• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.76-82
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• 2017

The quantitative expansion of nursing schools has necessitated the qualitative improvement of nursing education, which requires the development of nursing education for clinical practice. To identify strategies for strengthening the educational capacity of clinical fields and nursing schools, this study first examined the current status of nursing education for clinical practice, and then proposed several prospective directions for education. Nursing clinical practice-related studies from several Korean and international electronic databases were reviewed. Insufficient training hospitals and lack of qualified clinical training instructors were the main problems found within nursing educational resources for clinical practice, while the simple practice contents based on observation and inadequate evaluations were the main problems found in nursing educational management for clinical practice. This study suggests better standards and educational accountability for training hospitals and programs to nurture human resources for clinical practice, as well as a variety of training methods to integrate practical training courses and the expansion of formation evaluation. Based on these results, it is necessary to establish governance for nursing education for clinical practice and clarify the role and standards of each practitioner, strengthen the educational role of the hospital, and improve the system. In addition, introducing various types of education methods and strengthening evaluation standards are needed in order to enhance nursing education for clinical practice.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.293-308
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to develop nursing practice standards of hemodialysis care according to admission types. Methods: The standards were developed in four phases. Phase 1: The preliminary standards of hemodialysis care were developed based on literature review and evaluation of professional experts. Phase 2: Content validity was evaluated by 34 professional experts and the standards were modified and revised. Phase 3: Clinical validity was evaluated by 212 hemodialysis nurses. Expert group validated and verified the final outcome. Phase 4: Final standards of hemodialysis care according to admission types were developed. Results: The standard of hemodialysis care for out-patients included 5 standards, 9 contents, 43 nursing activities. The standard for in-patients included 6 standards, 10 contents, 50 nursing activities. The standards for critical patients included 4 standards, 10 contents, 43 nursing activities. There were differences in nursing activities according to admission type. Time required to meet the standards were different according to admission types. Conclusion: The findings of this research demonstrated that the time required for hemodialysis care and appropriate number of nurse would be different according to admission types. Different nursing workload according to admission type of hemodialysis patients need to be considered in allocating nursing manpower.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.37-42
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• 2011

Purpose: The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the power output of ultrasound in Korean clinics and compare the value with Korean and global standards. Methods: A total of 69 units were measured for ultrasound power output. The normal range of power output level was ${\pm}30%$ of the output set according to KFDA standards. Device model, manufacturer, ERA, and BNR were obtained via simple questionnaires. A portable ultrasound power meter was used for output measurement. Results: 37 machines, with reported ERA values, were assessed for power output per unit area. Of these machines, 13 (37.14%) were considered to be compliant with US FDA standards at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, $20W/cm^2$ and 18 (51.43%) were considered within KFDA standards. The remainder of the machines were outside the standard error and evidenced irregular output levels, even though most of them were the same model. Conclusion: Appropriate ultrasound intensity is incredibly important for safety and effective use. Therefore, the KFDA standards regarding ultrasound may require revision in light of global standards, including BNR and ERA additionally, attention should be paid to regular calibration for safe use in clinical practice.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.273-280
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• 2012

As changed the clinical environment, the interest on u-Healthcare service and systems has been increased. The ubiquitous healthcare(u-Healthcare) systems are constructed at the integrated environment that consists of various devices and systems basically such as personal health devices(PHDs) measuring body signals, information aggregators gathering the data transmitted from PHDs through wireless technology, and health information systems storing and managing personal health information transmitted from the information aggregators. International standards such as IEEE 11073 and HL7 have been specified for the interoperability of PHDs and health information systems, but the research on u-Healthcare systems that were developed and applied in the real clinical environment by adopting the standards was rarely conducted. Therefore, we developed an u-Healthcare system which can manage personal health information, such as blood glucose, blood pressure, and body composition, based on health information exchange standards. Moreover, we verified the stability of the developed system through clinical trial in patients with endocrine disease at the Kyungpook National University Hospital, and listed problems occurred during clinical trial and found their solutions.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.5 no.10
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• pp.1830-1840
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• 2011

CDISC (Clinical Data Interchanging Standards Consortium) standards are to support the acquisition, exchange, submission and archival of clinical trial and research data. SDTM (Study Data Tabulation Model) for Case Report Forms (CRFs) was recommended for U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory submissions since 2004. Although the SDTM Implementation Guide gives a standardized and predefined collection of submission metadata 'domains' containing extensive variable collections, transforming CRFs to SDTM files for FDA submission is still a very hard and time-consuming task. For addressing this issue, we developed metadata based SDTM mapping rules. Using these mapping rules, we also developed a semi-automatic tool, named CDISC Transformer, for transforming clinical trial data to CDISC standard compliant data. The performance of CDISC Transformer with or without MDR support was evaluated using CDISC blank CRF as the 'gold standard'. Both MDR and user inquiry-supported transformation substantially improved the accuracy of our transformation rules. CDISC Transformer will greatly reduce the workloads and enhance standardized data entry and integration for clinical trial and research in various healthcare domains.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.355-365
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• 2016

