• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.971-989
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• 2015

With the development of cloud computing, more and more Web services are deployed on geo-distributed datacenters and are offered to cloud users all over the world. Through service composition technologies, these independent fine-grain services can be integrated to value-added coarse-grain services. During the composition, a number of Web services may provide the same function but differ in performance. In addition, the distribution of cloud datacenters presents a geographically dispersive manner, which elevates the impact of the network on the QoS of composite services. So it is important to select an optimal composition path in terms of QoS when many functionally equivalent services are available. To achieve this objective, we first present a graph model that takes both QoS of Web services and QoS of network into consideration. Then, a novel approach aiming at selecting the optimal composition path that fulfills the user's end-to-end QoS requirements is provided. We evaluate our approach through simulation and compare our method with existing solutions. Results show that our approach significantly outperforms existing solutions in terms of optimality and scalability.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.4759-4775
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• 2015

The reduction of power consumption in large-scale datacenters is highly-dependent on the use of virtualization to consolidate multiple workloads. However, these consolidation strategies must also take into account additional important parameters such as performance, reliability, and profitability. Resolving these conflicting goals is often the major challenge encountered in the design of optimization strategies for cloud data centers. In this paper, we put forward a data center monitoring strategy which dynamically alters its approach depending on the cloud system's current state. Results show that our proposed scheme outperformed strategies which only focus on a single metric such as SLA-Awareness and Energy Efficiency.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.685-703
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• 2024

Cloud computing provides each consumer with a large-scale computing tool. Different Cyber Attacks can potentially target cloud computing systems, as most cloud computing systems offer services to many people who are not known to be trustworthy. Therefore, to protect that Virtual Machine from threats, a cloud computing system must incorporate some security monitoring framework. There is a tradeoff between the security level of the security system and the performance of the system in this scenario. If strong security is needed, then the service of stronger security using more rules or patterns is provided, since it needs much more computing resources. A new way of security system is introduced in this work in cloud environments to the VM on account of resources allocated to customers are ease. The main spike of Fog computing is part of the cloud server's work in the ongoing study tells the step-by-step cloud server to change the tremendous measurement of information because the endeavor apps are relocated to the cloud to keep the framework cost. The cloud server is devouring and changing a huge measure of information step by step to reduce complications. The Medical Data Health-Care (MDHC) records are stored in Cloud datacenters and Fog layer based on the guard intensity and the key is provoked for ingress the file. The monitoring center sustains the Activity Log, Risk Table, and Health Records. Cloud computing and Fog computing were combined in this paper to review data movement and safe information about MDHC.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.52-58
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• 2012

Green cloud computing refers to the green ambient benefits that information technology services delivered over the Internet can offer for the society. The green meaning environment friendly and cloud computing is a traditional symbol for the Internet and a type of service provider. Cloud computing has drastically increased the number of datacenters and the energy consumption of data centers and that has become a critical issue which is extremely important in green ambience. These days the cloud data center needs high energy resources that leads to high operational cost and also maximizes CO2 - carbon footprint that pollutes the ambience which is not to be considered as green ambience. So we need to provide a way that leads us to green ambience. Cloud computing for the green ambience should be designed in a way which will utilize less energy resources and to minimize the CO2 -carbon footprint, known as green cloud. In this paper we discuss various elements of Clouds which contributes to minimize the total energy consumption and the carbon emission so as to enable green ambience through green cloud computing.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.2325-2349
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• 2014

Network virtualization technology plays a key role in cloud computing, which serves as an effective approach for provisioning a flexible and highly adaptable shared substrate network to satisfy the demands of various applications or services. Recently, the problem of mapping a virtual network (VN) onto a substrate network has been addressed by various algorithms. However, these algorithms are typically efficient for unicast service-oriented virtual networks, and generally not applicable to multicast service-oriented virtual networks (MVNs). Furthermore, the survivable MVN mapping (SMVNM) problem that considers the survivability of MVN has not been studied and is also the focus of this work. In this research, we discuss SMVNM problem under regional failures in the substrate network and propose an efficient algorithm for solving this problem. We first propose a framework and formulate the SMVNM problem with the objective of minimizing mapping cost by using mixed integer linear programming. Then we design an efficient heuristic to solve this problem and introduce several optimizations to achieve the better mapping solutions. We validate and evaluate our framework and algorithms by conducting extensive simulations on different realistic networks under various scenarios, and by comparing with existing approaches. Our simulation experiments and results show that our approach outperforms existing solutions.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38B no.7
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• pp.512-518
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• 2013

A resource allocation algorithm has a high impact on user satisfaction as well as the ability to accommodate and process services in a distributed cloud computing. In other words, service rejections, which occur when datacenters have no enough resources, degrade the user satisfaction level. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a resource allocation algorithm considering the cloud domain's remaining resources to minimize the number of service rejections. The resource allocation rate based on Q-Learning increases when the remaining resources are sufficient to allocate the maximum allocation rate otherwise and avoids the service rejection. To demonstrate, We compare the proposed algorithm with two previous works and show that the proposed algorithm has the smaller number of the service rejections.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1892-1912
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• 2022

