• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.183-193
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• 2024

The corona of the glans clitoris is a clinically important yet poorly understood anatomical structure. There has been longstanding confusion regarding the prevalence of the corona of the glans clitoris and, moreover, its very existence. Therefore, this anatomical study assesses the prevalence of the corona of the glans clitoris and the gross anatomy of the proximal glans clitoris. Anatomy was assessed in 104 female donor bodies ranging in age from 50 to 102 years with an average age-at-death of 78.1±10.9 years (mean±SD). All clitorises (100%; 104:104 dorsums and 100%; 208:208 sides) were found to have a well-defined clitoral corona. Three of 104 (2.9%) coronas possessed grossly visible, outward-projecting, bluntly rounded papillae. Some donors possessed a coronopreputial frenulum. Clitoropreputial adhesions were common and associated with clitoral pearls. Clitoral pearls were identified in 37.8% (14:37) of unembalmed donors and observed to create clitoral craters, structural deformations in the surface of the corona and glans. The results of this study suggest that the corona of the glans clitoris is a ubiquitous anatomical structure. The clitoral coronal papillae and coronopreputial frenulum are novel, previously undescribed, anatomical structures. This study identifies that the corona of the glans clitoris is prone to pathological processes such as clitoral pearl formation and clitoral deformation. In addition to novel anatomical findings, the results of this study call attention to the need for life-long clitoral examinations. Furthermore, the corona of the glans clitoris should be regularly included in anatomical texts and accurately depicted in anatomical illustrations.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.357-359
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• 2002

Male pseudohermaphrodites is one of abnormalities of phenotypic sex and have an XY chromosome constitution and testes, but the internal or external genitalia are to some degree those of a female. We surveyed one case which were referred in Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University. When patient was purchased, its phenotype was entirely female that have female external genitalia. However, from the age of 6 months, clitoris was gradually increased to Os clitoris, and patients showed male behavior. Critical clinical sign was trauma of protruded Os clitoris. In radiographic and ultrasonographic examination, he had normal vagina and urinary bladder. In chromosome examination, he had an XY chromosome constitution. This case was performed removal of Os clitoris and ovariohysterectomy.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.221-223
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• 2008

SRY gene is normally responsible for testis induction, yet testis development can occur in the absence of SRY. In here, we analyzed the SRY-negative sex reversal in cocker spaniel, at 1.5 year-old. The attacked dog was suffered from enlarged clitoris, and resulted in disorder of urination. By surgically approach, enlarged clitoris and one testis, which are apparently seen, are removed. Additionally, thorough the abdomen surgery, uterus and ovary-like mass were removed. The dog had XX, chromosome, showed negative for SRY-gene, and the mass had the ovary-testis structure. In other words, based on the macroscopic, cytogenic, and histological study, we can diagnose the cocker spaniel as SRY-negative sex reversal.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.61-69
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• 1986

Teter와 Boczkowski (1966)는 testicular feminization syndrome을 두 그룹으로 분류했는데, 그것들 중에서 하나는 陰毛가 없고 정상적인 陰核을 갖고 있는 경우 (A group)이며, 다른 한 그룹은 陰毛도 있고 陰核은 팽대된 경우이다 (B group). 그러나 본 연구의 대상자는 위의 두 그룹의 중간형을 나타낸다 (C group). 각 그룹의 차이점을 알기 위하여 우리들은 鼠蹊部에서 제거한 精巢의 미세구조를 관찰하였으며, 精巢培養과 血球培養을 시도하여 染色體를 분석하였다. C 그룹의 細精管은 Leydig세포나 Sertoli세포의 분포나 성숙도 그리고 基底膜의 두께 등에서 A나 B그룹과 상이한 점을 나타낸다. 陰毛나 陰核의 형태상의 차이는 위와 같은 차이점들로 인해 야기된 것이라고 생각된다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2008

A 3-month-old American Cocker spaniel was presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Chungbuk National University, for examination of urinary tract after dissection of vaginal mass at local clinic before 10 days. Clinical examination of the affected bitch revealed a normal sized vulva in a normal anatomical position with a grossly enlarged clitoris, which contained an os clitoris. On examinations of the genital gland, there were testis, epididymis, ductus deferens and uterus. The histology of both gonads was primarily testis. Seminiferous tubules were divided into many parts by fibrous connective tissue. A small number of spermatogonia was present, but large numbers of Leydig's cells were existed. A normal female karyotype (78, XX) was detected in metaphase spreads obtained from cultured peripheral lymphocytes. Y chromosome specific sequences were not detected in genomic DNA by PCR. After 27 months, the os clitoris was larger than 3-month-old dog and os bone was more calcified than young age. Combining the results of cytogenetic, molecular genetic and histological examinations, the dog was diagnosed as a female hermaphrodite with Sry-negative XX sex reversal.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.422-426
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• 2012

