• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제27권6호
• /
• pp.1138-1149
• /
• 2017

The use of microalgal biomass is an interesting technology for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions owing to its high metal-binding capacity, but the interactions with bacteria as a strategy for the removal of toxic metals have been poorly studied. The goal of the current research was to investigate the potential of Burkholderia tropica co-immobilized with Chlorella sp. in polyurethane discs for the biosorption of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions and to evaluate the influence of different Hg(II) concentrations (0.041, 1.0, and 10 mg/l) and their exposure to different contact times corresponding to intervals of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 h. As expected, microalgal bacterial biomass adhered and grew to form a biofilm on the support. The biosorption data followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, and the adsorption equilibrium was well described by either Langmuir or Freundlich adsorption isotherm, reaching equilibrium from 1 h. In both bacterial and microalgal immobilization systems in the co-immobilization of Chlorella sp. and B. tropica to different concentrations of Hg(II), the kinetics of biosorption of Hg(II) was significantly higher before 60 min of contact time. The highest percentage of biosorption of Hg(II) achieved in the co-immobilization system was 95% at pH 6.4, at 3.6 g of biosorbent, $30{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, and a mercury concentration of 1 mg/l before 60 min of contact time. This study showed that co-immobilization with B. tropica has synergistic effects on biosorption of Hg(II) ions and merits consideration in the design of future strategies for the removal of toxic metals.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.225-229
• /
• 2013