With the massive demand and growth of cloud computing, virtualization plays an important role in providing services to end-users efficiently. However, with the increase in services over Cloud Computing, it is becoming more challenging to manage and run multiple Virtual Machines (VMs) in Cloud Computing because of excessive power consumption. It is thus important to overcome these challenges by adopting an efficient technique to manage and monitor the status of VMs in a cloud environment. Reduction of power/energy consumption can be done by managing VMs more effectively in the datacenters of the cloud environment by switching between the active and inactive states of a VM. As a result, energy consumption reduces carbon emissions, leading to green cloud computing. The proposed Efficient Dynamic VM Scheduling approach minimizes Service Level Agreement (SLA) violations and manages VM migration by lowering the energy consumption effectively along with the balanced load. In the proposed work, VM Scheduling for Efficient Dynamically Migrated VM (VMS-EDMVM) approach first detects the over-utilized host using the Modified Weighted Linear Regression (MWLR) algorithm and along with the dynamic utilization model for an underutilized host. Maximum Power Reduction and Reduced Time (MPRRT) approach has been developed for the VM selection followed by a two-phase Best-Fit CPU, BW (BFCB) VM Scheduling mechanism which is simulated in CloudSim based on the adaptive utilization threshold base. The proposed work achieved a Power consumption of 108.45 kWh, and the total SLA violation was 0.1%. The VM migration count was reduced to 2,202 times, revealing better performance as compared to other methods mentioned in this paper.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.103-126
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• 2015

Compared to other countries, cloud computing in Korea is not popular especially in the government sector. One of the reasons for the current not-fully-blossomed situation is partly by early investment in huge government datacenters under Korea's e-government initiative; let alone, there was no strong control tower as well as no enforcing law and ordinances for driving such cloud computing initiative. However, in 2015 March 'Cloud Computing and Privacy Security Act' (hereinafter, Cloud Act) had been passed in the Parliament and from September 2015 Cloud Act was deployed in Korea. In U.S., FedRAMP (Federal Risk Assessment and Management Program) along with Obama Adminstration's 'Cloud First' strategy for U.S. federal institutions is the key momentum for federal cloud computing adoption. In 2015 January, U.S. Congressional Research Service (CRS) has published an extensive monitoring report for cloud computing in U.S. federal institutions. The CRS report which monitored U.S. government cloud computing implementation is indeed a good guideline for Korean government cloud computing services. For this reason, the purpose of the study is to (1) identify important aspects of the enacted Korean Cloud Act, (2) describe recent U.S. federal government cloud computing status, (3) suggest strategy and key strategy factors for facilitating cloud adoption in public organizations reflecting SDLC strategy, wherein.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.44 no.7
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• pp.719-725
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• 2017

To reduce management costs and improve performance, the European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI) introduced the concept of network function virtualization (NFV), which can implement network functions (NFs) on cloud/datacenters. Within the NFV architecture, NFs can share physical resources by hosting NFs on physical nodes (commodity servers). For network service providers who support NFV architectures, an efficient resource allocation method finds utility in being able to reduce operating expenses (OPEX) and capital expenses (CAPEX). Thus, in this paper, we analyzed the network service chain embedding problem via an optimization formulation and found a close-optimal solution based on the Markov approximation framework. Our simulation results show that our approach could increases on average CPU utilization by up to 73% and link utilization up to 53%.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.291-306
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• 2020

Nowadays, Data-Network-AI (DNA)-based intelligent services and applications have become a reality to provide a new dimension of services that improve the quality of life and productivity of businesses. Artificial intelligence (AI) can enhance the value of IoT data (data collected by IoT devices). The internet of things (IoT) promotes the learning and intelligence capability of AI. To extract insights from massive volume IoT data in real-time using deep learning, processing capability needs to happen in the IoT end devices where data is generated. However, deep learning requires a significant number of computational resources that may not be available at the IoT end devices. Such problems have been addressed by transporting bulks of data from the IoT end devices to the cloud datacenters for processing. But transferring IoT big data to the cloud incurs prohibitively high transmission delay and privacy issues which are a major concern. Edge computing, where distributed computing nodes are placed close to the IoT end devices, is a viable solution to meet the high computation and low-latency requirements and to preserve the privacy of users. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current state of leveraging deep learning within edge computing to unleash the potential of IoT big data generated from IoT end devices. We believe that the revision will have a contribution to the development of DNA-based intelligent services and applications. It describes the different distributed training and inference architectures of deep learning models across multiple nodes of the edge computing platform. It also provides the different privacy-preserving approaches of deep learning on the edge computing environment and the various application domains where deep learning on the network edge can be useful. Finally, it discusses open issues and challenges leveraging deep learning within edge computing.