• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.282-290
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• 2020

Background: Ginseng is a commonly used herbal medicine in treating various medical conditions. Chronic gut inflammation is a recognized factor for the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this project, Asian ginseng berry polysaccharide preparations were used to assess their effects on CRC and related immune regulation mechanisms. Methods: Ginseng berry polysaccharide extract (GBPE) and purified ginseng berry polysaccharide portion (GBPP) were used to evaluate their activities on human HCT-116 and HT-29 CRC cell proliferation. Interleukin-8 secretion analysis was performed on HT-29 cells. Naive CD4 cell isolation and T-helper cell differentiation were performed and determined using flow cytometry for Th1 and Treg in addition to cell cycle and apoptotic investigation. Results: GBPE and GBPP significantly inhibited interleukin-8 secretion and cancer cell proliferation, inhibited CD4⁺IFN-γ⁺ cell (Th1) differentiation, and decreased CD4⁺FoxP3⁺ cell (Treg) differentiation. Compared to the GBPE, GBPP showed more potent antiinflammatory activities on the malignant cells. This is consistent with the observation that GBPP can also inhibit Th1-cell differentiation better, suggesting that it has an important role in antiinflammation, whereas Treg cells hinder the body's immune response against malignancies. Supported by cell cycle and apoptosis data, GBPE and GBPP, at various degrees, remarkably enhanced the anticancer activities of 5-fluorouracil. Conclusion: Data from this project suggested that Asian ginseng berry potentially has clinical utility in managing enteric inflammation and suppressing CRC through immunomodulation mechanisms.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.168-175
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• 2020

목적: 현재 상용화하여 사용되는 임시 수복물 재료와 새롭게 대두되는 재료들의 기계적 성질을 실험하고, 평가하는 것이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 2종, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polycarbonate 4군의 고분자 재료들을 평가하였고, 표면 경도, 굴곡강도, 저작 시 마모도, 마모 양상 4가지의 기계적 물성을 실험하였다. 시편의 3축 굽힘 강도와 비커스 경도 테스트는 각각 만능 시험기를 사용하여 측정하였고, 저작 시험기를 이용하여 100,000회의 저작 시험 후 주사 전자 현미경으로 미세구조를 관찰하고 전, 후 무게를 비교하였다. 통계적 유의성 평가를 위해 kruskal wallis test를 시행하였다. 결과: PEEK의 굽힘 강도와 비커스 경도가 가장 높게 나타났으며, PC, PMMA-H, PMMA-T 순으로 나타났다. 미세구조 표면은 PEEK 군에서 거칠기 형태가 가장 적게 나타났으며, PC, PMMA-H, PMMA-T 순으로 적게 나타났다. 결론: PC는 임시치아 제작에 적용할 수 있는 충분한 기계적 성질을 가진 것으로 사료된다. 그러나, 실제 임상 적용을 위해서는 생체 친화성과 같은 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.612-620
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• 2012

본 연구는 항진균 및 항세균 활성이 있는 김치 유래 유산균인 $Lb.$ $plantarum$ AF1을 가지고 천연항균제로서 사용 적합성 및 안정성을 평가하고자 $Lb.$ $plantarum$ AF1을 SD 계통의 흰쥐에게 4주간 반복 경구투여를 통하여 장기투여에 의한 안전성을 확인하고자 식품의약품안전청의 의약품 등의 독성시험기준에 따라 실시하였다. SD 계열의 암수 흰쥐에 시험물질을 0, 500, 1,000 및 2,000 mg/kg/day의 용량으로 4주간 반복 경구투여한 후 사망률, 일반증상, 체중변화, 사료 섭취량, 수분섭취량, 혈액학적 및 혈액생화학적 변화, 부검 소견 및 장기무게의 변화를 관찰하였다. 모든 시험군에서 시험기간 시험물질로 인한 일반증상 및 사망동뮬이 관찰되지 않았다. 전 시험기간 동안 $Lb.$ $plantarum$ AF1의 4주간의 경구투여 결과 체중이 지속적으로 증가되었지만 대조군과 유의성 있는 변화가 관찰되지 않았다. 또한 혈액학적, 혈액생화학적 검사, 장기의 육안적 관찰, 장기 중량변화 및 조직 병리학적 소견에서도 모든 시험물질 투여군이 대조군과 유의성이 있는 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 모두 정상 범위를 벗어나지 않아 시험물질에 기인하는 이상 소견을 발견할 수 없었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 4주 반복투여 독성시험 결과 항진균 및 항세균 활성을 지닌 유산균인 $Lb.$ $plantarum$ AF1은 저독성 물질로 판정되었으며, 안전성 확인을 통하여 천연항균제로의 개발이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.111-115
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• 2005