Purpose: This study explores the moral distress that nursing students experience during their clinical practice in Korea. Methods: Data were collected using focus group interviews, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Participants were recruited from three nursing schools in three different cities; each focus group interview lasted between one to two hours. Results: Twenty-two nursing students with more than one year of clinical practice experience participated. Three categories and ten themes were extracted. The following situational categories: "unprotected patients' right and dignity," "clinical settings in which standards of care are not upheld," "disrespectful hospital culture," and "inconsistent and unsystematic clinical education" caused moral distress. Types of responses to moral distress included: "shock and confusion over the gap between reality and moral standards," "powerlessness when cannot advocate patients," "fear and doubts about nursing career," and "moral desensitization and disappointment in oneself." "Expressions of moral distress and the need for advice" and "a search for meaning and hope" were identified as coping strategies. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the need for systematic clinical practicum and education programs to minimize moral distress. These programs may offer opportunities for students to turn moral distress into opportunities for learning and growth in the future.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.285-300
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• 2001

To meet standards for high quality of care and satisfied customers, an evaluation tool about nursing care is necessary. And, We need to evaluate our practice continuously for the improvement in quality and outcomes. This study was intended to develop an evaluation tool about nursing care in NSICU, and was progressed of 3 steps; development, content validity verification and reliability verification. Data were obtained and analysed from Feb. To April, 2000. Development process of the study was as follows A preliminary list was made item by item on the basis of clinical Experience, literature review and patients' record review. Then the standards, criteria and indicators of preliminary evaluation tool were set by 5 clinical nursing panel, and their content validity was reviewed by 27 ICU nurses. Finally, an evaluation tool was developed and verified the reliability at c-university hospital located in Kwang-Ju. The results of this was as follows 1) The evaluation tool of this study developed 8 standards, 39 criterias and 106 indicators. The standards were divided into two dimensions. One was process dimension which contained 4 standards(26 criteria), The other was outcome dimension which contained 4 standards(13 criteria). 2) the Average content validity of the tool was 3.39 at standards, 3.55 at criteria and 3.51 at indicators. 3) Interrater reliability of the tool is r=.7993(p<.001) & internal consistency reliability ${\alpha}$ is .6031 4) Scores of NSICU Patients who participated in this study were 57 at total mean score, 58 at process mean score and 56 at outcome mean score The evaluation tool developed in this study seems to be useful in evaluation nursing practice appropriately for the improvement of nursing care in NSICU. I hope that this evaluation tool can be used effectively in NSICU as an intervention for the improvement of quality control.

• Urogenital Tract Infection
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.45-50
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• 2018

The Institute of Medicine in its report "Clinical Practice Guidelines we can trust" defined standards for clinical practice guidelines. However, many guidelines continue to rely on expert opinion and lack a formal framework for moving from evidence to recommendations. These guidelines may or may not be labeled as "consensus statements" and do not meet contemporary standards for guideline documents we would refer to as "evidence-based". Therefore, the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation working group developed a novel, rigorous and transparent approach to grading certainty (quality) of evidence. In addition, it created a system for "moving from evidence to decisions", for example for the development of evidence-based guidelines. In this article, we aim to introduce this approach to appraising the certainty of relevant evidence and estimate the benefits and detriments of health care interventions within the larger context of evidence-based medicine.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.7-15
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• 2016

Purpose: As medicare services have gotten spreaded, clinical laboratory has been dominant position. So, it has been acted for quality control and clinical pathology accreditation. But there has been quite deficient information to evaluate working space and technical standards of medical laboratory for accreditation. This study goals to figure out accreditation standard and design guideline for clinical laboratory, and to give safe and efficient design information. Methods: This study has been searched by literature for accreditation standards and design guidelines of clinical pathology in USA, UK, and Germany. Results: Three countries have accredited based on working lab space, staff space, storage space, patient space and health and safety equipment. Design guidelines of three countries commonly have focused on worktable layout, worktable distance and module, and specific laboratory biosafety level. And USA guidelines stress on the architectural design such as design process and passage distance for escape, UK stress on the efficiency as functional work flow and construction cost, lastly Germany design guidelines stress on the operator's safety distance and workstation. Three countries have not only accreditation standards but also design guidelines for more specific quality management, separating from accrediting institute. Implications: In korea, it has been needed to make clinical laboratory design guideline for the safe and efficient environment and reliable and competitive medical service.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2005

The diagnostic management of patients with chest pain remains a clinical challenge. Magnetocardiography (MCG) has been proposed as a new non-invasive method for detection of myocardial ischemia. To date, however, MCG technique is not intensively introduced for clinical use. One of the main reasons might be the absence of statistically valid and diagnostically clean criteria, which can determine the presence of certain heart disease. In this work, we suggested a new method to classify the diagnostic value of MCG for the detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with chest pain. MCG was recorded for three groups (healthy subjects and patients without and with CAD) by means of the 64 channel SQUID gradiometer system installed at a hospital. Using four parameters, which were found to be significantly different between groups, we evaluated a probability, in which parameters can be classified into each group based on the distribution function of the parameter in each group. For all parameters, sum of probabilities was compared between groups to determine the presence of CAD. Our classification method shows that the MCG can be a useful tool to predict the presence of CAD with sensitivity and specificity of higher than $80\%$ each.