• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.07b
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• pp.727-730
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• 2000

Recently, RoboCup soccer simulation has been regarded as a good benchmark problem for multiagent researches. Soccer agents have to make decision based on visual and auditory information, which are sent from the soccer server. In order to develop a strong team, we have to design decision-making process of each player agent. However, it is very difficult for us to design the decision-making processes in detail, because we don't know what actions of each player are effective for the team. In this paper, we attempt to apply co-evolutionary method, which is one type of analogies of evolution, to improve the team play. Agents have hand coded basic skills, which include dribble, shoot, pass etc. Agents already can play autonomously and independently. Individual agent skills are characterized by some parameters. By coevolving teams with these parameters, we obtained relatively interesting teams, in which players behave cooperatively in order to win the soccer game. From some experiments, we discuss what teams are evolved.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.82.2-82.2
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• 2011

Infra-Red Dark Clouds (IRDCs) seen silhouette against the bright Galactic background in mid-IR are a class of interstellar clouds that are dense and cold with very high column densities. While IRDCs are believed to be the precursors to massive stars and star clusters, individual IRDCs show diverse star forming activities within them. We report a remarkable example of such cloud, the IRDC at ${\Gamma}53.2^{\circ}$, and star formation activity in this cloud. The IRDC was previously identified in part as three separate, arcmin-size clouds in the catalogue of MSX IRDC candidates, but we found that the IRDC is associated with a long, filamentary CO cloud at 2 kpc from the Galactic Ring Survey data of $^{13}CO$ J = 1-0 emission, and that its total extent reaches ~ 30pc. The Spitzer MIPSGAL 24mm data show a number of reddened mid-IR sources distributed along the IRDC which are probably young stellar objects (YSOs), and the UWISH2 $H_2$ data (2.122mm) reveal ubiquitous out flows around them. These observations indicate that the IRDC is a site of active star formation with YSOs in various evolutionary stages. In order to investigate the nature of mid-IR sources, we have performed photometry of MIPSGAL data, and we present a catalogue of YSOs combining other available point source catalogues from optical to IR. We discuss the evolutionary stages and characteristics of YSOs from their IR colors and spectral energy distributions.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1128-1145
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• 2022

Owing to the rapid development of information science, data analysis based on machine learning has become an interdisciplinary and strategic area. Marine predators algorithm (MPA) is a novel metaheuristic algorithm inspired by the foraging strategies of marine organisms. Considering the randomness of these strategies, an improved algorithm called co-evolutionary cultural mechanism-based marine predators algorithm (CECMPA) is proposed. Through this mechanism, search agents in different spaces can share knowledge and experience to improve the performance of the native algorithm. More specifically, CECMPA has a higher probability of avoiding local optimum and can search the global optimum quickly. In this paper, it is the first to use CECMPA to perform feature subset selection and optimize hyperparameters in support vector machine (SVM) simultaneously. For performance evaluation the proposed method, it is tested on twelve datasets from the university of California Irvine (UCI) repository. Moreover, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be a real-world application and is spreading in many countries. CECMPA is also applied to a COVID-19 dataset. The experimental results and statistical analysis demonstrate that CECMPA is superior to other compared methods in the literature in terms of several evaluation metrics. The proposed method has strong competitive abilities and promising prospects.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.3680-3692
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to orient users' touchpoints in co-design experience, to identify their need via visualized experience map, to recommend valid design information in online e-customization services. A user-centered co-design experience map (UCEM) is adopted to analyze the relation between users' desire and time spent, so as to evaluate the online co-design experiences. Based on evolutionary algorithm and fuzzy theory, data of this study is collected from 30 participants. The data was analyzed by descriptive analysis in SPSS, and frequency query and word cloud in NVivo. Employing design category and evaluating users' time spent, the findings are that (a) vamp color matching is consistent with interview data; (b) supported by qualitative feedback, the virtual experience map played an important role in the co-design process and the visualized interaction process; and (c) participants prefer to get more information and professional help on color matching and exterior design. Based on the findings in design category, future work should be focused on developing a better understanding of design resource recommendations and multi-stakeholder communication.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.451-466
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• 2013

This paper deals with the multi-objective optimization of tire reinforcement structures such as the tread belt and the carcass path. The multi-objective functions are defined in terms of the discrete-type design variables and approximated by artificial neutral network, and the sensitivity analyses of these functions are replaced with the iterative genetic evolution. The multi-objective optimization algorithm introduced in this paper is not only highly CPU-time-efficient but it can also be applicable to other multi-objective optimization problems in which the objective function, the design variables and the constraints are not continuous but discrete. Through the illustrative numerical experiments, the fiber-reinforced tire belt structure is optimally tailored. The proposed multi-objective optimization algorithm is not limited to the tire reinforcement structure, but it can be applicable to the generalized multi-objective structural optimization problems in various engineering applications.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2002

This paper presents a genetic programming based evolutionary strategy for on-line adaptive learnable evolvable hardware. Genetic programming can be useful control method for evolvable hardware for its unique tree structured chromosome. However it is difficult to represent tree structured chromosome on hardware, and it is difficult to use crossover operator on hardware. Therefore, genetic programming is not so popular as genetic algorithms in evolvable hardware community in spite of its possible strength. We propose a chromosome representation methods and a hardware implementation method that can be helpful to this situation. Our method uses context switchable identical block structure to implement genetic tree on evolvable hardware. We composed an evolutionary strategy for evolvable hardware by combining proposed method with other's striking research results. Proposed method is applied to the autonomous mobile robots cooperation problem to verify its usefulness.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2007

