• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.40-52
• /
• 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the hypoglycemic effect and safety of Ojeok-san in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Methods: We investigated type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Kyung-Hee University Korean Medical Hospital who were administered Ojeok-san for at least one day between January 2012 and September 2020, basal characteristics and laboratory tests were reviewed retrospectively. The hypoglycemic effect of Ojeok-san was assessed by comparing fasting blood sugar (FBS) and two hours post-prandial plasma glucose (PP2) levels from before and after taking Ojeok-san. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to baseline hypoglycemic treatments and glycated hemoglobin levels (< or ≥6.5%). The safety of Ojeok-san was assessed by comparing levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transferase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine. Results: After Ojeok-san administration, FBS and PP2 were significantly reduced to an average of 14.33 mg/dL and 27.67 mg/dL respectively. In the subgroup analysis, PP2 in patients receiving metformin mono therapy was significantly reduced to 28.67 mg/dL, and those receiving a dual therapy of metformin and DPP-4 inhibitor, it was significantly reduced to 32.33 mg/dL. In patients with glycated hemoglobin of lower than 6.5%, FBS was significantly reduced to 12.20 mg/dL, and both FBS and PP2 were significantly reduced, to 15.50 mg/dL and 40.00 mg/dL, respectively, in those with glycated hemoglobin levels of more than 6.5%. The safety profile showed no significant difference after Ojeok-san administration. Conclusions: Ojeok-san has significant hypoglycemic effects in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are also taking hypoglycemic agents.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 2011

Incretin hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide delay gastric emptying, increasing satiety, and enhance insulin secretion. Two new classes of treatments related to incretin hormones for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus have emerged: GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g., exenatide, liraglutide) and the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (e.g., sitagliptin, saxagliptin, vildagliptin, alogliptin), which prevent the degradation of GLP-1. A MEDLINE search was conducted in order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of incretin-based therapies and publications were reviewed. Data from clinical trials indicated incretin-based treatment showed clinically significant reductions in hemoglobin A1c with low risk of hypoglycemia. Weight reductions were observed with GLP-1 receptor agonists where as DPP-4 inhibitors are weight neutral.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.45.1-45.15
• /
• 2022

Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease characterized by reversible airway obstruction and airway hyperreactivity to various environmental stimuli, leading to recurrent cough, dyspnea, and wheezing episodes. Regarding inflammatory mechanisms, type 2/eosinophilic inflammation along with activated mast cells is the major one; however, diverse mechanisms, including structural cells-derived and non-type 2/neutrophilic inflammations are involved, presenting heterogenous phenotypes. Although most asthmatic patients could be properly controlled by the guided treatment, patients with severe asthma (SA; classified as a treatment-refractory group) suffer from uncontrolled symptoms with frequent asthma exacerbations even on regular anti-inflammatory medications, raising needs for additional controllers, including biologics that target specific molecules found in asthmatic airway, and achieving the precision medicine for asthma. This review summarizes the immunologic basis of airway inflammatory mechanisms and current biologics for SA in order to address unmet needs for future targets.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.112-114
• /
• 2017

Two one-month-old dairy calves which have Eimeria oocysts in their bloody diarrhea died acutely a few days after showing the first clinical signs. At necropsy, hemorrhagic and congestive gastrointestinal organs were observed in both calves, and abomasal ulcerations existed. As a prevalent agent in all of the collected intra-intestinal specimens, Clostridium perfringens was isolated and the strain was identified as type A possessing alpha and beta2-toxins. In these clinical cases, intercurrent infection by C. perfringens type A and Eimeria through contaminated environment may be responsible for acute hemorrhagic enteritis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.645-660
• /
• 2023

Objectives: This study analyzed the clinical characteristics of patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) who received Korean medicine treatment. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted to investigate sociodemographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and prescribed treatments. The clinical records of 192 patients who visited Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital for FD from May 1, 2022, to May 31, 2023, were analyzed. In addition, the distribution of pattern identification and symptom type according to body mass index (BMI), as well as prescription history, were analyzed. Results: As the degree of obesity increased, the proportion of Spleen-Qi deficiency pattern patients decreased (p=0.012), and the proportion of damp-phlegm pattern patients increased (p=0.000). Additionally, as the degree of obesity increased, the proportion of patients with excess differentiation increased (p=0.002). The PDS (Postprandial distress syndrome) symptom type was significantly more frequent in the underweight and normal groups than in the overweight and obese groups, and the EPS (Epigastric pain syndrome) symptom type was more frequent in the overweight and obese groups. Regardless of the type of pattern identification, the most frequently used prescriptions were Naesowhajung-tang, Hanshin Naeso-san, and Sojeokgunbi-hwan granule. Conclusion: This study analyzed the medical records of patients with FD to elucidate the use of Korean medicine treatments. Our study is meaningful in that we found that the distribution of pattern identification and symptom patterns are linked to the degree of obesity in FD patients and identified the tendency for herbal medicine treatments to be prescribed in clinical practice.

• Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare diseases
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.19-22
• /
• 2016

Purpose: Mucolipidosis type II (ML II), also known as I-cell disease is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder of lysosomal enzyme transport caused by a deficiency of the uridine diphosphate (UDP)-N-acetylglucosamine:lysosomal enzyme N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase (GlcNAc-phosphotransferase). Clinical manifestations are skeletal abnormalities, mental retardation, cardiac disease, and respiratory complications. A severely and rapidity progressive clinical course leads to death before 10 years of age. Methods/Results: In this study we diagnosed three cases of prenatal ML II in two different at-risk families. We compared two procedures -biochemical analysis and molecular analysis - for the prenatal diagnosis of ML II. Both methods require an invasive procedure to obtain specimens for the diagnosis. Biochemical analysis requires obtaining cell cultures from amniotic fluid for more than two weeks, and would result in a late diagnosis at 19 to 22 weeks of gestation. Molecular genetic testing by direct sequence analysis is usually possible when mutations are confirmed in the proband. Molecular analysis has an advantage in that it can be performed during the first-trimester. Conclusion: Molecular diagnosis is a preferable method when a prompt decision is necessary.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
• /
• v.1989 no.05
• /
• pp.75-76
• /
• 1989

The blood bank is a field of clinical pathology which requires the most accuratemaintenanceofrecording. Because the mistake in it is directly related to a patient's life. So, the computerization of the blood bank is urgent to maintain a log blook arid to compare the patient's current data with past result. We developed the blood bank management program using 32 bit minicomputer. This is composed of 4 parts; a management of routine test result, special test result, the blood issue and statistics. The management of routine test result handles the patient's information and blood typing and compares above results with the past one of same patient. The management of special test result are for special immunohematologic tests like an irregular antibody, Coombs' test, and etc. Blood issue part records the type of the blood bag, component, and the name of issuer. Statistic part are made to get statistics of each day and each month by the blood type, and the type the blood component. The program is secured by the maintenance of operator's operation history and thu provision of the security code to each operator, without which no one can enter the system and after the content. So the stability and reliability of the data is obtained. This program will be upgraded for bar-code using system in the near future.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.22-32
• /
• 2020

Objectives The aim of this study was to review the current Sasang Constitutions studies on children and adolescents and to provide basic data for developing in a better direction of research. Methods Research articles on children and adolescents of the Sasang Constitutions studies were extracted from six databases. Published year, published journals, types of studies were classified. Subjects of research and clinical methods for the Sasang type classification were summarized, especially in clinical studies. Results A total of 26 selected research articles were published from 1990 to 2013 and 14 articles (54%) have been published in Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine and Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine. 96% of the total researches were based on clinical studies. Psychological and physical characteristics by Sasang Constitutional type accounted for most of the clinical research studies subjects. But these studies were not performed with diagnostic tools only for children and adolescents. Discussion In this study, the necessity of developing methods of Sasang constitutional type classification for children and adolescents was confirmed. If accompanied by additional research based on this study, it is expected to be used in diverse fields with active collaboration or education.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.56 no.5
• /
• pp.395-399
• /
• 2014

Objective : Blood blister-like aneurysms (BBAs) resemble arterial dissections. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between these two disease entities and highlight commonalities and distinct features. Methods : Among 871 consecutive patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, 11 BBAs of internal carotid artery and seven vertebral artery dissections (VADs) with a short segmental eccentric dilatation (Mizutani type 4), which is morphologically similar to a BBA, were selected. The following clinical factors were studied in each group : age, gender, risk factors, Hunt and Hess grade (HHG), Fisher grade (FG), vasospasms, hydrocephalus, perioperative rebleeding rate, and treatment outcome. Results : The mean age was 47.9 years in the BBAs group and 46.4 years in the type 4 VADs group. All the BBA patients were female, whereas there was a slight male predominance in the type 4 VAD group (male : female ratio of 4 : 3). In the BBA and type 4 VAD groups that underwent less aggressive treatment to save the parent artery, 29% (n=2/7) and 66.6% (n=2/3), respectively, eventually required retreatment. Perioperative rebleeding occurred in 72.7% (n=8) and 28.6% (n=2) of patients in the BBA and type 4 VAD groups, respectively. There was no statistical difference in the other clinical factors in both groups, except for the male dominancy in the type 4 VAD group (p=0.011). Conclusion : BBAs and ruptured type 4 VADs have a similar morphological appearance but there is a distinct clinical feature in gender and perioperative rebleeding rates. Complete isolation of an aneurysm from the parent artery might be the most important discipline for the treatment of these diseases.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.24-39
• /
• 2018

Introduction The purpose of this study was to systematically review previous studies on Sasang type-specific pathophysiological symptoms in urination and defecation. Methods Peer-reviewed articles on type-specific pathophysiological symptoms of urination and defecation published until September 2016 were extracted from domestic and international six databases. Clinical characteristics from thirteen extracted articles were categorized into three urination domains of appearance of urine, capacity of bladder and urinary discomfort, and three defecation domains of irritability of bowel movement, functional constipation and discomfort from irregularity. Results As for the urination, Tae-Eum type showed dark color with foam, however So-Eum type had frequent urination and sensitivity to dysuria but no nocturia and residual urine sense. As for the defecation, So-Yang type showed frequent urgency and constipation, however So-Eum type reported loose stool. So-Yang type showed varied level of health status depending on defecation irregularity. There were disparities with rectal tenesmus among Sasang types. Discussion Six domains of urination and defecation related type-specific pathophysiological clinical symptoms were provided in this study. This study would contribute to the standardized clinical measures of Sasang typology in the near future.