X-선을 이용하여 의료영상을 생성하는 시스템은 X-선 발생장치, 피사체, 영상전달매체 등의 여러 가지 차이에 따라 영상의 질이 결정된다. 즉, X-선 발생에서 최종영상에 이르기까지 화질에 영향을 미치는 요소가 다양하다는 것이다. 따라서 임상에서 영상을 생성하는 사용자는 최종영상에서 계속적인 영상의 평가와 관찰이 필요하다. 의료영상을 평가하는 방법에는 여러 가지가 있지만, 그 중 실질 또는 실효해상도를 측정하는 방법으로 MTF 측정방법이 적절하다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 X-선 필름을 이용하여 MTF를 계산하는 방법을 탈피하고, 디지털 의료영상의 MTF를 측정할 수 있는 소프트웨어(Borland C++ builder 소프트웨어와 LEAD tools 소프트웨어를 이용한 프로그램)를 이용하여 X-선 장비의 노후화 정도에 따른 MTF 특성을 측정하였다. 측정결과, 사용연수와 사용횟수가 오래된 X-선 발생장치는 최신 장치에 비해 해상력(resolution)과 선예도(sharpness) 등의 화질이 저하되는 것을 MTF 그래프를 통해 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 디지털 의료영상에서도 간단하고 쉽게MTF를 측정할 수 있는 방법을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2008

목적: 알칼리 화상 후 초기 임상적 손상반응의 진행과 치료를 위한 각막 재생의 이해를 높이기 위하여, 화학적 손상 후 동반하는 다양한 인자에 대한 면역조직화학적 변화를 조사하였다. 방법: 알칼리 화상을 입은 각막의 자가치유과정을 면역형광염색법과 H-E 염색, 그리고 TUNEL assay를 통해 면역조직화학적 측면에서 관찰하였다. 결과: 화상 후 각막의 치유는 진행되었지만 각막기질(stroma)과 내피세포의 세포사는 지속적으로 관찰되었다. 각막가장자리의 혈관신생과 손상된 각막의 ${\alpha}$-SMA의 발현은 알칼리 화상 3일 후부터 나타났으며, 각막기질에서의 콜라젠 III(collagen III)의 형성과 콘드로이친황산(chondroitin sulfate)의 발현은 ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin(${\alpha}$-SMA)와 transforming growth factor-${\beta}$(TGF-${\beta}$)의 발현증가와 일치하는 결과를 얻었다. 결론: 각막혼탁을 막기 위해서는 알칼리 화상 후 3일 이내에 혈관신생, 콜라젠 및 콘드로이친황산의 형성을 억제하는데 주력하는 치료가 효과적일 것이라 사료된다. 이 연구는 알칼리 화상을 입은 각막의 치유과정에 있어서의 면역조직화학적 지식을 제공함으로써, 각막의 재생을 촉진하는 치료제의 개발과 이용에 초석이 되리라 사료된다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.124-132
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• 1990