3세령 코커 스파니엘 개가 질의 종괴를 평가하기 위해서 내원하였다. 이 종괴는 방사선 상에서 음경골이 있는 음핵이 확인 되었다. 생식선과 확장된 음핵의 제거를 보호자에게 추천하였다. 수술적으로 제거하는 동안 정관과 자궁 둘 다 관찰 되었으며, 난소가 있어야 할 곳에서 정소형태의 생식선이 관찰 되었다. 조직병리학적인 평가에서 정상적인 자궁과 고환과 부고환조직, 정관이 확인 되었다. 핵형분석에서는 정상적인 암컷의 염색체 (78, XX)를 보였고, PCR에서 Sry 가 나타나지 않았다. 이 결과들을 바탕으로 본 환축은 Sry-negative XX 성전환으로 진단되었다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.83-87
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• 2010

양성자(Hermaphroditism)는 사람과 동물에서 매우 드물게 발생단계의 이상으로 발생한다. 한국에서 개의 양성자 발생 보고는 6 사례가 있으며 그들 모두가 American Cocker Spaniel 품종이었다. 본 연구자들은 진돗개에서 발생한 양성자 사례를 발견하고 그 특징 분석과 병리조직학적 연구 및 분자생물학적 성별감별 연구를 수행하였다. 본 사례연구를 통하여 os clitoris와 ovotestes를 가지며 암컷 성을 가진 양성자 진돗개를 최초로 확인하고 보고하는 바이다.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.166-172
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• 2009

Labial adhesion in prepubertal girls is a common gynecologic problems. The labia minora are fused by thin transparent or thick fibrous membrane in the midline from the clitoris to posterior fourchet. The prevalence of labial adhesion may be even greater because many children with labial fusions are asymptomatic and these cases remain unreported. They are often unrecognized by physician and parents because most of symptomatic children complained urinary symptoms. The authors experienced 2 cases of labial adhesion in girls; one asymptomatic partial fusion and the other symptomatic complete fusion. These lesions were treated successfully by mechanical separation of labial adhesion and petroleum ointment (Vaseline) application without recurrence in follow-ups.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.13-16
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• 2018

We observed the external genitalia and uterus of a 24-month-old freemartin Hanwoo. The vulva was smaller than observed in a normal female Hanwoo, while the clitoris was larger in the freemartin. The angle between the external genitalia and the perineum also varied. Upon internal genital examination, the uterus of the freemartin was a thin tube approximately 18 cm in size and had not differentiated into a normal uterus and uterine horns.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제6권
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• pp.140-202
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• 2004

Body means 1)the whole structure and substance of a man, animal, or plant 2) the trunk or torso of a man or animal 3) part of garment that covers the trunk 4) the fresh or material substance, as opposed to the spirit. Human body could be distinguished as fresh and spirit. Body has the meaning of physicality. Physical means the bodily and constitution, but in the meaning of constitution there is the content of spirituality. Physicality means the appearing or arising of trace or image or nuance of body. The paintings which are using bodies are 1) directly draw bodies 2) twisting or transformation or nuance of the body and highly upgrade the physical emotion or fantastic bodily nuance 3) directly rubbing artist's body on the surface of painting with pigments to elect tactile specification. These physical art have appeared broadly by various artists, mainly with the social aspects of sex, drug, psycho sexual issues. In case of Joel peter Whitkin, the reason of strong physicality in the art is from the mind of the rejection and resistance of real world which is targeting top, perfect and beauty. Further explanation, being the world which is separated top and under, men and women, beauty and ugly; further in the situation, the hierarchy, terror and pressure began and many difficult problems has derived. The contents of attacking feminists's art works are very obscene to reveal female and male's phallus strongly. Sometime, it is strongly related in the political issues. The physical paintings have strong meanings in the action by hands and feet. It supports that it could reveal the humanity with smell, breath, and traces of bodies. In the bodies, the origin of life begins which gives human life by blood lines and water. Sometime, the physical paintings are made by the blood and urine to stick the physicality for special nuance. The physical paintings are made by the image of penis and clitoris which are related in the image of urinating, ejaculation and sometime is symbolized as pens and candles to drop liquid. The selected painters who are related in physical painting are Jackson Pollock, Andrea Serano, Eve Klein, Francis Bacon, Francesco Clemente, Lichard Long, Jakes & Dinos Chapman, Anselm Kiefer, Kiki Smith and Park, Ki Woong. Francis Bacon's style is destructive in representing human shapes which give us special message about the unbearable activity of men politician, high brain, wealthy and religious people. Francesco Clemente's method is to use throat, ear hole, mouse, clitoris, belly nostrils and every holes of body to transmute human physical body. Lichard Long uses directly his body in drawing the surface of painting by using liquid of mud Jakes & Dinos Chapman destroys or transforms the bodies of human. It sometime appears wrong location of the bodies that the penis and vulva is in between human faces or nose of women, Anselm Kiefer uses human hair for representing the human decaying martyrs, and indirectly using straw, he gives special ritual action to repent the Nazi's fault. From 2002 to 2003, Park KI Woong used women womb images to intermingle the smoke shape of <9.11 terror, 2001> in New York to reveal the painful situation of the time(*).