• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.59-71
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• 1998

To examine the association of hypertension with cluster of obesity, abnormal glucose and dyslipidemia in Korean urban population, we conducted this cross-sectional study among 3027 men and 2127 women age 20-85 years who visited a prevention center between May 1991 and June 1995 for a multiphasic health check at St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul. By the self-administered questionnaire, the informations of educational attainments, monthly income, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and physical excercise level were obtained. Height, weight, and blood pressure were measured by a trained nurse. The fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride were tested by enzyme method. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was calculated by 'total cholesterol - HDL cholesterol - triglyceride/5'. For testing the differences of cardiovascular risk factors between hypertension and normotension group, 1-test and $\chi^2$-test were performed. For the age adjusted odds ratios of hypertension in persons with obesity, abnormal glucose, and dyslipidemia compared with normal, logistic regression was performed by using SAS pakageprograme. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Age, weight, body mass index(BMI), blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride of hypertension group in men and women were significantly higher than normotension group, but height and HDL cholesterol of hypertension group only in women significantly lower than normotension group. The frequency of obesity $(BMI\geq25kg/m^2)$, abnormal glucose $(\geq\;120mg/dl)$, hypercholesterolemia $(\geq\;240mg/dl)$, lower HDL cholesterol (<45 mg/dl in women only), higher LDL cholesterol $(\geq\;160mg/dl)$, and hyper hypertriglyceridemia $(\geq\;250mg/dl)$ in hypertension group of men and women were significantly higher than normotension group. 2. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were negatively correlated with hight, but positively with age, weight, BMI, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride in men and women. BMI was positively correlated with fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride but negatively with HDL cholesterol. 3. The age adjusted odds ratios of hypertension were as follows in men and women : among persons who were obese compared with those nonobese, 2.53 (95% Confidence Intervals [C.I.] 2.08-3.07) and 2.22 (95%C.I. 1.71-2.87): among persons who were abnormal glucose compared with those normoglycemic, 1.43 (95%C.I 1.13-1.82) and 2.01 (95%C.I 1.36-2.94): and among persons who were dyslipidemia (hypercholesterolemia or lower HDL cholesterol or higher LDL cholesterol or hypertriglyceridemia) compared with those normal lipid, 1.59 (95%C.I 1.30-1.95) and 1.51 (95%C.I 1.16-1.96). After combined more than one risk factor, the odds ratios were increased. Among persons with cluster of obesity, abnormal glucose, and dyslipidemia, the odds ratio of hypertension was 2.25 (95%C.I 1.47-3.37) in men and 3.02 (95%C.I 1.71-5.30) in women. In conclusion, it was suggested that hypertension was associated with cluster of obesity, abnormal glucose, dyslipidemia in this Korean urban population.

• 천문학회보
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.41.1-41.1
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• 2015

Hierarchical galaxy formation models under LCDM cosmology predict that the most massive structures such as galaxy clusters (M > $10^{14}M_{\odot}$) appear late (z < 1) in the history of the universe through hierarchical clustering of small objects. Galaxy formation is also expected to be accelerated in overdense environments, with the star formation rate-density relation to be established at z ~ 2. In this talk, we present our search of massive structures of galaxies at 0.7 < z < 4, using the data from GOODS survey and our own imaging survey, Infrared Medium-deep Survey (IMS). From these studies, we find that there are excess of massive structures of galaxies at z > 2 in comparison to the Millennium simulation data. At 1 < z < 2, the number density of massive structures is consistent with the simulation data, but the star formation history is more or less identical between field and cluster. The star formation quenching process is dominated by internal process (stellar mass). The environmental effect becomes important only at z < 1, which contributes to create the well known star formation-density relation in the local universe. Our results suggest that galaxy formation models under LCDM cosmology may require further refinements to match the observation.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제60권6호
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• pp.410-414
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• 2016

The anharmonic frequency of a local OH stretching mode of a water monomer and dimer was calculated using various levels of density functional theory. The quantum chemical potential energy curves as a function of the OH bond distance were calculated, and they were fitted with the Morse potential function to analytically obtain the fundamental transition frequency. By comparing those values with the frequencies similarly calculated using an ab initio quantum chemical method, the coupled cluster theory including both single and double excitations with the perturbative inclusion of triple excitation in the complete basis limit, the accuracy of various density functional methods in the calculation of anharmonic vibration frequency of water molecules was assessed. For a water monomer, X3LYP and B3LYP methods give the best accuracy, whereas for a water dimer, B972, LCBLYP, ${\omega}B97X$, ${\omega}B97$ methods show the best performance.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회A
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• pp.521-526
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• 2007

Density functional calculations have been performed for the reactions of perfluoroalkylsilane and alkylsilane with silica surfaces. The (100) and (111) surfaces of ${\beta}-cristobalite$ are used as two possible models of the hydroxylated amorphous silica surface. This is the crystalline phase of silica with density and refractive index closest to those of amorphous silica. Moreover, two ${\beta}-cristobalite$ surfaces have the two types of silanol groups, namely the single silanols and the geminal silanols. We investigate the possible adsorption structure and formation energy of perfluoroalkylsilane and alkylsilane molecules with two type of silanol groups. The results will be compared with cluster and slab model.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.633-641
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• 2016