It has been reported that hematoma is one of the most crucial factors in fracture healing since callus formation is disturbed by washing out the hematoma near a fracture site. However, it is not clear why the hamatoma is important and how it plays a role during the fracture healing. In order to investigate the role of hematoma in the process of fracture healing, the osteogenic potential by subperiosteal transplantation have been studied. Experimental fractures by operation were made at the mid-shaft of the tibia in New Zealand white rabbits. Removal of hematoma at the fracture site was done after 2 and 3 days from experimental fracture, and the removed hematoma was transplanted into the subperiosteal area at the mid-shaft of the ulna of each rabbit. As control groups, we have performed 3 different procedures 1) the hematoma was transplanted into the muscular layers at the thigh and forearm; 2) autologous blood clots were transplanted into the subperiosteal area of the ulna; and 3) sham operation without a transplantation into the subperiosteal area. After transplantation, serial bone scintigraphy and simple radiography were performed at 4 days, 1 week, and 2 weeks to detect an abnormality. The results of bone scintigraphy were positive in 5 of 6 experimental group. However, all in three control groups were negative. Histological observation of the positive bone revealed new bone formation with trabeculation. These results suggest the hematoma in fracture site has osteogenic potential in the subperiosteal area which can be demonstrable by bone scintigraphy and histologic findings. Therefore, it is considered that hematoma of the fracture site plays an important role in the process of fracture healing. Further biochemical investigation using various experimental models is mandatory to apply this preliminary result to the treatment of clinical delayed union or nonunion.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2012

봉와양폐(Honeycomb)는 직경 2~10mm 정도의 크기가 같지 않은 낭포(Cyst)가 경계가 명확한 섬유질(Fibrosis)로 이루어진 벽에 둘러싸여 밀집된 형태로 이루어져 있다. 봉와양폐가 발견될 경우 급성악화의 발생 빈도가 높으며 따라서 봉와양폐의 관찰 여부와 측정은 임상에서 중요한 지표가 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 봉와양폐 영역의 정량적 측정을 위하여 봉와양폐의 특징을 이용한 형태학적 기법과 군집성 평가 기법을 통해 자동 구획 방법을 제안하였다. 첫 번째로 영상의 잡음을 제거하기 위하여 가우시안 필터링을 적용하고, 모폴로지 기법 중 팽창 기법을 이용하여 폐 영역을 구획하였다. 두번째로, 주변 8방향 검사를 통해 봉와양폐를 구성하는 낭포의 후보군을 찾고, 영역 확장과 외곽선 검사를 통해 비 낭포들을 제거하였다. 마지막으로 군집화 검사를 통해 최종적으로 봉와양폐를 구획하였다. 제안한 방법은 80장의 고해상도 컴퓨터 단층촬영 영상에서 실험한 결과, 89.4%의 민감도와, 72.2%의 양성 예측도를 보였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.298-309
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate stages of safety and health culture change through a reflection on 40 years of hearing conservation history at a multinational company. Methods: The target workplaces were multinational companies with more than 1,000 employees. The research used the clinical case study and system analysis methods based on direct observation of the research from 1994 to 2009. The latter method performed an analysis of the equilibrium state of the cross-section in the given period and the longitudinal profile of the change during the given period. Results: The stages of cultural change are divided into five stages and summarized as follows. In the first stage, workplace noise was not widely recognized as a hazard, while in the second stage, the measurement of noise levels and audiometric testing were conducted under the Korean Occupational Safety and Health Act (KOSHA). The driving force for change in the second stage was the amendment of the KOSHA. In the third stage, noise came to be recognized as a hazard factor through awareness training. The driving force of change during the third stage was the strong executive power exerted by the audit of the industrial hygiene program from the US head office. In the fourth step, there was a change to actually reduce noise. The driving force in this stage was a change in company executives' risk perception resulting from lawsuits over noise-induced hearing loss and the task force team activities for culture change based on the action learning protocol. At the fifth stage, a 'buy quiet policy' was institutionalized. The management's experience that noise reduction was difficult was the motivation to manage noise from the time of purchase of equipment. Conclusions: The activities of a hearing conservation program are determined by the improvement of the legal system and by the way it is enforced. Noise control activities to reduce noise areas may be possible through the shared risk perception of noise-induced hearing loss and by a change agent role as a facilitator to implement noise control.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제7권1_2호
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• pp.11-20
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• 1980

