• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.76-88
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• 1996

The facial color is affected by age increase, health condition, internal and/or external environment factors and so on. Especially, the external environment factors in accordance with the influence of environment pollution that is air pollution, exert a bad influence of skin. The object of this study shall be quantified the facial color change in accordance with age increase, external environment factors. Therefore we have make the measurement about the facial color change of Korean women by regional groups. We've quantified through correlation equation, the rate of the many external environment factors which influence the facial color change (air pollution, climate condition, season etc.) As the result of the study, we have reach to know that CO, $O_3$, $NO_2$ has high relation with hue, value, chrome change. The facial color change is proved to be influenced atmospheric environment condition. Besides in hue and value in relation with meteorology demonstrates its link with the temperature, the evaporation quantity, the duration of sunshine of each region. Therefore we have instill cognition of the environmental pollution in accordance with external environment factor that was quantified. And we have reach to know this study affects cosmetics development of new concept.

• 약학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.149-152
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• 1998

A high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of DA-6034 in biological fluids using internal standard. Plasma containing DA-6034 and inter nal standard was extracted by liquid-liquid extraction at an acidic pH. After evaporation of the organic layer, the drug and internal standard were reconstituted with mobile phase and injected into the column. They were separated by high performance liquid chromatography on inertsil ODS II column at 334 nm. The detection limit of DA-6034 in plasma was 0.02 ${\mu}$g/ml. In this method, the range of recovery and coefficients of variation were 96-110% and 0.40-3.78%, respectively. There was no interference from endogenous substances. Urine and bile were analysed using the deproteinization method and the detection limit of DA-6034 was 1${\mu}$g/l.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.1929-1933
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• 2012

Two cobalt(II) compounds $[Co(2,2{^\prime}-bipy)(H_2O)_2(SO_4)]_n$ (1) and $[Co_2(2,2^{\prime}-bipy)_2(btec)(H_2O)_6]{\cdot}2H_2O$ (2) (2,2'-bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine, $H_4btec$ = 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid), have been simultaneously synthesized by a one-pot slow solvent evaporation reaction. Their structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and further characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), IR, elemental and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The structural analysis reveals that compound 1 exhibits an infinite 1D chain structure with the octahedral Co(II) centers bridging by the tetrahedral ${\mu}_2-SO{_4}^{2-}$ ligands, while compound 2 possesses a dinuclear $Co_2(2,2^{\prime}-bipy)_2(btec)(H_2O)_6$ unit and the two adjacent octahedral Co(II) ions are linked by the bismonodentately coordinated btec ligand. Additionally, compound 2 exhibits blue fluorescent emission in the solid state at room temperature.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2013

$600{\times}1,200mm$ 기판에 대면적 CIGS 광흡수층 증착을 위한 선형증발원 개발을 위해 다른 크기의 노즐과 일정한 노즐 간격을 가지는 선형증발원의 플럭스 밀도를 전산 모사하여 플럭스 균일도 ${\pm}5%$의 조건을 구하였다. 이를 바탕으로 제작된 선형증발원을 이용하여 Cu, In의 단일막 두께균일도를 확인하였고, CIGS 광흡수층을 동시증발법으로 증착하여 박막의 두께균일도 및 증착 조성의 균일도로 선형증발원을 평가하였다. XRF 조성 분석을 통해 구한 조성불균일도는 600 mm 폭에서 $$Cu{\leq_-}5%$$, $$In{\leq_-}7%$$, $$Ga{\leq_-}4%$$, $$Se{\leq_-}3%$$으로 균일한 조성비로 성막된 것을 확인하였고 SEM 분석을 통해 표면 결정립의 형상을 확인하였다. 또한 XRD측정을 통해 선형증발원 방향의 대면적 CIGS 광흡수층이 칼코피라이트 구조임을 확인하였다. 이를 통해서 개발된 하향 선형증발원이 CIGS 광흡수층 증착에 적합함을 확인하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2008

The effects of $CO_2$ enrichment on growth of maize (Zea mays L.) were examined. Parameters analyzed include growth characteristics, yields, photosynthetic rates, evaporation rates and photosynthesis-related characteristics under elevated $CO_2$. The plants were grown in growth chambers with a 12-h photoperiod and a day/night temperature of $28/21^{\circ}C$ at the seedling stage and $30/23^{\circ}C$ from the silking stage. The plants were exposed to two elevated $CO_2$ of 500, 700ppm and ambient levels (350 ppm). Chalok 1 and GCB 70 germinated three days after seeding, and germination rates were faster in the elevated $CO_2$ than the control. Germination rates displayed significant differences among the $CO_2$ treatments. At the seedling stage, leaf area, top dry weight, and photosynthetic rates, and plant height indicated positive relationship with elevated $CO_2$ concentrations. At the $5{\sim}6$ leaf stage, $CO_2$ concentration also indicated positive relationship with plant height, leaf area, top dry weight, and photosynthetic rates. At the silking stage, increased plant height of Chalok 1 was noted in the $CO_2$ treatments compared to the control. No significant differences were noted for GCB 70, in which leaf area decreased but photosynthetic rates increased progressively with $CO_2$ concentration. Stomatal aperture was a little bigger in the elevated $CO_2$ than the control. $CO_2$ concentration was negatively related to stomatal conductance and transpiration rates, resulting in high water use efficiency.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.104-110
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• 1999