Automatic defect inspection system is composed of the step in the pre-processing, defect candidate detection, and classification. Polarizing films containing various defects should be minimized over-detection for classifying defect blobs. In this paper, we propose a defect detection algorithm using a skewness of histogram for minimizing over-detection. In order to detect up defects with similar to background pixel, we are used the characteristics of the local region. And the real defect pixels are distinguished from the noise using the probability density function. Experimental results demonstrated the minimized over-detection by utilizing the artificial images and real polarizing film images.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.117-121
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• 1996

육각판상 Ba-ferrite의 stacking 현상은 자성도료의 도포 후 자장배향를 행할 때 일어나는 것으로 알려져 있으나 분말의 건식분쇄시에도 일어났다. Edge mill을 사용하여 건식분쇄할 때 치환형 Ba-ferrite 분말의 보자력과 tap density는 거의 비례적으로 증가하였고, 분쇄시간보다는 가해지는 압력에 크게 의존하였다. 이 때 보자력의 증가원인은 분쇄시 생성되는 입자간의 stacking 현상에 기인된 것임을 투과전자현미경 관찰로부터 확인하였다. 분말의 tap density가 증가함에 따라 tape에서 분산초기의 광택도가 크게 감소되어 분산성은 떨어졌으나, 배향도는 tap density 1.3 g/$cm^{3}$에서 최대를 나타내었다. 과도한 건식분쇄에 의해 생성된 강고한 stacked cluster는 자성도료 제조시 분산성과 배향도를 동시에 떨어뜨리는 역할을 함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.101-111
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 밀집된 무선센서네트워크에서 노드의 밀집도를 고려하고 에너지 효율적으로 동작하는 클러스터 기반의 새로운 MAC 프로토콜을 제안한다. 제안한 프로토콜은 인접노드의 밀집도가 높으면 발생하는 에너지 낭비 요인들을 줄이기 위해 클러스터 헤더가 인접 노드의 밀집도를 고려하도록 디자인 되었다. 클러스터 헤더가 인접노드의 밀집도를 파악하고 밀집도가 높을 경우 2개 이상의 티어로 분리하여 동작하도록 ACK 메시지를 수정하였다. 그리하여 같은 티어에 있는 노드들간의 통신을 하도록 구현하여 에너지 낭비요소를 줄이고 네트워크의 수명을 연장하였다. 본 논문에서는 NS-2 네트워크 시뮬레이터를 사용하여 기존의 MAC 프로토콜인 S-MAC과 비교하였으며, 패킷전송률, 처리량, 에너지 소모 부분에서 S-MAC보다 우수함을 보였다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.61-76
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• 2006

A Line Density algorithm was developed to quantify the sea surface temperature distribution using NOAA Sea Surface Temperature(SST) data and Geographic Information Systems(GIS), In addition, a GIS based automation model was designed to extract the Line Density Indices were determined by applying K-means Cluster. SST data in terms of March to May obtained on the coastal area of the Uljin from 2001 to 2004 in spring were used to make two data sets of average sea water temperature map in terms of year as well as month. From the result it was formed that water temperature gradient in April was the strongest among the other months, In particular very strog formation of oceanic front as well as temperature gradients were observed in front of the coastal area around Wonduk and Jukbyeon countries. Because those coastal area is a confront zone of two cold and a warm. It is expected that the development of a Line Density Algorithm would contribute to quantify of the SST for the research of Sea Surface Front(SSF) related to marine life management and the sea environmental conservation.

• 천문학회보
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.49.2-49.2
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• 2015

IntraCluster Medium (ICM) located at the galaxy cluster is in the state of very hot, tenuous, magnetized, and highly ionized X-ray emitting plasmas. High temperature and low density make ICM very viscous and conductive. In addition to the high conductivity, fluctuating random plasma motions in ICM, occurring at all evolution stages, generate and amplify the magnetic fields in such viscous ionized gas. The amplified magnetic fields in reverse drive and constrain the plasma motions beyond the viscous scale through the magnetic tension. Moreover, without the influence of resistivity viscous damping effect gets balanced only with the magnetic tension in the extended viscous scale leading to peculiar ICM energy spectra. This overall collisionless magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence in ICM was simulated using a hyper diffusivity method. The results show the plasma motions and frozen magnetic fields have power law of $E_V^k{\sim}k^{-3}$, $E_M^k{\sim}k^{-1}$. To explain these abnormal power spectra we set up two simultaneous differential equations for the kinetic and magnetic energy using an Eddy Damped Quasi Normal Markovianized (EDQNM) approximation. The solutions and dimensions of leading terms in the coupled equations derive the power spectra and tell us how the spectra are formed. We also derived the same results with a more intuitive balance relation and stationary energy transport rate.

• 천문학회보
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.34.1-34.1
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• 2015

Deep archival V and I image data taken with Hubble Space Telescope have been used to investigate compact stellar objects in an anemic spiral galaxy NGC 4921 in the Coma cluster. We resolve a significant fraction of globular clusters based on the reconstructed master drizzled image data. The color distribution of globular clusters (GCs) shows a clear bimodal distribution. The blue and red GC populations show significantly different radial number density profiles. We derive the turnover magnitudes of globular cluster luminosity functions (GCLFs) for the blue and red GCs in the bulge and halo of NGC 4921. We also derive the GCLFs of two Coma cD galaxies, NGC 4874 and NGC 4889, and one coma S0 galaxy, NGC 4923. Turnover magnitudes of GCs in four galaxies agree well within uncertainties. A mean distance of four Coma galaxies is derived from turnover magnitudes of GCLFs. A value of the Hubble constant is determined from this distance estimate and radial velocity of the Coma. We discuss implications of our results in relation with the recent determinations of the Hubble constant.