigh muscle percentage, WLP, Hx, and crude protein content (p<0.01). Light intensity had a significant effect on SEWP (p<0.05), EWP (p<0.05), lightness (L^*) value (p<0.05), WLP (p<0.01), and the contents of superoxide dismutase (p<0.05), MDA (p<0.01), glutathione peroxidase (p<0.01). Conclusion: Using white LED light with 10 lx light intensity can significantly improve the chicken quality of caged Cobb broilers, improve the content of inosine acid in chicken breast and enhance the antioxidant capacity of the body. We suggest that the broiler farm can use 10 lx white LED light source for lighting in 8 to 42 days.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.217-223
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• 1988

남자 초 중 고등학생의 척추측만증 유병률을 알아 보고자 1988년 5월 부산 시내 남자 2개 국민학교 4학년 463명, 1개 중학교 1학년 543명, 1개 고등학교 1학년 387명 총 1,393명을 대상으로 국민학생에게는 시진으로, 중 고등학생에게는 시진과 폐결핵 집단검진을 위해 실시한 흉부X-선 간접촬영을 이용하여 조사하였다. 이상소견으로 나타난 학생의 체중, 신장, 평소 가방을 메고 다니는 방향을 조사하였다. 만곡의 크기는 Cobb's 방법을 이용하였다. 사진과 흉부X-선 간접촬영 어느 한쪽이라도 척추에 이상소견으로 판정된 학생은 국민학생 15명(3.2%), 중학생 174명(32.0%), 그리고 고등학생 92명(23.8%)이었다. 그러나 시진과 흉부X-선 간접촬영 모두 이상소견으로 일치되는 경우는 중학생 2.2%, 고등학생 2.6%이었으며 Cobb's 각이 $5^{\circ}$ 이상인 척추측만증은 중학생 1.1%, 고등학생 2.3%였다. 두가지 조사방법에 모두 이상소견을 보인 학생들의 가방메는 방향과 척추만곡의 방향은 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.05). 두가지 조사방법중 어느 한가지에 이상소견을 보인 281명의 평균체중과 신장은 같은 나이의 우리나라 표준체중과 신장에 비해 국민학생의 경우 체중은 거의 같았으나 신장은 표준신장보다 약간 작았다. 중학생은 표준치보다 체중은 1.4kg, 신장은 4.3cm 작았고 고등학생의 평균 체중과 신장은 모두 표준치보다 약간 더 높았다. 본 조사성적으로 미루어 보아 고등학교 상급학년에는 척추측만증 유병률이 더 높을 것이며 여학생들에게는 남자보다 더 흔하므로 척추측만증은 간과할 수 없는 학교보건문제로 생각된다. 또한 척추측만증 예방을 위해 가방의 무게를 줄이고, 학교에서 바른 자세를 갖도록 교육하고, 주기적으로 체조를 시키도록 하는 것이 좋을 것으로 생각된다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제20권41호
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• pp.33-40
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• 1997

The main objective of this study is to analysis the relationship between productivity measurement model which describe and explain R&D(Research & Development) productivity based on production function of Cobb-Douglas and the structure of the R&D investment. The model focuses on the variables related to R&D investment in order to measure the efficiency of R&D largely. So, the proposed model describe the relationship between output(or / input) and factors of production such as capital cost, labor cost and R&D expense, etc. These factors are associated with a signigicant positive correlation between productivity and R&D investment.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.445-451
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• 2008

This paper examines measures of technical efficiency in off-shore fishery based on a frontier production function model of the Cobb-Douglas type. Technical efficiency ranges between 57.13 and 98.62 percent. The results suggest that the highest TE in the industry is the trawl. Also, this analysis shows that Busan's Danish seine fishery has a maximum TE. Angling in Gangwon has a minimum TE. Empirical measures of technical efficiency in this study can be useful in analyzing the potential effects of policies designed to deal with the current fishery industry.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2011

In recent business environments, the competition among firms is shifting from the competition based on individual firm only to the competition based on alliance of firms. This is because it is not easy for a firm to perform all functions which consumers want. Thus, it is more effective to combine core competencies of different firms based on a strategic partnership. It is essential to establish a strategic partnership and this strategic partnership is a key success factor in PSS(Product-Service System) which combines products and services. In this paper, we propose a profit sharing model for PSS partnership. We first analyze customer's utility using Cobb-Douglas utility function and then propose the PSS profit sharing ratio considering functionalities and cost structures based on the combination ratio of PSS. This paper helps firms to develop partnership strategies for PSS.