• Membrane Journal
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.193-201
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• 1999

The object of study were the development of membrane process and the optimization of operation condition for membrane system, which was used the pre-treatment system of tap water treatment in steady of conventional process such as coagulation, sedimentation. The higher steady flux is very important factor, by a suitable pre-treatment and optimization of operating condition such as fouling control, crossflow and backwashing method, in membrane system. So, we were observed the effect of flux decline for membrane used by 4 type ultrafiltration(UF) membrane pre-treatment process, and optimized the operation condition of filtration system under various MWCO(Molecular weight cut-off), operation pressure, linear velocity and temperature to maintain higher flux. From these experiment, we were identified that UF process showed a slower flux decline rate and a higher flux recovery than microfiltration(MF) membrane. The water quality of UF permeate was better than that of MF, and was not effected pre-treatment process. In the operation condition, the rate of flux decline was diminished by a higher linear velocity and operation temperature, lower pressure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2018.11a
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• pp.6-7
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• 2018

In the previous study, durometer, namely rubber hardness tester Was used to confirm the possibility of using the setting time of concrete for determination. in this study, the possibility of using condensation time judgment condensation estimation system by comparing the measuring station setting estimation system Measuring needle of the proctor penetration resistance tester by newly making a measurement needle and refining the coagulation estimation system Want to make sure. As a result of this study, it was possible to use one condensation estimation system showing similar correlation between the two types of durometer showing high correlation with the penetration resistance value of proctor testers, It is considered to be fruitful to use the dew condensation estimation system for determining the setting time.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.509-517
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to assess the applicability of device-type stream coagulation process which combines physiochemical, biological processing for efficient improvement of water quality in small, middle-sized urban streams. The stream purification facility of this study is compose of pressure flotation type Micro Bubble Process(MBP) to remove TSS and TP and conduit line type Attached Microbial Pipe System(AMPS) to remove BOD. Test conditions of each device were set by floating stay time and change of ultra fine bubble injection amount of MBP, and change of AMPS stay time. Also, removal efficiency of pollution sources of each process were assess by change of season. As result of continuous operation of each process, MBP showed a maximum of TSS 83.69%, TP 95.15% process efficiency and AMPS showed a maximum of 52.95% TBOD5 removal efficiency. Also as result of circular operation of each process, MBP showed a maximum of TSS 69.75%, TP 70.17% process efficiency and AMPS showed a maximum of 68.58% TBOD5 removal efficiency. Therefore, it is considered that this stream coagulation process is effective in improving the water quality of streams in urban areas.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.391-407
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• 2013

Micropollutants emerge in surface water through untreated discharge from sewage and wastewater treatment plants (STPs and WWTPs). Most micropollutants resist the conventional systems in place at water treatment plants (WTPs) and survive the production of tap water. In particular, pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors (ECDs) are micropollutants frequently detected in drinking water. In this review, we summarized the distribution of micropollutants at WTPs and also scrutinized the effectiveness and mechanisms for their removal at each stage of drinking water production. Micropollutants demonstrated clear concentrations in the final effluents of WTPs. Although chronic exposure to micropollutants in drinking water has unclear adverse effects on humans, peer reviews have argued that continuous accumulation in water environments and inappropriate removal at WTPs has the potential to eventually affect human health. Among the available removal mechanisms for micropollutants at WTPs, coagulation alone is unlikely to eliminate the pollutants, but ionized compounds can be adsorbed to natural particles (e.g. clay and colloidal particles) and metal salts in coagulants. Hydrophobicities of micropollutants are a critical factor in adsorption removal using activated carbon. Disinfection can reduce contaminants through oxidation by disinfectants (e.g. ozone, chlorine and ultraviolet light), but unidentified toxic byproducts may result from such treatments. Overall, the persistence of micropollutants in a treatment system is based on the physico-chemical properties of chemicals and the operating conditions of the processes involved. Therefore, monitoring of WTPs and effective elimination process studies for pharmaceuticals and ECDs are required to control micropollutant contamination of drinking water.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.303-310
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• 1996

From December of 1994 to April of 1995, we, SHUH Department of Pediatric Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, studied effects of aprotinin. 95 patients were randomly divided into two groups : group I (n=47) with aprotinin and group ll (n=48) without aprotinin. Aprotinin was given as one shot injection to cardiopulmonary bypass perfusion solution with dose of 50,000 KIUikg. Laboratory data such as hemoglobin, hematocrit, BUH, creatinine, fibrinogen, electrolyte concentration, aPTT, PT, and AT R was checked preoperatively, 5 minutes after anesthesia, 5 minutes and 35 minutes after CPB circulation, and 5 minutes, 3 hours, and 24 hours after reperfusion. Also, chest-tube drainage, transfused amount of RBC, platelet concentrate, and fresh frozen plasma within first 24 hours postoperatively were checked and analyzed after transition nn body weight demension. Only RBC transfused postoperatively had statistical significance with P value of less than 0.001. Others had no difference statistical wise. Postoperative side effects of aprotinin was not detected weeks after the surgery and there was no reoperated patient due to postoperative bleeding.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.418-423
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• 2006