Bovine Carbonic anhydrase (BCA) was immobilized on a submicro-porous membrane through covalent immobilization. The immobilization was conducted on the porous membrane surface with the treatment of polyethyleneimine, glutaraldehyde, and the anhydrase, in sequence. The immobilization was confirmed using X-ray photon spectrometer. The pH values of carbon-dioxide saturated solution with buffer were monitored with respect to time to calculate the catalytic activities of hydration of carbon-dioxide for free and immobilized CA. The catalytic rate constant values for free CA, immobilized CA on polystyrene nanoparticles, and immobilized CA on a porous cellulose acetate membrane were 0.79, 0.67, and 0.56 $s^{-1}$, respectively. Reusability was studied up to 10 cycles of $CO_2$ sequestration. The activity for the CA immobilized on the membrane was kept to 95% after 10 cycles, and comparable to the CA on the nanoparticles. The stabilities for heat and storage were also investigated for the three cases. The results suggested that the CA immobilized the membrane had the least loss rate of the activity compared to the others. From this study, the porous membrane was feasible as a carrier for the CA immobilization in hydration and sequestration of carbon-dioxide.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제44권5호
• /
• pp.355-365
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 지방의 종류와 함량이 다른 식이의 섭취가 하지 고정 흰 쥐의 근육 내 화학 조성, PPAR${\delta}$ 및 관련 효소의 발현에 미치는 영향을 근육 종류에 따라 알아 보기 위해 수행되었다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 10일 간의 하지고정과 식이 중재에 의해 실험동물의 체중, 식이섭취량 및 혈청 지방산에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 2) 10일 간의 하지고정에 따라 근육 양은 하지 근육 종류에 따라, 각각 soleus 에서 약 57%, plantaris에서 약 39% 그리고 gastrocnemius에서 약 38%로 달리 감소되었다 (p < 0.01). 특히 soleus에서 가장 많은 감소 현상을 보였다. 이러한 감소 경향은 식이 지방의 종류 및 함량에 영향을 받지 않았다. 3) 10일 간의 하지고정에 따라 근육 내 조성 변화의 경우, gastrocnemius에서 분석한 근육 총 단백질량은 정상 다리(contralateral)와 비교하여 하지고정에 따라 유의적으로 감소 (CO, 41%; FO, 40%; HCO, 37%; HBT, 38%)하였다. Plantaris, gastrocnemius에서 분석한 근육 내 중성지방량의 경우에도, 정상다리와 비교하여 하지고정에 따라 plantaris(CO, 39%; FO, 27%; HCO, 38%; HBT, 35%)와 gastrocnemius(CO, 38%; FO, 34%; HCO, 33%; HBT, 34%) 모두에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 그러나, 근 단백질량과 중성지방량의 감소 현상은 모두 식이군 간의 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 4) PPAR${\delta}$ 단백질은 하지고정에 의해 plantaris에서는 유의적으로 증가 (p < 0.05)하였고, gastrocnemius, soleus에서는 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. PPAR${\delta}$ 단백질과는 반대로 PPAR${\delta}$ mRNA는 하지고정에 의해 plantaris에서는 유의적으로 감소 하였고, soleus에서는 FO군만 PPAR${\delta}$ mRNA 발현 양이 유의적으로 감소하였다. PPAR${\alpha}$의 경우 하지고정에 따라 두 근육에서 모두 영향을 받지 않았다. mCPT1 mRNA는 하지고정에 따라 soleus와 plantaris 모두에서 변화가 없었지만, PDK4 mRNA는 하지고정에 따라 plantaris에서 유의적으로 감소하였고, 반대로 soleus에서는 유의적으로 증가하였다. 5) PPAR${\delta}$ 단백질은 세 근육의 FO군에서 모두 크게 증가하는 경향을 보였지만, 식이에 따른 유의적인 차이를 보이지는 않았다. PPAR${\delta}$ mRNA의 경우, plantaris의 CO군과 비교해 FO군에서 mRNA 발현이 유의적으로 낮은 수준이었고, 다른 군에서는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. Soleus의 PPAR${\delta}$ mRNA는 CO군과 비교해 FO, HCO 그리고 HBT군 모두에서 발현 양이 유의적으로 낮은 수준을 보였다. 반면, PPAR${\alpha}$의 mRNA 발현은 두 근육에서 모두 식이에 의한 영향을 받지 않았다. mCPT1 mRNA 발현의 경우, plantaris에서는 CO군과 비교해 FO군에서 발현 양이 유의적으로 낮은 수준을 보였지만, 고지방 식이 군에서는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 반대로, soleus에서는 CO군과 비교해 FO군에서 발현이 유의적으로 높은 수준을 보였지만, 고지방 식이 군에서는 CO군과 비교해 유의적인 차이는 없었다. PDK4 mRNA의 경우, plantaris에서는 CO군과 비교해 FO군의 mRNA 발현 양이 유의적으로 높은 수준을 보였다. 고지방 식이 군에서는 CO군과 비교해 발현 양의 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 한편, soleus에서는 FO군에서 발현이 낮은 경향을 보였을 뿐, 식이에 따른 mRNA 발현에는 모든 군에서 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 본 연구에서는 10일간의 하지고정에 의해서 모든 근육에서 유의적인 근 위축이 유발되었고, 이에 따라 근육 양의 감소와 함께 근육 총 단백질의 유의적인 감소가 나타났다. 하지만 근육 총 단백질과 중성지방의 유의적인 감소에도 불구하고, 하지고정에 의한 근육 내 중성지방 축적은 일어나지 않았다. 이는 하지고정에 의해 모든 근육에서 증가된 PPAR${\delta}$ 단백질이 하지고정 초기에 근육 내 중성지방의 축적을 억제했을 것으로 사료된다. 결론적으로, 하지고정에 따른 근 위축에 의해 근육 내 지질대사를 조절하는 PPAR${\delta}$의 mRNA 발현은 감소하였지만, ${\omega}$-3 PUFA를 함유한 어유 식이는 PPAR${\delta}$ 단백질 및 관련 효소의 발현 수준과 활성에 근 섬유별특성에 따라 긍정적인 영향을 줌으로써 근육 내 지질축적을 비롯한 근위축의 경감에 도움을 줄 수 있다는 가능성을 제시하였다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한의용생체공학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.47-50
• /
• 1997

We synthesized N-Hydroxysuccinimidyl (NHS) azidobenzoate as a cross-linking reagent for immobilization of peptide onto the solid surface. Thin polystyrene(PS) films spin-coated with a NHS azidobenzoate solution were exposed with ultraviolet light at 245nm$(3.3mW/cm^2)$ for 5 min. The NHS active ester groups became covalently attached to the polymer via photogenerated, highly reactive nitrene intermediates derived from NHS azidobenzoate. Using this technique, it is demonstrated that well-defined surface regions can be functionalized with a minimum observable feature size of 1mm for UV exposure. Through reaction of this functionalized PS surface with primary amine-containing biomolecules, biological molecule had been immobilized on the polymer surface.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.25-30
• /
• 2009

The anti-stress effects of kimchi were studied in the Sprague-Dawley rats dosed with kimchi. The rats in the stress groups were subjected to immobilization stress for 2 hr/day for 5 days. At the end of the experimental period, daily average food intake and body weight (BW) gain had been reduced in the stress group compared to the control group. Daily average food intake was significantly increased in the stress-kimchi diet group compared to the stress-only group. The weights of the thymus and spleen were decreased by immobilization stress, but this reduction was partially suppressed by the addition of kimchi. The weights of the adrenal gland and epididymal adipose tissue were increased in the stress group, but ingestion of kimchi completely and partially suppressed these stress-induced changes, respectively. Serum levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride, and plasma levels of corticosterone were increased in the stress group, but at control levels in the stress-kimchi diet group.