Hysterosalpingograms (H.S.G.) have been done for several decades to determine causative factors in female infertility. However, the H.S.G. only reverals uterine cavity and tubal patency or inpatency. The author prefers to find more details in regard to the status and condition of the female reproductive organs and their surrounding tissue as they pertain to infertility. H.S.G. in combination with laparoscopic examination reveals the following results. Preparation and method of performance of H.S.G. during laparoscopy in a healthy reproductive age women are as follows. When laparoscopy is not contraindicated, NPO is ordered with routine bowel preparation. Analgesics administered by injection prior to procedure are valium 10mgs and pethidine 50-100mgs. The radiographic procedure is the same as for any HSG technique. During laparoscopy a solution of 3 to 10 ccs. of 60% hypaque sodium is used. Fluroscopic scout films are obtained A-P and oblique views as well as a delayed check film. 1. Age distribution of primary and secondary infertility in this studies involving tubal factors was as follows: 20-29 age group showed 46% incidence and in the 30-39 age group, 50% incidence. Duration of infertility in this study group was the following: 1-2 years showed 26.7%, 3-5 years 53.8%, and 6-9 years 13.3%. 2. Indications of laparoscopic examination were as follows: Secondary infertility in 35% of the cases, obscure tubal occlusion on previous H.S.G. in 25%, unknown origin in 11.7%, and the remaining cases included pelvic pain, small masses, dysmenorrhea, and uterine anomaly. The laparoscopic examination showed clearly the reproductive organs and the surrounding tissues in the pelvic cavity. The abnormal tubal findings there revealed were tuberculous salpingitis and hydrosalpinx in 10% each, endometriosis and peritubabl adhesions in 6.7% each, biconuate uterus in 3.3%. The remaining 58.3% of the cases showed normal findings. Laparoscopic observation for possible myoma nodules, streak ovary, and peritubal adhesions was also done at this time. 3. Comparative tubal findings in combined H.S.G. and laparoscopic examination revealed the following. Bilateral tubal occlusion was present in 14% (7cases) on laparoscopic examination but on H.S.G. 38% (19 cases) were noted. However, tubal occlusion and peritubal adhesions were found in 26% (13 cases) upon laparoscopy and only 8% (4 cases) on H.S.G. examination alone. Normal pelvic findings were present in 60% (27 cases).

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

Objectives: Osteoporosis, which occurs after menopause, is a kind of metabolic bone disorder. It develops when the bone mass begins to decrease radically, and its main symptoms are bone fracture and height-shortening. This thesis aims at what effects the Cuscutae Semen Extract(CSE) has on the prevention of osteoporosis in SD-rat that is caused by ovariectomy. Methods: The 24 female white rats, after removing their ovaries, were divided into the Normals, the Control group, and the CSE administrated group. For the next 8 weeks, distilled water to the normals and the control, and the CSE(45.9 mg/100 g) to the CSE administrated group were given in the mouths of them. After 8 weeks the rats were sacrificed. Weight, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total-cholesterol, triglyceride, phosphorus, calcium, tetraiodothyronine, estradiol, the weight of the femur, the amount of tibia ash, the area of trabecular bone, and the thickness of trabecular bone were measured. Results: The serum analysis shows that the calcium and phosphorous of the CSE administrated group significantly increased compared to that of the control group. Aspartate aminotransferase, alkalinephosphatase, total cholesterol, tetraiodothyronine of CSE group were decreased, but not so significant. Albumin, alanine aminotransferase, triglyceride and estradiol of the group showed the tendency to increase, but the significance wasn't admitted. Regarding the variation of bone, the femur weight and the ash content of tibia, CSE group was more increased than the control group but the significance wasn't admitted. The histological observation shows that the trabecular thickness was more increased than the control group, and trabecular area increased significantly compared to those of the control group. The number of osteoclast and osteoblast area of the CSE groups decreased significantly compared to those of the control group. Conclusions: From the result of the above study, CSE should be effective for the osteoporosis cure and precaution and deeper study through bedside and clinical demonstration is much needed from now on.