Tabanus anticoagulant protein (TAP) was isolated from the whole body of the tabanus, Tabanus bivittatus, using three purification steps (ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-60, and ion exchange chromatography on DEAE Sephadex gel). The purified TAP, with a molecular weight of 65 kDa, was assessed to be homogeneous by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and an isoelectric point of 7.9 was determined by isoelectric focusing. The internal amino acid sequence of the purified protein was composed of Ser-Leu-Asn-Asn-Gln-Phe-Ala-Ser-Phe-lle-Asp-Lys-Val-Arg. The protein was activated by $Cu^{2+}\;and\;Zn^{2+}$, and the optimal conditions were found to be at pH $3\sim6\;and\;40\sim70^{\circ}C$. Standard coagulation screen assays were used to determine thrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. Chromogenic substrate assays were performed for thrombin and factor Xa activity. TAP considerably prolonged human plasma clotting time, especially activated partial thromboplastin time in a dose-dependent manner; it showed potent and specific antithrombin activity in the chromogenic substrate assay. Specific anti-factor Xa activity in TAP was not detected. Overall, this result suggested that TAP has significant anticoagulant activity on blood coagulation system.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.92-97
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• 1989

This study investigated the effects of high light intensity (100 KLw) and high temperature (45 ℃, dark) on enzyme (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, catalase, peroxidase, and proteinase) activities and characteristics of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer leaves. Enzyme activity and protein content decreased rapidly under treatment with high light intensity In P ginseng the thermal stabilities of catalase and peroxidase were high (above 70%), and the coagulation rates of soluble proteins were low (below 17%). Therefore, the decrease in enzyme activity and protein content was not caused by increase in leaf temperature due to the high light intensity, but by increase in proteolytic activities. The photochemical formation rate of superoxide radical (O-2) was higher in the P ginseng leaf extracts than in Solanum nigmm, and was accelerated by addition of crude saponin to the buffer extracts.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.226-232
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• 2013

Several pretreatment processes such as softening, coagulation and precipitation, activated carbon adsorption, ion-exchange and neutralization processes were studied to remove organics and inorganics for selection of the RO based reusing system of metal industry wastewater. The effects of the hydrophobic/hydrophilic fractions of the organics on DOC removal were tested and used to optimize the combination process. Among various pretreatment processes, softening could reduce 93.4% of hardness and could remove all hydrophobic organics from the effluent of metal industry wastewater. Softening followed by coagulation process could reduce DOC (Dissolved Organic Carbon) from 5.1 mg/L to 1.6 mg/L. In addition, as a result of physiochemical pretreatment to raw wastewater of metal industry, neutralization with NaOH showed an efficient removal of iron and TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) without increase in the hardness.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.977-983
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• 2006

The objective was to devise an animal model of myocardial infarction (MI) against which cardioprotective drugs might be tested. We describe the effects of nimesulide, a COX experience with development and validation of such a model. The rabbit was chosen in preference to rodents because its heart and cardiac circulation more closely resemble those of human. Thus, the cardiovascular system of anaesthetized male rabbits, 1 to 1.5 kg (n=11), was stressed by a single bolus intravenous injection of isoprenaline (ISP), 65 mg/kg. The effects of the injection were followed for sixteen days and were evaluated in four ways: 1) measurements of creatinine kinase isozyme and troponin-I (TPI) in serum 2) Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes (ST elevation and Q wave development) 3) Cardiac histopathology observed in tissue sections of the isolated of the heart. The histopathological analysis showed that rabbit heart on 2nd day after ISP injection showed changes of coagulation necrosis. Day 4 total coagulation with the loss of nuclear and striation associated with heavy interstitial infiltrate of neutrophils was found. Day 8 after infarction showed collagen deposition with capillary channels in between the remaining islands of myocytes in the infarcted area. On the 16th day scarring was complete. Coronary perfusion rates (CPR) and heart rate (HR) of the infarcted and nimesulide (a COX-2 inhibitor) treated rabbits displayed significant improvement (n=11) on each corresponding day after infarction as compared to the infarcted and saline treated rabbits (P<0.05). All four indices revealed similarities with effects commonly associated with MI in humans.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.66-73
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• 2022

In this study, a method for stabilizing treated water was conducted while maintaining high flux using a metal flat membrane module made of stainless steel. This module had a pore size of 13 ㎛, so it was possible to operate at a high flux from 60 LMH to 100 LMH. However, although SS leaked about 30~50 ppm during initial operation, aggregation was possible because SS acted as aggregation nucleus. While polymer membrane permeate does not have aggregation nucleus, so coagulation is possible but not flocculation. Typically clay or bentonite, which is used as aggregation nucleus, is additionally administered. In this study, the total phosphorus treatment and the quality of the treated water were to promote stability because flocculation was achieved only with SS leakage without the need for such a aggregation nucleus. Finally, the feasibility of operating a metal membrane filter capable of high flux in stable treated water to be applied to the MBR system.