• 한국자기학회:학술대회 개요집
• /
• 한국자기학회 2014년도 임시총회 및 하계학술연구발표회
• /
• pp.148-148
• /
• 2014

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.319-322
• /
• 1998

본 실험에서는 GI 활성이 높은 alkalophilic Streptomyces sp.를 사용하여 2% $ extsc{k}$-carrageenan에 균체를 고정화 균체의 효소학적 특성을 살펴보았다. pH stability는 pH가 7.5~8.5에서 GI 활성이 가장 높았으며, reaction temperature는 7$0^{\circ}C$, Co2+는 10-3M, Mg2+는 10-3M일 때 GI 활성이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제47권5호
• /
• pp.683-683
• /
• 2023

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.110-116
• /
• 2010

Lactic acid (LA) fermentation by Lactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741 immobilized on loofa sponge (LS) was evaluated. To increase the surface area of LS for cell immobilization, $H_2O_2$ and chitosan were introduced as surface modifying reagents. Four chitosans of different molecular weights were separately coated on LS. All experiments were conducted in shaking flask mode at 100 rpm rotating speed and $37^{\circ}C$ with 5% $CaCO_3$ as a pH regulating agent. The effects of initial glucose concentration were investigated in the range of 20-100 g/l on LA fermentation by free cells. The results indicate that the maximum concentration of LA was produced with 50 g/l glucose concentration. The immobilized cell system produced 1.5 times higher concentration than free cells for 24 h of fermentation. Moreover, immobilized cells can shorten the fermentation time by 2-fold compared with free cells at the same level of LA concentration. At 1% (w/v) chitosan in 2% (v/v) acetic acid, the Yp/s and productivities of various molecular weights of chitosans were insignificantly different. Repeated batch fermentations showed 5 effective recycles with Yp/s and productivity in the range of 0.55-0.85 and 0.90-1.20 g/l.h, respectively. It is evident that immobilization of L. salivarius onto LS permits reuse of the system under these fermentation conditions. Scanning electron micrographs indicated that there were more intact cells on the chitosan-treated LS than on the untreated LS, thus confirming the effectiveness of the LS-chitosan combination when being utilized as a promising immobilization carrier for LA fermentation.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2017

Objective : Soybeans of Canavalia gladiata(CG) and root of Arctium lappa(AL) have been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effect. However, the immunoregulatory mechanisms of its combinational prescription remain a matter of considerable debate. In the current study, we investigated whether CG and AL and its combinational prescription(CG+AL) regulate immune system using chronic immobilization-stress mouse model. Methods : C57BL/6J mice fixed for 2 hours into immobilization tube after CG, AL, CG+AL oral administration after 2 hours daily for 21 days. After every experiment has ended the C57BL/6J mice were sacrificed on 22 days. The production of Serotonin and Cortisol, lgA were observed by ELISA method, The proportion of immune cells such as T/B cell and macrophage, NK cell were measured by FACS. Then, Real-time PCR was performed to measure the mRNA expression of Inflammatory cytokines(IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-a) and T cell activation cytokines(IL-2, IL-10, IFN-gamma, IL-12p35 / p40). Result : When chronic immobilization-stress mouse model were treated with CG+AL(1:4), the expression of mRNA were significantly decreased at the Inflammatory cytokines(IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-a). While, the levels of mRNA were significantly increased at immune T cell activation cytokines. Additionally, CG+AL(1:4) combinational prescription group enhanced immune cells such as T/B cell and macrophage, NK cell. Furthermore, the Immuno-fluorescence result of brain tissue can confirm that CG+AL(1:4) group significantly increased the BDNF expression. Conclusion : These result suggest that CG+AL(1:4) combinational prescription has Immune System enhancement via stress-mediated immunocyte.