• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.134-142
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• 2010

Although BinSo-San(BSS), a mixed herbal formula consisted of 11 types of medicinal herbs and have been used as anti-inflammatory agent, In the present study, the acute toxicity (single oral dose toxicity) of lyophilized BSS aqueous extracts was monitored in male and female mice after oral administration according to Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) Guidelines (2005-60, 2005). In order to observe the 50% lethal dose ($LD_{50}$), approximate lethal dosage (ALD), maximum tolerance dosage (MTD) and target organs, test articles were once orally administered to female and male ICR mice at dose levels of 2000, 1000, 500, 250 and 0 (control) mg/kg (body wt.) according to the recommendation of KFDA Guidelines (2005-60, 2005). The mortality and changes on body weight, clinical signs and gross observation were monitored during 14 days after dosing according to KFDA Guidelines (2005-60, 2005) with organ weight and histopathology of 12 types of principle organs. We could not find any mortality, clinical signs and changes in the body weights except for dose-independent increases of body weight and gains restricted in 1000 mg/kg of BSS extracts-dosing female group. Hypertrophic changes of lymphoid organs.thymus, spleen and popliteal lymph nodes were detectedat postmortem observation with BSS extracts dose-dependent increases of lymphoid organ weights, and hyperplasia of lymphoid cells in these all three lymphoid organs at histopathological observations. These changes are considered as results of pharmacological effects of BSS extracts or their components, immunomodulating effects, not toxicological signs. In addition, some sporadic accidental findings such as congestion spots, cyst formation in kidney, atrophy of thymus and spleen with depletion of lymphoid cells, and edematous changes of uterus with desquamation of uterus mucosa as estrus cycles were detected throughout the whole experimental groups including both male and female vehicle controls. The significant (p<0.01) increases of absolute weights of kidney and pancreas detected in BSS extracts 1000 mg/kg-treated female group are considered as secondary changes from increases of body weights. The results obtained in this study suggest that the BSS extract is non-toxic in mice and is therefore likely to be safe for clinical use. The LD50 and ALD of BSS aqueous extracts in both female and male mice were considered as over 2000 mg/kg because no mortalities were detected upto 2000 mg/kg that was the highest dose recommended by KFDA and OECD. In addition, the MTD of BSS extracts was also considered as over 2000 mg/kg because no BSS extracts-treatment related toxicological signs were detected at histopathological observation except for BSS or their component-related pharmacological effects, the immunomodulating effects detected in the present study.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제35권5_6호
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• pp.354-354
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• 2000

• 대한수의사회지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.20-24
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• 1982

The butbreak of laryngotracheitis from a group of chicken farm was pathologically diagnosed in Korea. Clinical signs consisted chiefly anorexia, watery eyes, gasping, sneezing, nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, swelling of face, expectoration of blood stai

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한핵의학회 1971년도 제10차 학술대회
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• pp.75.1-75.1
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• 1971

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.245-256
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• 2009

Purpose: To describe the lived experience of nursing students when faced with clinical judgment in a nursing practicum at the hospital. Methods: A descriptive research design was utilized. Participants were 79 students in the clinical practicum. Participant consent was obtained for ethical protection. Data were collected from August to December 2007 using a semi-structured questionnaire. Content analysis was utilized for data analysis. Results: Two categories and 5 themes were extracted from the data for 'difficult' and 'easy' clinical judgments. For the student category, the two themes were 'knowledge' and 'skill', while the three themes for the clinical education environment category were, 'judgment of clinical symptoms and signs', 'differences between theory and practice' and 'human relationships'. For coping, 2 categories and 5 themes were extracted for the difficult clinical judgment situation, while one category and one theme were found for the easy clinical judgment situation. Conclusion: To develop students' clinical judgment, there is need to develop the method of clinical skills using simulation in clinical teaching. For future research, a study on factors affecting clinical judgment of nursing students in hospitals is needed.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.93-99
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• 1993

This study was conducted to investigate the cause of a new duck disease occured in southern part of Korea. A meat type duck farm located in Kangjin, Chonnam Province had experienced outbreaks of septicemic disease at around 20 days of age in nearly every batch of ducklings from early spring to early summer in 1989. Main symptoms of the birds were eye and nasal discharge, depression, inappetence, diarrhea and nervous signs such as tremor and ataxia. Some birds died suddenly without any signs. Mortality reached from 20% to 80% in severe cases. The autopsy findings of the affected ducklings revealed consistantly severe airsacculitis, fibropericarditis, perihepatitis and occasionaly enteritis and distended ureter with urate deposit. A rod shaped gram-negative bacterium was isolated purely from brain and liver of the diseased ducks by culturing the specimens on blood agar for 48 hours in candle jar. The isolate neither produced hemolysis nor grew on MacConKey Agar. It formed colony relatively slowly being recognizable at least 36 hours after culturing, reaching colony size of about 1mm in diameter at 48 hours culture. The colony looked iridescent under oblique light and had muddy odor. The isolate did not ferment carbohydrates tested but produced gelatinase, hippuricase and oxidase which were considered as characteristics of P anatipestifer. The isolate induced similar signs and lesions when infected experimentally into ducks of 3 to 38 days age via intraperitoneum or intratrachea. However it did not produce any clinical signs wen inoculated via intranasal route. It produced only mild signs in chicken just injected with a very large dose. The bacteria did not produce any signas or lesions in mice. It was concluded through biochemical and physiological tests and animal inoculation tests that the new disease was caused by P anatipestifer.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.249-259
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• 2016

