• PNF and Movement
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.13-21
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of closed kinematic chain exercise and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercise on the static dynamic balance performance of hemiplegic patients in order to suggest them therapeutic intervention methods. Methods : The subjects of this study were 18 hemiplegic patients grouped into 2 subgroups according to the exercise program. one group of closed kinematic chain exercise carried out sit to stand, Hooklying with pelvic lift(bridging) and stair-up & down by a hemiplegic leg. The other group of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercise carried out leg flexion-extension pattern in supine position, leg flexion pattern in standing and stabilizing reversal exercise in stating position. Each exercise was carried out over 3 sets of 10reps. Results : The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. For both groups, there were statistically significant changes in the static balance (FICSIT-4) performance after exercise program (p<.05). 2. For both groups, there were statistically significant changes in the dynamic balance (FSST, TUG, FRT) performance after exercise program (p<.05). 3. In the comparison between both groups, there was no statistically significant difference in the static dynamic balance performance (FICSIT-4, FSST, TUGT, ER) after exercise program. Conclusion : As the results of the study shows closed kinematic chain exercise and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercise affect the improvement of hemiplegic patients'' static dynamic balance performance, it is supposed that these exercises could be therapeutic exercise program in clinical situations.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.237-246
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of forward-and-backward shift trunk exercise using a proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) diagonal pattern in a closed kinematic chain exercise on the upper limb function and activity of daily living (ADL) in a stroke patient. Methods: One subject participated in this study. The study used a reversal A-B-A' design, where A and A' were the baseline period (no intervention), and B was the intervention period. The intervention was a forward-and-backward trunk shift exercise, using a PNF diagonal pattern on both a stand-on-hand position and a quadruped position of closed kinematic chain exercises, for 20 min per day for 2 weeks. The range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder joint was measured and a Fugl-Meyer assessment of upper extremity (FMA-UE) and a functional independence measure (FIM) were performed to measure upper limb function and activity of daily living (ADL). Results: ROMs of shoulder joint (flexion, extension, abduction, and external rotation) increased in the intervention phase. The FMA-UE score increased (from 28 to 36) in the intervention phase. The FIM score increased (from 20 to 25) in the intervention phase. These increases were maintained after intervention (Baseline II). Conclusion: These results suggest that forward-and-backward shift trunk exercises using a PNF diagonal pattern in a closed kinematic chain exercise have a positive effect on stroke patients' upper limb function and ADL ability.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of closed-chain exercise on weight supporting rate change within hemiplegic side and static dynamic balance ability in stroke patients. Methods : The subjects of the study were 13 hemiplegic patients who carried out closed-kinematic chain exercise program over 6 weeks. The exercises of the program are stand to sit with stall bar, stair-up & down by a hemiplegic leg and bridging exercise crossing the non-hemiplegic leg onto the hemiplegic leg. Each exercise was carried out over 3 sets of 10reps. Results : The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. After intervention, there was a statistically significant change in the weight supporting rate within hemiplegic and non-hemiplegic side(P<0.05). 2. After intervention, there was a statistically significant change in the static balance(FICSIT-4) ability(P<0.05). 3. After intervention, there was a statistically significant change in the dynamic balance(FSST, TUG, FRT) ability(P<0.05). Conclusion : The results of the study suggests that closed-chain exercise program in stroke patients improves their weight supporting rate and enhance the static dynamic balance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of closed kinetic chain exercise with functional electrical stimulation(FES) of the gluteus medius on gait in stroke. Methods : 30 hemiplegic patients voluntarily participated in this study. Subjects were divided into experimental group(n=15) and control group(n=15). Experimental group was given closed kinetic chain exercise with FES of the gluteus medius and control group was given only closed kinetic chain exercise for 4 weeks. All subjects were measured 10m-walking speed, cadence, functional walking category(FAC) and modified motor assessment scale(MMAS) before and after intervention. Results : In experimental group, gait velocity, cadence, FAC and MMAS showed significant difference between pre and post test(p<.05). In control group, gait velocity, cadence and FAC showed significant difference between pre and post test(p<.05). Before intervention, gait velocity, cadence, FAC and MMAS were not significant difference between experimental group and control group(p>.05), but after intervention, gait velocity, FAC and MMAS were significant difference(p<.05). Conclusion : This study show that closed kinetic chain exercise with functional electrical stimulation(FES) of the gluteus medius is beneficial intervention for increase the wlking ability in stroke.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.391-396
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• 2020

This study was to examined the effect of chain types exercise of lower limbs on the motor performance differences for the life-carement. For this, twenty normal adult women participated and they were examined the differences of exercise effects about abdominal muscle activity and balance ability by applying two types of chain exercise. In order to identify the differences we let them conduct exercise for 4 weeks with each type of exercise. And we used paired t-test and Independent sample t-test for comparing the differences in the group and inter groups. There was a significant difference in the value of 0.05 to verify statistical significance. As a result of this research, it was found that closed chain exercise is more effective than open chain exercise in muscle activity and balance function. Therefore, in the clinical therapeutic environment, if you apply chain exercise for patient to improve lower limb motor performance, we would recommend the close kinematic chain exercise.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.423-433
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• 2021

Purpose: Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is a method for promoting functional movements by facilitating neuromuscular responses through the stimulation of proprioceptors in the body using spiral and diagonal patterns. Irradiation, a basic principle of PNF, is a phenomenon in which the muscle activity of a body part caused by resistance is increased or spread into muscles in other parts via their connected muscles. Resistance training can be divided by body alignment into closed and open chain exercises. Methods: In this study, 19 healthy men in their 20s and 30s were selected as subjects. They performed PNF hip flexion, abduction, and internal rotation motions on their dominant side in an open chain exercise posture in which the nondominant sole was away from the wall, and in a closed chain exercise posture in which the sole was fixed to the wall. The nondominant leg's muscle activity was measured while resistance was maintained with applied pressure at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the maximum muscle strength in the last range of motions. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted for a comparative analysis of the contralateral leg's muscle activity according to the chain exercise postures and the intensity of resistance intensity during PNF hip flexion, abduction, and internal rotation. In addition, an independent sample T-test was conducted for a comparative analysis of each chain exercise posture according to the intensity of resistance. A one-way ANOVA and a Scheffe post-hoc test were also performed to analyze the contralateral leg's muscle activity according to the intensity of resistance in the closed and open chain exercise postures. Results: Results of the two-way ANOVA found that the gluteus medius and the biceps femoris had statistically significant differences in both the chain exercise postures and resistance intensity (p<0.05), and that the vastus medialis and the gastrocnemius did not exhibit statistically significant differences in the chain exercise postures (p>0.05) but showed statistically significant differences in resistance intensity (p<0.05). As a result of the independent sample T-test, the application of the PNF hip flexion-abduction-internal rotation pattern led to a statistically significant difference in the contralateral gluteus medius during the closed chain exercise posture (p<0.05). According to the results of the one-way ANOVA and the Scheffe post-analysis, statistically significant differences were observed in the gluteus medius at 50%, biceps femoris at 75%, vastus medialis at 100%, and gastrocnemius at 100% during the closed chain exercise posture based on a resistance intensity of 0% (p<0.05). In the open chain exercise posture, statistically significant differences were found in the gluteus medius at 50%, biceps femoris at 50%, and vastus medialis at 75% based on the resistance intensity of 0% (p<0.05). In the same posture, there was no significant difference in the gastrocnemius's resistance intensity (p>0.05). Conclusion: When the PNF leg pattern is applied, each muscle requires effective chain exercise postures and resistance intensity to generate the contralateral leg muscle's irradiation.