조성, 열처리 및 강자성 상하지층이 AgCo 나노입상 합금박막의 거대자기저항과 포화자기장에 미치는 효과에 대하여 연구하였다. 합금박막의 두께가 50nm이하에서는 두께가 감소함에 따라 자기저항이 급격히 감소하고 포화자기장은 증가한다. 합금박막의 Co조성의 증가, 열처리 및 Fe 상하지층의 피복으로 Co입자의 크기 및 밀도의 증가, 표면에서의 스핀전도산란의 감소로 합금박막 두께 감소에 따른 비저항차의 감소 및 포화자기장의 증가를 억제할 수 있었다. 합금박막의 Co조성이 30at.%이고 Fe(30nm)/AgCo(20nm)/Fe(30nm)인 삼층박막의 증착된 상태에서 포화자기장이 약5kOe, 자기저항값이 약 5%이었다. 합금박막의 Co 조성을 40at.%로 증가시키고 30$0^{\circ}C$에서 10분간 열처리한 경우 포화자기장은 약1kOe로 1/5로 줄었으나 자기저항 값은 5.16%로 변화가 없었다.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.79-85
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• 1998

e-beam evaporator로 [Ni80Fe20/Cu/Co/Cu] 다층박막을 증착하여 자성층 사이의 교환 결합 상태에 따라 Co를 Ni80Fe20/Cu 계면에 삽입, 자기 저항비와 자기 저항비와 자화 곡선의 변화를 연구하였다. 강자성 결합 및 비 결합에서는, 계면에 Co를 삽입하게 되면, 자기 저한 값이 증가하지만 반강자성 결합에서는 자기 저항 값이 감소하는 경향이 보였다. 이러한 원인은 계면에 삽입되는 Co가 계면 산란을 증가시키는 것 뿐만 아니라 자성층 간의 교환 결합상태를 변화 시키기 때문에 것으로 판단된다. 아울러 계면에 삽입된 Co는 박막의 다층 구조를 30$0^{\circ}C$ 이상까지 유지시키며 이는 Cork 효과적인 확산 장애물(diffusion barrier)역할을 하기 때문으로 판단된다.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.518-526
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• 2006

나노 다공성 알루미나 박막을 제작하고 이를 주형으로 사용해서 진공증착에 의해 규칙적으로 배열된 나노우물구조와 나노그물구조의 금속 박막들(알루미늄, 주석, 코발트)을 제작하였다. 원하는 금속물질을 증발시키기 위하여 저항가열 방법을 사용하였으며, 증착은 torr의 기저진공 속에서 수행되었다. 실험결과에 의하면, 나노우물과 나노그물 구조의 박막 중 어떤 구조가 합성되느냐 하는 것은 증착되는 물질의 양에 의해서 큰 영향을 받는다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 세포의 크기가 100 nm이고 세공 직경이 60 nm인 다공성 알루미나 박막을 사용했을 때는 대략 우물구조를 합성하는데 필요한 질량의 절반이하 정도가 증착되게 되면 그물 구조가 합성되는 경향을 보여주었다.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.219-230
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• 2004

Most of the low-level liquid radioactive wastes generated from PWR plants are classified into high or low total suspended solid(HTDS or LTDS), and into radiochemical and radioactive laundry waste. Although the evaporation process has a high decontami- nation ability, it has several problems such as corrosion, foam, and congestion. A new liquid waste disposal process using the ion-exchange demineralizer(IED), instead of the current evaporation process, has been introduced into the Yonggwang NPP #5 and 6. These two methods have been compared to understand the differences in this study. Aspects compared here were the released radioactivity amount of the liquid radioactive wastes, the dose of off-site residents, the decontamination factor, and the amount of the solid radioactive wastes. The IED system is designed to discharge higher radioactivity about 20% than the evaporating system, and the actual radioactivity released from the evaporating and IED system were 0.473mCi and 1.098mCi, respectively. The radioactivity released from the IED was 2.32 times higher than that of the evaporating system. The dose of off-site residents was $2.97{\times}10^{-6}$mSv for the evaporating system, and $6.47{\times}10^{-6}$mSv for IED. The decontamination factor(DF) of the evaporator is, in most cases, far lower than the lower limits of detection(LLD) with the Ge-Li detector. Due to the low concentration of the liquid wastes collected from the liquid waste system, the decontamination factor of IED is very low. Since there is not enough data on the amount of solid radioactive wastes generated by the evaporation system, the comparison on these two systems has been conducted on the basis of the design, and the comparison result was that the evaporating system generated more wastes about 40% than IED.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.401-405
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• 2016

The cobalt silicides were investigated for employment as a catalytic layer for a DSSC. Using an E-gun evaporation process, we prepared a sample of 100 nm-thick cobalt on a p-type Si (100) wafer. To form cobalt silicides, the samples were annealed at temperatures of $300^{\circ}C$, $500^{\circ}C$, and $700^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes in a vacuum. Four-point probe, XRD, FE-SEM, and CV analyses were used to determine the sheet resistance, phase, microstructure, and catalytic activity of the cobalt silicides. To confirm the corrosion stability, we also checked the microstructure change of the cobalt silicides after dipping into iodide electrolyte. Through the sheet resistance and XRD results, we determined that $Co_2Si$, CoSi, and $CoSi_2$ were formed successfully by annealing at $300^{\circ}C$, $500^{\circ}C$, and $700^{\circ}C$, respectively. The microstructure analysis results showed that all the cobalt silicides were formed uniformly, and CoSi and $CoSi_2$ layers were very stable even after dipping in the iodide electrolyte. The CV result showed that CoSi and $CoSi_2$ exhibit catalytic activities 67 % and 54 % that of Pt. Our results for $Co_2Si$, CoSi, and $CoSi_2$ revealed that CoSi and $CoSi_2$ could be employed as catalyst for a DSSC.