• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.197.1-197
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• 2002

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.294-298
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• 1998

The effect of gamma irradiation on the survival of spore bacteria was investigated in frozen cells ($-18^{\circ}C$) with 0.1 M phosphate buffer and inoculated cells in beef. In the case of the frozen cells at log phase, the radiation $D_{10}\;and\;12D_{10}$ values were 0.29 kGy and 3.48 kGy in Bacillus subtilis, 0.39 kGy and 4.68 kGy in Bacillus cereus and 0.46 kGy and 5.52 kGy in Clostridium perfrigens. And inactivation factors were 6.52~10.34 and 10.87~17.24 at the dosage of 3 kGy and 5 kGy, respectively. The radiosensitivity of inoculated cells in beef showed the $D_{10}$ value of 0.59~0.76 kGy, the $12D_{10}$ value of 7.08~9.12 kGy, and inactivation factors of 3.95~8.47. The radiosensitivity of the frozen cells was higher than that of inoculated cells in beef.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.820-825
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• 2010

The functional food components from various Basidiomycota were investigated to improve human intestinal microflora, especially associated with obesity. EtOH extract from Gyrophora esculenta fruit body and Coriolus versicolor judae mycelia showed antimicrobial activities on Eubacterium limosum, Clostridium perfrigens, Clostridium paraputrificum, Clostridium difficile and Clostridium ramosum, and on Bacteroides fragilis, respectively. Although the 80% EtOH extract from G. esculenta fruit body and hot-water extract from C. versicolor judae mycelia did not reduce weight of the rats in the high fat diet, these extracts showed stability at high temperatures and at wide pH ranges. In the rat group of feeding 80% EtOH extract from G. esculanta fruit body, Bifidobacterium spp. were increased and Clostridium spp. and Eubacterium spp. were decreased compared to the high fat feeding group. Also sensory evaluation was carried out for the development of prototype drink product. These results demonstrated the possibilities of C. versicolor judae and G. esculenta as a functional food components to control intestinal microbial flora.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.334-338
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• 2009

To determine the contamination status of Sushi fish and rice, seventy-nine samples of Sushi were collected from wholesale markets and Japanese restaurants within the Seoul area and subsequently analyzed for food-borne pathogens. Total aerobic counts ranged from 4 to 6 log CFU/g for the sliced raw fish, and from 3 to 5 log CFU/g for the boiled rice. Higher levels of contamination were detected in bream and shrimp Sushi versus other types. Coliform counts of 3-4 log CFU/g were detected in the sliced raw fish, whereas levels in the boiled rice were one log CFU/g lower compared to the raw fish. The raw Sushi fish had higher amounts of contamination than the boiled rice, however, E.coli was not detected. The prevalence rates of pathogens, namely Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, in the raw fish were 17% and 10%, respectively. Similarly, the prevalence rates in the boiled rice were 11% and 8% for S. aureus and B.cereus, respectively. Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes were also detected; however, other pathogens such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Clostridium perfrigens, and Yersinia enterocolitica were not detected. Among the high contaminating pathogens, B.cereus was found in 13% of samples from the wholesale markets, while S.aureus was found in 30% of samples from the Japanese restaurants. Therefore, these data suggest that the primary microbial hazard factors for Sushi are S. aureus and B. cereus, in addition to V. parahaemolyticus, and further risk assessments should focus on those pathogens.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.99-104
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• 2008

A lactic acid bacterium showing growth inhibitory activity against Enterobacter sakazakii was isolated from bovine intestinal tracts. From biochemical and molecular biological studies, the isolate was identified and named as Enterococcus faecium JH95. This strain was resistant to kanamycin and streptomycin at a concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. E. faecium JH95 had high antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Clostridium perfrigens. The culture supernatant of this strain did not have antimicrobial activity. The culture broth of this strain failed to show the antimicrobial activity by heat treatment at $100^{\circ}C$ for 5 min or by pretense treatments for 2 hr. This result suggested that the putative antimicrobial substance produced by E. faecium JH95 is likely a protein which is not secreted into culture medium.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.147-155
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• 2006

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to evaluate epidemiological data of pathogens obtained from stool exams and compare them with the clinical course in pediatric patients with symptoms of acute gastroenteritis. Methods : Subjects were selected from patients presenting with symptoms of acute gastroenteritis who visited the outpatient clinic or who were admitted to the Dankook University Hospital from December of 2004 to December of 2005. Stool exams for 17 pathogens was performed. RT-PCR was used to detect norovirus and enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay (ELISA) was used to detect rotavirus, adenovirus and astrovirus in the subjects stool samples. Ten different species of bacteria(Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Clostridium perfrigens, Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Vibrio spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Yersinia spp., and L. monocytogenes) were each selectively cultivated and enzyme immunoassays(EIA) was used to test for antigens for C. parvum, E. histolytica and G. lamblia. Retrospective chart review was performed for comparisons of clinical manifestations. Results : A total of 215 subjects was selected and of these 89 cases(41.4%) showed positive results for at least one pathogen. Male to female ratio was 1.3:1. Age distribution showed 4 cases less than one month(4.5%), 4 cases from 1~2 months(4.5%), 24 cases from 3~12 months(26.7%), 47 cases form 13~48 months(52.8%), 10 cases greater than 48 months (21.2%). Viruses showed the greatest proportion of cases with 68 subjects(77.5%), of these rotavirus being the most commonly reported in 50 cases. Bacteria was identified in 26 cases (29.2%), of these nontyphoidal salmonella was noted in 10 cases. Protozoa followed with 21 cases(23.6%), of these C. parvum was noted in 11 cases and G. lamblia was noted in 10 cases. Mixed infections with more than two pathogens were seen in 22 cases(24.7%), of these viral infection with accompanying parasitic infection was seen in 12(54.5%) cases. Conclusion : In this study we examined various pathogens known to cause acute gastroenteritis in children. Further studies for various pathogens can provide useful information for management of the acute gastroenteritis.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.160-167
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• 2007

Shelf-stability of powdered model food was determined during storage at various temperatures ($25^{\circ}C$, $35^{\circ}C$) and various moisture contents (3.5%, 6.0%, 8.0%). Moisture content, peroxide value, pH, color, microbial counting and sensory evaluation were conducted during storage. Moisture content, peroxide value, pH and color were not significantly changed during storage in all samples indicating that this powdered model food was relatively stable at given conditions. Pathogenic microorganisms, such as Bacillus cereus, Listeria spp., Clostridium perfrigens, Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus, were not found during storage suggesting that there was no problem in safety in this case. On the other hand, the number of artificially added Lactic acid bacteria was decreased with increasing both storage temperature and moisture content. Therefore, powdered model food was very shelf-stable and it was impossible to predict the shelf-life using above quality factors.