Objectives: This study aimed to develop a standard understanding of neuropsychiatric symptoms and signs of Disease Pattern Identification/syndrome in Korean Medicine. Methods: We investigated various published articles, and the proposals are based on a comparative analysis between Korean medicine literature and DSM5, ICD-10. To improve our understanding, we engaged in a consultation through discussions with the advisory committee. Results: We describe the physical and neuropsychiatric symptoms in a modern sense of the major disease Pattern in Korean Medicine. We also proposed a profound understanding of the neuropsychiatric symptoms and signs of Disease Pattern Identification/syndrome in Korean Medicine. Conclusions: Compared with DSM5, ICD-10, the system of neuropsychiatric diagnosis in Korean medicine, could be profoundly organized into a system in a modern sense. It would be helpful to apply this understanding to clinical practices. There are several points of consideration in this study. The system of neuropsychiatric diagnosis in Korean medicine cannot be a perfect match for DSM5 or ICD-10. In addition, we could not reach a complete consensus on the disease pattern. Although there are some limitations to this study, it is meaningful to have an understanding of the neuropsychiatric symptoms and signs in Korean medicine through discussions with the advisory committee. This trial is expected to be applicable to related research in the future.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.412-417
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• 2019

본 연구는 고자장이란 특수성으로 인해 자기공명영상 검사 중 활력징후를 측정한 연구가 없는 상황에서 검사 중 활력징후를 측정하여 분석함으로서 폐소공포증의 원인분석을 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 연구 방법은 104명을 대상으로 MRI 검사 시 활력징후에 차이가 있는지 알아보기 위해 검사 전과 검사 중 활력징후를 측정하여 비교평가 하였다. 연구 결과, MRI 검사 시 심박수와 혈중산소포화도는 감소하였고, 수축기 혈압과 이완기 혈압 그리고 맥압은 증가하였으나, 모두 유의수준이 0.05이상으로 나타나 MRI 검사 중 활력징후의 변화는 검사 전과 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 본 연구는 폐소공포증의 원인분석을 위한 기초자료 중 하나인 활력징후를 최초로 자기공명 검사 중 측정하여 제공하였다는데 의의가 있다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2019

Objectives The objectives of this study is to investigate the characteristics of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) pattern identification based on the survey of frequencies of symptoms and signs according to the pediatricians and psychiatrists in Korean Medicine. Methods Eleven pediatricians and fourteen psychiatrists participated in this study. 38 symptoms and signs of 4 ADHD pattern identifications (Kidney yin deficiency and liver yang ascendant hyperactivity 腎虛肝亢, Dual deficiencies in the heart and spleen 心脾兩虛, Phlegm-fire harassing the heart 痰火擾心, Spleen weakness and liver energy preponderance 脾虛肝旺) were used to evaluate the frequencies of ADHD. The differences in frequencies of symptoms and signs amongst ADHD pattern identifications, and the correlations between them were analyzed. Results There were significant differences in the frequencies of symptoms and signs between each pattern identification. Dual Deficiencies in the Heart and Spleen 心脾兩虛 is negatively related with hyperactivity and impulsivity, and positively related with inattention. Phlegm-fire Harassing the Heart 痰火擾心 is positively related with hyperactivity and impulsivity, and negatively related with inattention. Conclusions The results of the characteristics of ADHD pattern identifications from the survey analysis could be used in the clinical practices of ADHD as well as to improve the ADHD pattern identification questionnaire.

• 셀메드
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.4.1-4.4
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• 2024

The development of clinical reasoning, which is the basis of medical education, is of great importance in medical universities. One of the founders of modern structural clinical reasoning, based on the knowledge of pathological physiology, is the inventor of the stethoscope Rene Laennec (1781-1826). He described the pioneering experience of clinical reasoning in the pages of his treatise A Treatise on the Diseases of the Chest and on Mediate Auscultation, which is of lasting value, since every rookie physicians in his professional development goes through the path of Laennec. Laennec's practice is of great importance for novice physicians since Laennec's treatise contains a diagnostic analysis of the most common clinical cases. Each such analysis demonstrates the algorithm of clinical reasoning. The purpose of this study was to analyze the approaches of clinical reasoning by René Laennec, which made it possible to identify two basic principles. Laennec's diagnostic reasoning involved two principles: pathogenetic analysis of clinical manifestations and a syndrome-based approach to differential diagnosis. These principles help distinguish between diseases with similar symptoms and physical findings are used to demonstrate the practical application of syndrome-based differential diagnosis. These principles can be easily mastered by understanding the pathogenesis of clinical manifestations. Thanks to the pathogenetic basis, the principles of clinical reasoning of Rene Laennec are universal and applicable to the analysis of any signs of the disease: not only physical but also laboratory and instrumental.