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), synthesized in the hypothalamus, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of vertebrate reproduction. Since molecular isoforms of GnRH and their receptors (GnRHR) have been isolated in a broad range of vertebrate species, GnRH and GnRHR provide an excellent model for understanding the molecular co-evolution of a peptide ligand-receptor pair. Vertebrate species possess multiple forms of GnRH, which have been created through evolutionary mechanisms such as gene/chromosome duplication, gene deletion and modification. Similar to GnRHs, GnRH receptors (GnRHR) have also been diversified evolutionarily. Comparative ligand-receptor interaction studies for non-mammalian and mammalian GnRHRs combined with mutational mapping studies of GnRHRs have aided the identification of domains or motifs responsible for ligand binding and receptor activation. Here we discuss the molecular basis of GnRH-GnRHR co-evolution, particularly the structure-function relationship regarding ligand selectivity and signal transduction of mammalian and non-mammalian GnRHRs.

• ALGAE
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 2018

Cryptic species complexes are increasingly recognized in phycological research, obscuring taxonomy and raising questions about factors influencing speciation. A recent exploration of kelp genetic diversity on Haida Gwaii, British Columbia revealed the existence of a new species, Saccharina druehlii, which is cryptic with Saccharina sessilis. This suggests that molecular investigations further north may be required to elucidate the taxonomy and evolutionary history of this lineage. Although, for several decades, S. sessilis was considered a single highly variable species, its taxonomy has been far from straightforward. In particular, Hedophyllum subsessile (Areschoug) Setchell is now recognized as a synonym of S. sessilis in North America, but as a growth form of Saccharina bongardiana in Far East Russia. To resolve this taxonomic confusion, we sequenced mitochondrial (CO1-5P) and nuclear (internal transcribed spacer) markers of S. sessilis populations from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA. Interestingly, none of our sequences matched S. sessilis sensu stricto. Instead, CO1-5P sequences from populations in the central and eastern Aleutians matched exactly S. druehlii with increasing sequence divergence occurring westward. Samples from Attu, the western-most island, composed a genetic group that clearly represents Kjellman's concept of Hafgygia bongardiana f. subsessilis and is distinct enough from S. druehlii and S. sessilis to potentially constitute a distinct species. Therefore, Saccharina subsessilis comb. nov. is proposed for this entity. Our results suggest the existence of a species complex at the crown node of S. sessilis and thus further investigation of Saccharina in Alaskan waters should be conducted to reconstruct the evolutionary history of this fascinating lineage.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.99-114
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• 2013

Phylogeographic and feeding ecological studies of seven terrestrial mustelid species (Carnivora, Mustelidae), the Japanese marten Martes melampus, the sable Martes zibellina, the Japanese badger Meles anakuma, the ermine or the stoat Mustela erminea, the Japanese weasel Mustela itatsi, the least weasel Mustela nivalis, and the Siberian weasel Mustela sibirica, representing four biogeographic patterns in the Japanese archipelagos (Hokkaido, Honshu-Shikoku-Kyushu, Tsushima, and Hokkaido-Honshu), were reviewed in order to clarify causes for the faunal assemblage processes of those mustelid species in Japan. Here, three main constraints were extracted as important factors on the mustelid assemblage. First, fundamental evolutionary differences maintained by niche conservatism in each ecologically diversified lineage ("evolutionary constraint") would enable the species to co-occur without any major problem (coexistence among Martes, Meles, and Mustela species). Second, "ecological constraints" would force two closely related species to be allopatric by competitive exclusion (Mu. itatsi and Mu. sibirica) or to be sympatric by resource partitions (Mu. erminea and Mu. nivalis). Third and most importantly, "geological constraints" would allow specific species to be embraced by a particular geographic region, primarily deciding which species co-occurs. The allopatric distribution of two Martes species in Japan would have been established by the strong effect of the geological separation in Tsugaru Strait. Elucidating both phylogeny and ecology of co-existing species in a community assemblage is important to know which species possess distinct lineage and which ecological traits are adapted to local environments, fulfilling the requirement of the field of conservation biology that endemism and adaptation should both be considered. The Japanese archipelagos would, therefore, provide valuable insight into the conservation for small carnivoran species.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2006

The ultimate goal of this paper falls on assessing the magnitude of co- evolutionary pattern existing between the genuine growth of KOSDAQ and KOSDAQ-Listed Companies. This paper define the concept of "genuine growth" as including quantitative and qualitative growth of each entities. This paper take genuine growth indexes of KOSDAQ as liquidity, fairness, volatility, transparency, while that of KOSDAQ-Listed Companies as quantitative financial indexes and qualitative financial indexes. This paper brings three research implications as conclusions. First, growth engine of KOSDAQ resulting in its' qualitative growth besides quantitative one is founded on number of KOSDAQ-Listed companies showing outstanding financial performance qualitatively, Second, increasing permanent profit portion of KOSDAQ-Listed Companies have induced a long-term assessed investment rather than short insight speculation in the year of 2005. In addition, source of lowering market volatility and stabilizing market is strongly correlated with the excellency of profit quality among KOSDAQ-Listed Companies. Third, a high adaptability of KOSDAQ-Listed companies meeting with market sustaining requirements enable KOSDAQ to enhance market efficiency.